References
- Abrams, E., 2017. Trump the traditionalist: a surprisingly standard foreign policy. Foreign affairs, 96 (4), 10–16.
- Applebaum, A., 2020. How China outsmarted the Trump administration [online]. The Atlantic, 8 October. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/trump-who-withdrawal-china/616475/.
- Balzacq, T., Dombrowski, P., and Reich, S., 2019. Is grand strategy a research program? A review essay. Security studies, 28 (1), 58–86.
- Banka, A., 2020. Reclaiming a good ally status: Baltic coping strategies in the America First world. European security, 30 (2), 159–177.
- Barr, W.P., 2020. Attorney General William P. Barr Delivers Keynote Address at the Department of Justice’s China Initiative Conference. 6 February 2020. Washington, DC, United States.
- BBC., 2018. ‘James Mattis’ resignation letter of full [online]. BBC, 21 December. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46644841.
- Beesley, A., 2017. James Mattis threatens to ‘moderate’ US backing for Nato over budgets [online]. Financial Times, 15 February. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/4af0377e-f3a1-11e6-95ee-f14e55513608.
- Benitez, J., 2019. U.S. NATO policy in the age of trump: controversy and consistency. The fletsher forum of world affairs, 43 (1), 179–200.
- Berindan, I., 2013. Not another ‘grand strategy’: What prospects for the future European security strategy? European security, 22 (3), 395–412.
- Bierman, N., and Lauter, D. 2017. In U.N. Speech, Trump defines his foreign policy doctrine as sovereignty for major powers [online]. Los Angeles Times, 19 September. Available from: https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-un-analysis-20170919-story.html.
- Biscop, S., 2020. An alliance of democracies: with the US or for the US? Brussels: Egmont Institute.
- Brands, H., and Cooper, Z., 2018. After the responsible stakeholder, what? debating America’s China strategy. Texas national security review, 2 (2), 68–81.
- Brattberg, E., 2020. Reinventing transatlantic relations on climate, democracy and technology. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Browne, R., 2019. Trump Administration to cut it financial contribution to NATO [online]. CNN, 28 November. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/27/politics/trump-nato-contribution-nato/index.html.
- Buzan, B., and Hansen, L., 2009. The evolution of international security studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Clarke, M., and Ricketts, A., 2017. Donald Trump and American foreign policy: the return of the Jacksonian tradition. Comparative strategy, 36 (4), 366–379.
- Cohn, G. D., McMaster, H.R., 2017. America first doesn’t mean America alone [online]. Wall Street Journal, 30 May. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-first-doesnt-mean-america-alone-1496187426.
- Congressional Research Service. 2020a. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: background and US-baltic relations. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2020a.
- Congressional Research Service. 2020b. Iran sanctions. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
- Congressional Research Service. 2021. The European Deterrence initiative: a budgetary overview. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
- Council of the European Union. 2019. Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Brussels: Council of the European Union.
- David, B. and FitzGerald, D., 2020. U.S. pushing effort to develop 5G alternative to Huawei [online]. Wall Street Journal, 4 February. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-pushing-effort-to-develop-5g-alternative-to-huawei-11580831592.
- Delcker, J., 2020. Politico Brussels playbook: privacy in the pandemic era – Germany’s Huawei headache – SPD telenova [online]. Politico, 21 August. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/brussels-playbook/politico-brussels-playbook-privacy-in-the-pandemic-era-germanys-huawei-headache-spd-telenovela/.
- Dombrowski, P., and Reich, S., 2017. Does Donald Trump have a grand strategy? International affairs, 93 (5), 1013–1037.
- Drezner, D., Krebs, R., and Schweller, R., 2021. The end of grand strategy: America must think small. Foreign affairs, 99, 107–117.
- Ettinger, A., 2020. Principled realism and populist sovereignty in Trump’s foreign policy. Cambridge review of international affairs, 33 (3), 410–431.
- European Leadership Network. 2020. ELN group statement: appeal for the US government to extend new START. European Leadership Network.
- Feaver, P., 2011. Myths about American grand strategy. Foreign policy, 23 November. Available from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/11/23/8-myths-about-american-grand-strategy/.
- Gaskarth, J., 2015. Strategy in a complex world. The RUSI journal, 160 (6), 4–11.
- Geddes, B., 1990. How the cases you choose affect the answers you get: selection bias in comparative politics. Political analysis, 2, 131–150.
