Measuring structural social capital in a cluster policy network: insights from the Basque Country

References

• ACE-EUROPRAXIS. (2010). Plan Estratégico 2010–2013 de la Asociación Cluster de Energía del País Vasco (ACE). Bilbao: ACE.
   Google Scholar
• Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahedo, M. (2004). Cluster policy in the Basque Country (1991–2002): Constructing ‘industry-government’ collaboration through cluster-associations. European Planning Studies, 12(8), 1097–1113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti, F. G., & Pizzurno, E. (2015). Knowledge exchanges in innovation networks: Evidences from an Italian aerospace cluster. Competitiveness Review, 25(3), 258–287. doi:10.1108/CR-01-2015-0004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, A. R., & Jack, S. L. (2002). The articulation of social capital in entrepreneurial networks: A glue or a lubricant? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14, 193–210. doi:10.1080/08985620110112079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragon, C., Aranguren, M. J., Iturrioz, C., & Wilson, J. R. (2014). A social capital approach for network policy learning: The case of an established cluster initiative. European Urban and Regional Studies, 21(2), 128–145. doi:10.1177/0969776411434847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranguren, M. J., De La Maza, X., Parrilli, M. D., & Wilson, J. R. (2010). Asociaciones Clúster: Competitividad de la CAPV a través de la cooperación. San Sebastián: Orkestra.
   Google Scholar
• Aranguren, M. J., Magro, E., Navarro, M., & Valdaliso, J. M. (2012). Estrategias para la construcción de ventajas competitivas regionales. El caso del País Vasco. Madrid: Marcial Pons.
   Google Scholar
• Aranguren, M. J., de la Maza, X., Parrilli, M. D., Vendrell-Herrero, F., & Wilson, J. R. (2014). Nested methodological approaches for cluster policy evaluation: An application to the basque country. Regional Studies, 48(9), 1547–1562. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.750423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranguren, M. J., & Navarro, I. (2003). La política de clusters en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco: una primera valoración. Ekonomiaz, 53(2), 90–113.
   Google Scholar
• Borgatti, S. P. (2002). Netdraw network visualization. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
   Google Scholar
• Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). Ucinet for windows: Software for social network analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
   Google Scholar
• Borgatti, S. P., Mehra, A., Brass, D. J., & Labianca, G. (2009). Network analysis in the social sciences. Science, 323, 892–895. doi:10.1126/science.1165821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R. A., & Ter Wal, A. L. J. (2007). Knowledge networks and innovative performance in an industrial district: The case of a footwear district in the South of Italy. Industry & Innovation, 14(2), 177–199. doi:10.1080/13662710701253441
   Google Scholar
• Breschi, S., Lorenzo, C., Malerba, F., & Vonortas, S. V. (2009). European policy favouring networks in ICT. In F. Malerba & S. V. Vonortas (Eds.), Innovation networks in industries (pp. 195–225). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burt, R. S. (2001). Structural holes versus network closure as social capital. In N. Lin, K. S. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social capital: Theory and research (pp. 31–56). New York: Aldine Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Capaldo, A. (2007). Network structure and innovation: The leveraging of a dual network as a distinctive relational capability. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 585–608. doi:10.1002/smj.621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capello, R., & Faggian, A. (2005). Collective learning and relational capital in local innovation processes. Regional Studies, 39(1), 75–87. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonara, N. (2002). New models of inter-firm networks within industrial districts. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14, 229–246. doi:10.1080/08985620210136027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, P., Boekholt, P., & Tödtling, F. (2000). The governance of innovation in Europe. London: Pinter.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobulegoa. (2006). Cuaderno estratégico de la I+D+i vasca en Europa. Vitoria: Gobierno Vasco. Retrieved from http://www.euskadi.net/r33-2288/es/contenidos/noticia/inves_euskadi_08/es_in_desa/adjuntos/cuaderno.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Feld, S. (1981). The focused organization of social ties. American Journal of Sociology, 86, 1015–1035. doi:10.1086/227352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, L., King, C., & Juda, A. I. (2007). Small worlds and regional innovation. Organization Science, 18(6), 938–954. doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromhold-Eisebith, M., & Eisebith, G. (2005). How to institutionalize innovative clusters? Comparing explicit top-down and implicit bottom-up approaches. Research Policy, 34(8), 1250–1268. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromhold-Eisebith, M., & Eisebith, G. (2008). Looking behind facades: Evaluating effects of (automotive) cluster promotion. Regional Studies, 42(10), 1343–1356. doi:10.1080/00343400701654202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, E. (2005). Cluster absorptive capacity: Why do some clusters forge ahead and others lag behind? European Urban and Regional Studies, 12(3), 269–288. doi:10.1177/0969776405056593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, E. (2007). The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: Evidence from the wine industry. Journal of Economic Geography, 7(2), 139–168. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbl014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, E., & Bell, M. (2005). The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: Evidence from a Chilean wine cluster. Research Policy, 34(1), 47–68. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, E., & Pietrobelli, C. (2011). Social network analysis methodologies for the evaluation of cluster development programs. Technical Note IDB-TN-317. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Gobierno Vasco. (2014). Plan the Industrialización 2014–2016. Vitoria: Gobierno Vasco.
