442
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Designing Paris Gare du Nord for pedestrians or for clients? New retail patterns as flow optimization strategies

Pages 618-637 | Received 18 Oct 2017, Accepted 31 Aug 2018, Published online: 08 Jan 2019

References

  • Anic, I.-D., Radas, S., & Lim Lewis, K. S. (2010). Relative effects of store traffic and customer traffic flow on shopper spending. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 20(2), 237–250. doi: 10.1080/09593961003701841
  • Ban, D. (2008). Les sciences sociales face à la gare bilan et lecture critique [French social sciences and railway station: An evaluation and a critical reading]. Revue d’histoire des chemins de fer, 38, 11–18. doi: 10.4000/rhcf.342
  • Banos, A., & Pare, A. (2009). Simuler les déplacements piéton dans une station de métro : une approche à base d’agents. Revue Internationale de géomatique, 19(3), 277–302. doi: 10.3166/geo.19.277-302
  • Baron, N., & Roseau, N. (2016). Les gares au miroir de l'urbain [Stations in the mirror of cities]. Revue Flux, 1-2, 103–104, 1–8.
  • Battegay, A., & Tarrius, A. (1995). La gare du Nord et ses environnements urbains: Explorations d’anthropologie urbaine. Paris: Ministère de l’Equipement, Plan Urbain.
  • Bayart, D. (1996). L'information voyageurs en Gare du Nord, Pertinence et système organisationnel [Passenger information at Gare du Nord: pertinence and organisation systems]. Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine, 71, 113–119. doi: 10.3406/aru.1996.1960
  • Bertolini, L., & Spit, T. (1998). Cities on rails: The redevelopment of railway station areas. London, New York: E F&N Spon.
  • Blow, C. (1999). Terminal and transport interchanges. In A. David (Ed.), Metric handbook planning and design (2nd ed., pp. 125–144). Oxford: Reed Elsevier and Architectural press.
  • Bowie, K. (1996). De la gare du 19e siècle au lieu mouvement: évolution ou rupture? [From 19th century railway stations to movement places]. Annales de la recherche urbaine, 71, 14–23. doi: 10.3406/aru.1996.1950
  • Briard, C. (2016, October). Le flagship de Relay à la gare du Nord [Relay’s flagship at Gare du nord], Les Echos Edition 11th of october, page 14.
  • Brighenti, A. M. (2010). Visibility in social theory and social research. Basingstoke. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Capo, C., & Chanu, O. (2015). La gare moderne, vers un espace de service global [Modern station, toward a global space of services]. Economies et sociétés, 3(16), 385–416.
  • Cidell, J., & Pryterch, D. (2015). Transport, mobility and production of urban space. New York: Routledge.
  • Clot-Goudard, R., & Tillous, M. (2008). L’espace du réseau: du flux au territoire. Le tournant pragmatiste engagé par Isaac Joseph [Network’s space: from flow to territory: Isaac Joseph’s pragmatist turn]. Tracés, 15, 107–126. doi: 10.4000/traces.683
  • Clozier, R. (1942). La gare du Nord (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Paris: Baillère.
  • Daamen, W., & Hoogendoorn, S.-P. (2004). Experimental research on pedestrian walking behavior. In Transportation research board annual meeting (pp. 1–16). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Dang Vu, H., & Jeanneau, H. (2008). Concevoir un espace de transit et de consommation: la gestion de site dans les gares parisiennes [Conceiving transit and consumption space: site management in parisian stations]. Espaces et sociétés, 135(4), 45–62. doi: 10.3917/esp.135.0045
  • Debayles-Oki, K., & Doumas, E. (2006). Les grandes gares dans les grandes villes :situation actuelle de leurs configurations spatiales et offres commerciales à Osaka, Londres et Paris. Paris: Editions Techniques Ferroviaires.
  • Demotz, P. (2007). Les commerces dans les gares: un service dans la chaîne du voyage [Stores in stations: A service in the trip chain]. Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 161, 53–57.