- George, A.L., 2019. Case studies and theory development: the method of structured, focused comparison. In: D. Caldwell, ed. Alexander L. George: a pioneer in political and social sciences. Cham: Springer, 191–214.
- Glasser, S., 2017. Trump national security team blindsided by NATO speech [online]. Politico, 5 June. Available from: https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/05/trump-nato-speech-national-security-team-215227.
- Goldberg, J., 2018. A senior white house official defines the Trump doctrine: ‘We’re America, Bitch’ [online]. The Atlantic, 11 July. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/06/a-senior-white-house-official-defines-the-trump-doctrine-were-america-bitch/562511/.
- Gove, M., 2017. Donald Trump interview: Brexit will be a great thing [online]. The Times, 15 January. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/donald-trump-interview-brexit-britain-trade-deal-europe-queen-5m0bc2tns.
- Grygiel, J., 2012. The faulty logic of the European Union & its consequences for the United States. Orbis, 56 (4), 517–529.
- Grygiel, J., 2016. The return of Europe's nation-states: the upside to the EU's crisis. Foreign affairs, 95 (5), 94–101.
- Grygiel, J., and Mitchell, W., 2017. The unquiet frontier: rising rivals, vulnerable allies, and the crisis of American power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Hazony, Y., 2018. The virtue of nationalism. New York: Basic Books.
- Heisbourg, F., 2020. NATO 4.0.: The Altantic alliance and the rise of China. Survival, 62 (2), 83–102.
- Hernandez, A., 2020. US crusade against ‘Putin’s pipeline’ intensifies [online]. Politico, 5 June. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/nord-stream-2-battle-between-u-s-and-russia-intensifies/.
- Herszenhorn, D., 2019. Trump seeks to split EU as fight intensifies over Iran nuclear deal [online]. Politico, 18 January. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-iran-nuclear-deal-seeks-to-split-eu-as-fight-intensifies/.
- Hill, M., and Hurst, S., 2020. The Trump presidency: continuity and change in US foreign policy. Global affairs, 6 (1), 1–3.
- Hillison, J., 2019. The potential and pitfalls of a zero-Sum grand strategy. Orbis, 63 (2), 240–259.
- Hinshaw, D. and Lucey, C., 2019. Pence asserts US support for Poland at ceremony marking start of World War II [online]. Wall Street Journal, 1 September. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/pence-asserts-u-s-support-for-poland-at-ceremony-marking-start-of-world-war-ii-11567352502.
- Hopkins, V., 2019. US moves to pull central and eastern Europe out of China-Russia orbit [online]. Financial Times, 11 February. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/52bc0cca-2e24-11e9-8744-e7016697f225.
- Hutchinson, K., 2018. March 9, 2018: ambassador Hutchison at the Brussels forum. Brussels: U.S. Mission to NATO.
- Ikenberry, J., 2012. Liberal leviathan: the origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Ikenberry, J., 2017. The plot against American foreign policy? Can the liberal order survive? Foreign affairs, 93 (2), 2–9.
- Ikenberry, J., 2019. After victory: institutions, strategic restraint, and the rebuilding of order After major wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Jervis, R., 1999. Realism, neoliberalism, and cooperation: understanding the debate. International security, 24 (1), 42–63.
- Jervis, R., 2003. Understanding the Bush doctrine. Political science quarterly, 118 (3), 365–388.
- Jungmittag, A., and Welfens, P., 2020. EU-US trade post-trump perspectives: TTIP aspects related to foreign direct investment and innovation. International economics and economic policy, 17 (1), 259–294.
- Kandel, M., 2020. Le conservatisme national américain. Le debat, 1, 30–41.
- Kaussler, B., Kristiansen, L.J., and Delbert, J., 2020. Rethoric and governance under trump: proclamations from the bullshit pulpit. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Kendall-Taylor, A., and Rizzo, R., 2019. The US or China? Europe needs to pick a side [online]. Politico, 12 August. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/12/us-china-europe-relations-227614.
- Keohane, R., 1984. After hegemony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Krishnadev, C., 2017. Trump’s undermining of Rex Tillerson [online]. The Atlantic, 1 October. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/trump-tweets-north-korea/541668/.
- Kundnani, H., 2017. Donald Trump’s ‘east asianisation’ of Europe. London: RUSI.
- Lanoszka, A., and Simon, L., 2021. A military drawdown in Germany? US force posture in Europe from Trump to Biden. The Washington quarterly, 44 (1), 199–218.
