Liverpool’s European Capital of Culture legacy narrative: a selective heritage?

References

• Alasuutari, P. 2015. “The Discursive Side of New Institutionalism.” Cultural Sociology 9 (2): 162–184. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975514561805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold de Simine, S. 2012. “The ‘Moving’ Image Empathy and Projection in the International Slavery Museum, Liverpool.” Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 4 (2): 23–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2012.040203
   Google Scholar
• Audit Commission Report. 2006. Local Government Service Inspection Report. Cultural Services LCC.
   Google Scholar
• Baltà Portolés, J., V. Čopič, and A. Srakar. 2014. “Literature Review on Cultural Governance and Cities.” Kult-ur 1 (1): 183–200. doi:https://doi.org/10.6035/Kult-ur.2014.1.1.9
   Google Scholar
• Beardslee, T. 2016. “Whom Does Heritage Empower, and Whom Does it Silence? Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Jemaa el Fnaa, Marrakech.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 22 (2): 89–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2015.1037333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boland, P. 2010. “‘Capital of Culture—you Must be Having a Laugh!’ Challenging the Official Rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European Cultural Capital.” Social & Cultural Geography 11 (7): 627–645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2010.508562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carayannis, E., and D. Campbell. 2009. “‘Mode 3’ and ‘Quadruple Helix': Toward a 21st Century Fractal Innovation Ecosystem.” International Journal of Technology Management 46 (3–4): 201–234. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocks, M. 2013. “Conceptualizing the Role of Key Individuals in Urban Governance: Cases from the Economic Regeneration of Liverpool, UK.” European Planning Studies 21 (4): 575–595. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colapinto, C., and C. Porlezza. 2012. “Innovation in Creative Industries: From the Quadruple Helix Model to the Systems Theory.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy 3: 343–353. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0051-x
   Google Scholar
• Connolly, M. 2013. “The ‘Liverpool Model(s)’: Cultural Planning, Liverpool and Capital of Culture 2008.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 19 (2): 162–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2011.638982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degen, M., and M. Garcia. 2012. “The Transformation of the ‘Barcelona Model’: An Analysis of Culture, Urban Regeneration and Governance.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 36 (5): 1022–1038. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01152.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EU Commission. 2020. “European Capitals of Culture (Factsheet).” https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/default/files/2020_cult ecoc_factsheet_12.08.20_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Falk, N., and E. Hagsten. 2017. “Measuring the Impact of the European Capital of Culture Programme on Overnight Stays: Evidence for the Last two Decades.” European Planning Studies 25 (12): 2175–2191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1349738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari, S., and C. Guala. 2017. “Mega-Events and Their Legacy: Image and Tourism in Genoa, Turin and Milan.” Leisure Studies 36 (1): 119–137. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2015.1037788
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R., H. Rommetvedt, and C. Berg. 2013. “European Capitals of Culture: Elitism or Inclusion? The Case of Stavanger2008.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 19 (1): 63–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2011.600755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flew, T., and S. Cunningham. 2010. “Creative Industries After the First Decade of Debate.” The Information Society 26 (2): 113–123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240903562753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida, R. 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class: and how It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Gaillard, B., and D. Rodwell. 2015. “A Failure of Process? Comprehending the Issues Fostering Heritage Conflict in Dresden Elbe Valley and Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Sites.” The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 6 (1): 16–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/1756750515Z.00000000066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, P., and R. Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three new Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44 (5): 936–957. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00343.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, R. 2010. “What is Heritage?” In Understanding the Politics of Heritage, edited by R. Harrison, 5–42. Manchester: Manchester University Press in association with the Open University.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2001. “Heritage Pasts and Heritage Presents: Temporality, Meaning and the Scope of Heritage Studies.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 7 (4): 319–338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13581650120105534
   Google Scholar
• Heseltine Institute. 2016. The Liverpool Brand, What is it and why does it Matter? https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/publicpolicyamppractice/Liverpool,Brand,Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hesmondhalgh, D., and A. Pratt. 2005. “Cultural Industries and Cultural Policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 11: 1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630500067598
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Cultural Capital. 2014. Heritage, Pride and Place. Exploring the contribution of World Heritage Site status to Liverpool’s sense of place and future development. http://iccliverpool.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ICC-WHS-FINALREPORT.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jayne, M. 2012. “Mayors and Urban Governance: Discursive Power, Identity and Local Politics.” Social & Cultural Geography 13 (1): 29–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2011.635800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, Z. 2020. Cultural Mega-Events: Opportunities and Risks for Heritage Cities. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Z., and D. Ponzini. 2018. “Mega-events and the Preservation of Urban Heritage: Literature Gaps, Potential Overlaps, and a Call for Further Research.” Journal of Planning Literature 33 (4): 433–450. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412218779603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzeroni, M., N. Bellini, G. Cortesi, and A. Loffredo. 2013. “The Territorial Approach to Cultural Economy: New Opportunities for the Development of Small Towns.” European Planning Studies 21 (4): 452–472. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.722920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LCR. 2018. Culture and Creativity Strategy and Framework Draft for Consultation. https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/DRAFT_LCR_Culture_Creativity_Strategy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. 2016. “Event and Quality of Life: A Case Study of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture.” Applied Research Quality Life 11: 707–721. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-015-9391-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liverpool City Council. March 2018. Mayor of Liverpool Inclusive Growth Plan- A Strong and Growing City Built on Fairness. https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/inclusive-growth-plan/
   Google Scholar
• Liverpool Culture Company. 2004. The World in One City (ECoC Bid Document).