  • De Neufville, R., & Odoni, A. R. (2003). Airport systems: Planning, design and management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Desruelles, V. (2009). Commerce en zones de transit: analyse du changement de paysage concurrentiel et perspectives du marché [Retail in transit areas: competitive change analysis and market perspectives]. Paris: XERFI consulting.
  • Duchemin, C. (1999, February). Gares et commerces: un mariage d'avenir [Stations and commerces: A prosperous marriage]. Le Rail, 73, 24–29.
  • Favin-Lévêque, J. C. (2005). La politique de services de la direction des gares et de l’escale [Service policy at SNCF direction of Stations and stops]. Revue générale des chemins de fer, 135, 19–30.
  • Fruin, J. J. (1971). Pedestrian planning and design. New York: Metropolitan ass. Of urban designers and Environmental planners.
  • Gary, D. (1995). Bringing stores to shoppers – not shoppers to stores. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 23(1), 18–23. doi: 10.1108/09590559510078089
  • Gasnier, A. (2007). Les temps de mobilité des consommateurs au coeur des nouvelles logiques d’implantation de l’offre commerciale [Consumers Mobility Time in New Retail Trade Logics of Locating Stores]. Espace, Populations, Sociétés, 2-3, online. Retrieved from /index2143.html.
  • Gibson, J. J. (2015). The ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press - Taylor&Francis. (First edition 1986).
  • Goffman, E. (1963). Behaviour in public places. New York: Free Press.
  • Goss, J. (1993). The “magic of the mall”: An analysis of form, function, and meaning in the contemporary retail built environment. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 83(1), 18–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01921.x
  • Haans, H. (2011). Evaluating retail format extensions: The role of shopping goals. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(5), 389–396. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.05.001
  • Hale, C. (2013). History and prospects of the rail station. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 6(1), 72–91.
  • Hale, C., & Miller, M. (2013). Amenity and opportunity at rail stations. Australian Planner, 50(1), 44–54. doi: 10.1080/07293682.2012.703679
  • Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural movement: Or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20, 29–66. doi: 10.1068/b200029
  • Joseph, I. (1995). Gare du Nord mode d'emploi. Paris: Éditions Recherches, RATP.
  • Kärrholm, M. (2009). To the rhythm of shopping—on synchronisation in urban landscapes of consumption. Social & Cultural Geography, 10(4), 421–440. doi: 10.1080/14649360902853254
  • Kleinman, J. (2012). The Gare du Nord: Parisian topographies of exchange. Ethnologie française, 42(3), 567–576. doi: 10.3917/ethn.123.0567
  • Les Échos Etudes. (2013). Les stratégies gagnantes pour le commerce dans les zones de flux: gares, aéroports, autoroutes, quartiers de flux. Paris: Executive briefings from Les Echos consulting.
  • Löfgren, O. (2008). Motion and emotion, learning to be a railway traveler. Mobilities, 3(3), 331–351. doi: 10.1080/17450100802376696
  • Mazibuko, N. E., & Sharp, G. D. (2014). Travelling shoppers’ perceptions of servicescape of the bus and railway station retail environment. Journal of Contemporary Management, 11(1), 62–81.
  • Merle, P., & Fauchon, A. (2018). Droit commercial Sociétés commerciales. Paris: Dalloz.
  • Monnet, J., & Staszak, J.-F. (2008). Le consommateur ambulant: mobilités, stratégies et services [The mobile consumer: mobilities, stratégies, services]. Espaces et sociétés, 135(4), 19–24. doi: 10.3917/esp.135.0019
  • Paris, S. (2007). Caractérisation des niveaux de services et modélisation des circulations de personnes dans les lieux d’échanges [Level of service characterization and agent circulation modelization in hubs] (PhD Report). University Rennes I, n° 3594. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/paris.pdf.
  • Peek, G.-J., & Van Hagen, M. (2002). Creating synergy in and around stations: Three strategies for adding value . Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1793(1), 1–6. doi: 10.3141/1793-01
  • Périer, M. (2003, July August). Les boutiques de gare du Nord [Gare du nord’s shops]. Revue générale des chemins de fer, 119, 23–27.