- Layne, C., 1998. Rethinking American grand strategy: hegemony or balance of power in the twenty-first century? World policy journal, 15 (2), 8–28.
- Le Chaffotec, B., 2018. Paix armée et approche transactionnelle: quelle politique de défense américaine sous Donald Trump? Le Champs de Mars, 30 (1), 147–156.
- Liptak, K. 2017., Trump welcomes Merkel after bashing her on campaign trail [online]. CNN, 17 March. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/16/politics/angela-merkel-donald-trump-washington-visit/index.html.
- Lissner, R., 2018. What is grand strategy? sweeping a conceptual minefield. Texas National Security review, 2 (1), 52–73.
- Lobell, S., 2003. The challenge of hegemony: grand strategy, trade and domestic politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Lopinot, Q., 2018. American withdrawal from the INF Treaty: What Consequences for Europe’s Defense? Paris: Institute Montaigne.
- Luttwak, E., 2009. The grand strategy of the byzantine empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Marson, J., 2020. NATO, faced with limited options, looks to ease Greece-Turkey tensions [online]. Wall Street Journal, 28 August. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/nato-faced-with-limited-options-looks-to-ease-greece-turkey-tensions-11598627668.
- Mastanduno, M., 2020. A grand strategic transition? Obama, Trump and the Asia Pacific political economy. In: O. Turner, and I. Parmar, eds. The United States in the Indo-Pacific: Obama’s legacy and the Trump transition. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 177–192.
- McMaster, H.R., 2018. Remarks by LTG H.R. McMaster at the Munich security conference. Washington, DC: National Security Council.
- Mead, W.R., 2019. Trump’s case against Europe [online]. The Wall Street Journal, 3 June. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-case-against-europe-11559602940.
- Mead, W.R., 2020. The thinking behind Trump’s troop cut in Germany [online]. The Wall Street Journal. 10 June. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-thinking-behind-trumps-troop-cut-in-germany-11591807587.
- Mead, W.R., 2021. The End of the Wilsonian era: why liberal internationalism failed. Foreign affairs, 100 (1), 123–137.
- Mitchell, W., 2018. The transatlantic bond: preserving the west. Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation.
- Muller, P., 2005. Esquisse d'une théorie du changement dans l'action publique. Revue française de science politique, 55 (1), 155–187.
- Narizny, K., 2007. The political economy of grand strategy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Noland, M., 2019. US trade policy in the Trump administration. Asian economic policy review, 13 (2), 262–278.
- Office of the United States President. 2017. National security strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: Office of the United States President.
- Panagariya, A., 2018. By invoking national security clause, Donald Trump goes for nuclear option in trade war [online]. Economic Times, 22 August. Available from: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/by-invoking-national-security-clause-donald-trump-goes-for-nuclear-option-in-trade-war/articleshow/65497966.cms.
- Pannier, A., 2017. From one exceptionalism to another: France’s strategic relations with the United States and the United Kingdom in the post-Cold War era. Journal of strategic studies, 40 (4), 475–504.
- Pisani-Ferry, J. 2018. Is Europe America’s friend or foe? Brussels: Bruegel.
- Pompeo, M., 2018. Restoring the role of the nation-state in the liberal international order. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Pompeo, M., 2019. A foreign policy from the founding. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Pompeo, M., 2020aa. Secretary Pompeo Remarks to Press at U.S. embassy Budapest. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Pompeo, M., 2020b. Communist China and the free world’s future. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Pompeo, M., 2020c. A new transatlantic dialogue. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Popescu, I.C., 2018. Grand strategy vs. emergent strategy in the conduct of foreign policy. Journal of strategic studies, 41 (3), 438–460.
- Reich, S., and Dombrowski, S., 2017. The end of grand strategy: US maritime operations in the twenty-first century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Restad, H.E., 2019. Whither ‘the city upon a hill’? Donald Trump, America first, and American exceptionalism. Texas National Security review, 3 (1), 62–93.
- Sanger, David and Haberman, Maggie., 2016. Donald Trump sets conditions for defending NATO allies against attack [online]. New York Times, 20 July. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html.
- Schake, K., 2002. Constructive duplication: reducing EU reliance on US military assets. London: Centre for European Reform.
- Schmidt, V., and Radaelli, C., 2004. Policy change and discourse in Europe: conceptual and methodological issues. West European politics, 27 (2), 183–210.