   Google Scholar
• Liverpool Echo. 2012. Liverpool Council Leader Joe Anderson says City Would Sacrifice World Heritage Status for Liverpool Waters Scheme in New Year report, Jan 2, 2012. https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-council-leader-joe-anderson-3354111
   Google Scholar
• McCann, P., and R. Ortega-Argiles. 2015. “Smart Specialization, Regional Growth and Applications to European Union Cohesion Policy.” Regional Studies 49 (8): 1291–1302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. September 2019. The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 - Statistical Release.
   Google Scholar
• Mulhearn, C., and M. Franco. 2018. “If you Build it Will They Come? The Boom in Purpose-Built Student Accommodation in Central Liverpool: Destudentification, Studentification and the Future of the City.” Local Economy 33 (5): 477–495. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094218792740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Németh, A. 2016. “European Capitals of Culture – Digging Deeper Into the Governance of the Mega-Event.” Territory, Politics, Governance 4 (1): 52–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2014.992804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oancea, A. 2011. Interpretations and Practices of Research Impact Across the Range of Disciplines Report. Oxford: Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Oancea, A., T. Florez Petour, and J. Atkinson. 2017. “Qualitative Network Analysis Tools for the Configurative Articulation of Cultural Value and Impact from Research.” Research Evaluation 26 (4): 302–315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvx014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obeng-Odoom, F. 2010. “On the Origin, Meaning, and Evaluation of Urban Governance.” Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift Norwegian Journal of Geography 66 (4): 204–212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2012.707989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, D. 2010. “‘No Cultural Policy to Speak of’ – Liverpool 2008.” Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 2 (2): 113–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2010.482271
   Google Scholar
• Öztürk, H., and P. Terhorst. 2012. “Variety of Urban Tourism Development Trajectories: Antalya, Amsterdam and Liverpool Compared.” European Planning Studies 20 (4): 665–683. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.665037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J. 1995. “Moving and shaking: business élites, state localism and urban privatism.” Progress in Human Geography 19 (1): 16–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/030913259501900102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J. 2005. “Struggling with the Creative Class.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2 (4): 740–770. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
   Google Scholar
• Perraudin, F. 2016. “Opponents of New Liverpool Tower Block are Luddites, says Mayor.” The Guardian, October 12. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/12/opponents-of-new-liverpool-tower-block-are-luddites-says-mayor
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. 1998. “Clusters and the New Economics of Competition.” Harvard Business Review 76 (6): 77–90. https://hbr.org/1998/11/clusters-and-the-new-economics-of-competition
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, A. 2010. “Creative Cities: Tensions Within and Between Social, Cultural and Economic Development. A Critical Reading of the UK Experience.” City, Culture and Society 1: 13–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2010.04.001
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, A. 2011. “The Cultural Contradictions of the Creative City.” City, Culture and Society 2 (3): 123–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2011.08.002
   Google Scholar
• Rodwell, D. 2014. “Negative impacts of World Heritage Branding: Liverpool - an unfolding tragedy?” In Between dream and reality: Debating the impact of World Heritage Listing. Primitive Tider Special Edition. edited by Hølleland, Herdis and Solheim, Steinar, 19–34. Oslo: Reprosentralen.
   Google Scholar
• Rodwell, D. 2008. “Urban Regeneration and the Management of Change.” Journal of Architectural Conservation 14 (2): 83–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2008.10785025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacco, P., G. Tavano Blessi, and M. Nuccio. 2009. “Cultural Policies and Local Planning Strategies: What Is the Role of Culture in Local Sustainable Development?” The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 39 (1): 45–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.3200/JAML.39.1.45-64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, D. 2014. “Whose World Heritage? Dresden’s Waldschlößchen Bridge and UNESCO’s Delisting of the Dresden Elbe Valley.” International Journal of Cultural Property 2: 199–223. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S094073911400006X
   Google Scholar
• Seaton, A. 2001. “Sources of Slavery-Destinations of Slavery.” International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 2 (3-4): 107–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J149v02n03_05
   Google Scholar
• Smith, L. 2006. Uses of Heritage. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Söpper, K. 2014. “Governance and Culture – a New Approach to Understanding Structures of Collaboration.” European Spatial Research and Policy 21 (1): 53–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0005
   Google Scholar
• Speake, J., and M. Pentaraki. 2017. “Living (in) the City Centre, Neoliberal Urbanism, Engage Liverpool and Citizen Engagement with Urban Change in Liverpool, UK.” Human Geographies 11 (1): 41–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2017.111.3
   Google Scholar
• Sykes, O., J. Brown, M. Cocks, D. Shaw, and C. Couch. 2013. “A City Profile of Liverpool.” Cities 35: 299–318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2018. World Heritage 42 COM (WHC/18/42.COM/7A.Add), Paris 28th May 2018. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2018/whc18-42com-7AAdd-en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Urbančíková, N. November 2018. “European Capitals of Culture: What are Their Individualities?” Theoretical & Empirical Researches in Urban Management 13 (4): 43–55.
   Google Scholar
• Wheddon, J., and J. Faubert. 2009. “Framing Experience: Concept Maps, Mind Maps, and Data Collection in Qualitative Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 8 (3): 68–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800307
   Google Scholar