  • Perrin, P. (1998). Les commerces en gare, la valorisation commerciale. Revue générale des chemins de fer, 1998(4), 23–101. doi: 10.1016/S0035-3183(98)80334-X
  • Pięt, A. (2012). Shopping centre as a part of the contemporary railway station complex 12th International scientific conference VSU 2012, University of Structural engineering and architecture, Sofia, Bulgaria. Retrieved from https://www.vsu.bg/upload/VSU2012_Vol2-6-Piet.pdf
  • Pitsiava-Latinopoulou, M., & Iordanopoulos, P. (2012). Intermodal passengers terminals: Design standards for better level of service. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 3297–3306. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1295
  • Pouvelle, P. (1998). Les services en gare et la satisfaction de la clientèle [Station services and customer satisfaction]. Revue générale des chemins de fer, 1998(4), 15–21. doi: 10.1016/S0035-3183(98)80333-8
  • Proust, J. (1996). L'attention sélective et la trame de l'expérience dans la gare du Nord. Paris: Ecole Polytechnique Créa.
  • Ribeill, G. (1996). Les métamorphoses de la grande gare française. Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, 71, 54–65. doi: 10.3406/aru.1996.1954
  • Riot, E. (2014). A European perspective on the planning of major railway stations: Considering the cases of St Pancras Station and Paris Gare du Nord. Tranport Planning Review, 85(2), 191–202. doi: 10.3828/tpr.2014.12
  • Ropert, P. (2017) City booster les gares à l’aube d’une révolution [City booster: station’s revolution dawn]. Paris: Editions Débats Publics.
  • Ross, J. (2000). Railway stations: Planning, design and management. Oxford: Architectural Press.
  • Seto, K., Hamada, T., Minemoto, T., & Ikoma, K. (2010). Application of pedestrian flow simulation to railway station layout design: An approach based on collaboration with customers. Hitachi Review, 59(5), 234–239.
  • Shankar, V., Kleijnen, M., Ramathan, S., Rizley, R., Holland, S., & Morrissey, S. (2016). Mobile shopper marketing: Issues, current insights, and future research avenues. Journal of Interactive Marketing, under press.
  • Simpson, H. (2015, July). Retail and rail – the design challenge [Editorial]. Building Construction Design Monday.
  • SNCF, Retail&Connexions. (2016). La gare, nouvelle adresse de centre-ville [Station, new city center address], Paris, 35 p.
  • Traoré Porna, I. (2008). Systèmes temporels et rythmes urbains du complexe d’échanges de la Gare du Nord Paris: outils de compréhension de la ville du présent comme un chronotope urbain [Temporal systems and urban rythms at Gare du Nord: comprehension tools of present city as urban chronotopy], (Unpublished doctoral dissertation s). University Pierre Mendès France Grenoble - Universita Politecnico Milano.
  • Van Ingelgem, G. (2015). Se restaurer en mobilité ferroviaire: Bruxelles et ses quartiers de gare depuis 1835: Innovations, échanges, mobilités [Eating in railway mobility: Brussels and its station districts sice 1835] (Ongoing Doctoral dissertation), Vrije universitet Brussel, Université de Tours.
  • Vieilliard, F. (2006). La politique de valorisation des gares par les commerces [Station’s valorization policy by shops]. Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 152, 7–16.
  • Wilmotte, J. M., Mairie de Paris, AREP & SNCF (2016). Gare du nord Transformations 2015 -2023, 52 p.
  • Xue, C. Q. L., Ma, L., & Hui Ka, C. (2012). Indoor public space: A study of atria in mass stransit railway complexes in Hong Kong. Urban Design International, 17(2), 87–105. doi: 10.1057/udi.2012.6
  • Yamashita, Y., Uchiyana, H., & Hibino, N. (2007). A behavioral analysis of passengers’ railway station facilities. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation, 7, 808–816.
  • Zemp, S., Stauffacher, M., Lang, D. J., & Scholz, R. W. (2011). Classifying railway stations for strategic transport and land use planning: Context matters!. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(4), 670–679. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.08.008

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.