   Google Scholar
• Grabher, G. (2006). Trading routes, bypasses, and risky intersections: Mapping the travels of ‘networks’ between economic sociology and economic geography. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 163–189. doi:10.1191/0309132506ph600oa
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1971). Transitivity in structural models of small groups. Comparative Groups Studies, 2, 107–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallio, A., Harmaakorpi, V., & Pihkala, T. (2010). Absorptive capacity and social capital in regional innovation systems: The case of the Lahti region in Finland. Urban Studies, 47(2), 303–319. doi:10.1177/0042098009346373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ketels, C. H. M. (2004). European clusters, in structural change in Europe 3 – innovative city and business regions. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Kilduff, M., & Tsai, W. (2003). Social networks and organizations. London: Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenzen, M. (2007). Social capital and localised learning: Proximity and place in technological and institutional dynamics. Urban Studies, 44(4), 799–817. doi:10.1080/00420980601184752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magro, E. (2014). Regional innovation monitor plus (Regional Innovation Report (Basque Region)). Brussels: Technopolis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Magro, E., Navarro, M., & Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M. (2014). Coordination-mix: The hidden face of STI policy. Review of Policy Research, 31(5), 367–389. doi:10.1111/ropr.12090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malecki, E. J. (2012). Regional social capital: Why it matters. Regional Studies, 46(8), 1023–1039. doi:10.1080/00343404.2011.607806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2002). The elusive concept of localization economies: Towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering. Environment and Planning A, 34(3), 429–449. doi:10.1068/a3457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2003). Deconstructing clusters: Chaotic concept or policy panacea? Journal of Economic Geography, 3(1), 5–35. doi:10.1093/jeg/3.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, K. (2013). The regional state in the era of smart specialisation. Ekonomiaz, 83(2), 103–125.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. (2008). Gatekeepers of knowledge within industrial districts: Who they are, how they interact. Regional Studies, 42(6), 817–835. doi:10.1080/00343400701654178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mujika, A., Ayerbe, M., Ayerbe, O., Elola, A., & Navarro, I. (2010). Manual para la autoevaluación del capital social en las organizaciones. San Sebastián: Orkestra.
   Google Scholar
• Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro, M. (2010). Retos para el País Vasco, tras tres décadas de desarrollo del sistema y de las políticas de innovación. Ekonomiaz, 25A (3), 136–183.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2011). OECD reviews of regional innovation: Basque Country, Spain. Paris: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Olazarán, M., Albizu, E., & Otero, B. (2009). Technology transfer between technology centres and SMEs: Evidence from the Basque Country. European Planning Studies, 17(3), 345–363. doi:10.1080/09654310802618010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orkestra. (2009). II Informe de Competitividad del País Vasco: hacia el estadio competitivo de la innovación. San Sebastián: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78. doi:10.1353/jod.1995.0002
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld, S. a. (2003). Expanding opportunities: Cluster strategies that reach more people and more places 1. European Planning Studies, 11(4), 359–377. doi:10.1080/09654310303643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rychen, F., & Zimmermann, J.-B. (2008). Clusters in the global knowledge-based economy: Knowledge gatekeepers and temporary proximity. Regional Studies, 42(6), 767–776. doi:10.1080/00343400802088300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrat, O. (2010). Social network analysis. Washington, DC: Asian Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Sölvell, Ö., lindqvist, G., & Ketels, C. (2003). The cluster initiative greenbok. Stockholm: Ivory Tower AB.
   Google Scholar
• Staber, U. (2007). Contextualizing research on social capital in regional clusters. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 31(3), 505–521. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00742.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ter Wal, A. L. J., & Boschma, R. A. (2009). Applying social network analysis in economic geography: Framing some key analytic issues. The Annals of Regional Science, 43(3), 739–756. doi:10.1007/s00168-008-0258-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464–476. doi:10.2307/257085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyarra, E., & Ramlogan, R. (2012). The effects of cluster policy on innovation. Compendium of Evidence on the Effectiveness of Innovation Policy Intervention. Manchester: Manchester Institute of Innovation Research.
   Google Scholar
• Uzzi, B., & Spiro, J. (2005). Collaboration and creativity: The small world problem. American Journal of Sociology, 111(2), 447–504. doi:10.1086/432782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdaliso, J. M. (2015). Cluster de la energía de la CPAV, en Cuadernos del Informe de Competitivdad del País Vasco 2015. Número 3: Sectores y clústeres. San Sebastián: Deusto Publicaciones.
   Google Scholar
• Valdaliso, J. M., Elola, A., Aranguren, M. J., & López, S. (2011). Social capital, internationalization and absorptive capacity: The electronics and ICT cluster of the Basque Country. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(910), 707–733. doi:10.1080/08985626.2010.505268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis. Methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Watts, D. (1999). Networks, dynamics, and the small-world phenomenon. American Journal of Sociology, 105(2), 493–527. doi:10.1086/210318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, D., & Strogratz, S. (1998). Collective dynamics of ‘small world’ networks. Nature, 393, 440–442. doi:10.1038/30918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westlund, H. (2006). Social capital in the knowledge economy: Theory and empirics. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubiaurre, A. (2002). Cooperación entre empresas y centros tecnológicos en la política tecnológica vasca. Economía Industrial, 346(4), 115–126.
   Google Scholar