- Shevin-Coetzee, M., 2019. The European deterrence initiative. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
- Shifrinson, J., 2018. Sound and fury, signifying something? NATO and the Trump administration’s second year. H-Diplo/ISSF Policy Series: America and World–2017 and Beyond.
- Shifrinson, J., 2020. Eastbound and down: the United States, NATO enlargement, and suppressing the Soviet and Western European alternatives, 1990–1992. Journal of strategic studies, 43 (6–7), 816–846.
- Silove, N., 2018. Beyond the buzzword: the three meanings of “Grand strategy”. Security studies, 27 (1), 27–57.
- Simon, L., 2013. Geopolitical change, grand strategy and European strategy: The EU-NATO Conondrum. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
- Simon, L., Desmaele, L., and Becker, J., 2021. Europe as a secondary theater? Competition with China and the future of America’s European strategy. Strategic studies quarterly, 15 (1), 90–115.
- Small, A., 2019. Transatlantic cooperation on Asia and the Trump Administration. Washington, DC: German Marshall Fund.
- Sperling, J., and Webber, M., 2019. Trump’s foreign policy and NATO: exit and voice. Review of international studies, 45 (3), 511–526.
- Sullivan, E., Haberman, M. and Ewing, J., 2018. Trump renews attacks on NATO and trade imbalances [online]. New York Times, 12 November. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/trump-nato-trade.html.g
- Taylor, A., 2019. John Bolton promises Britain will be ‘front of the trade queue’ after Brexit, says E.U., treats citizens like ‘peasants’ [online]. Washington Post, 13 August. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/john-bolton-promises-britain-will-befront-of-the-trade-queue-after-brexit-says-eu-treats-citizens-likepeasants/2019/08/13/df4b7ac2-bdad-11e9-aff2-3835caab97f6_story.html.
- Trofimov, Y., Hinshaw, D., and O’Keeffe, K., 2020. How China is taking over international organizations, one vote at a time [online]. Wall Street Journal, 29 September. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-is-taking-over-international-organizations-one-vote-at-a-time-11601397208.
- Trump, D., 2018. Remarks by President Trump to the 73rd Session of the United Nations General assembly. Washington, DC: Office of The United States President.
- Trump, D., 2019a. Remarks by President Trump to the 74th Session of the United Nations General assembly. Washington, DC: Office of The United States President.
- Trump, D., 2019b. Remarks by President Trump and Prime Minister Orban of Hungary before bilateral meeting. Washington, DC: Office of The United States President.
- Trump, D., 2020. Read President Trump’s speech on coronavirus pandemic: full transcript [online]. New York Times, 11 May. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-speech.html.
- Trump, D., and Zanker, B., 2007. Think big and kick ass in business and life. New York: Harper Collins.
- UK Government. 2017. Declaration by the Heads of State and Government of France, Germany and the United Kingdom. London: UK Government, 2017.
- United States Trade Representative. 2020. USTR issues report on the WTO appellate body. Washington, DC: Office of the United States Trade Representative.
- US Department of Defense. 2018a. Summary of the 2018 national defense strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.
- US Department of Defense, 2018b. Nuclear posture review. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.
- US Department of Defense, 2018c. US Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.
- US Department of Defense, 2019. Missile defense review. Washinton, DC: US Department of Defense.
- US Department of Defense, 2020. Defense space strategy summary. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.
- US Department of State. 2020. U.S. Security Cooperation with the Baltic States. Washington, DC: US Department of State.
- Walt, S., 2021. China wants a ‘rules-based international order’, too. Foreign policy, 31 March. Available from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/31/china-wants-a-rules-based-international-order-too/.
- Wemer, D., 2020. Defense Secretary unveils a new strategy for bolstering allies and partnerships in an era of great-power competition. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.
- Wintour, P., 2020. Germany confirms Trump made trade threat to Europe over Iran policy [online]. The Guardian, 16 January. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/16/iran-says-it-is-enriching-more-uranium-than-before-nuclear-deal.
- Wolf, R., 2017. Donald trump’s status-driven foreign policy. Survival, 59 (5), 99–116.
- Woodward, B., 2019. Fear: Trump in the White House. New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Wright, T., 2020. Pompeo’s surreal speech on China. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
- Zenko, M. and Lissner, R. 2020. This is what America looks like without grand strategy. Foreign policy.