358
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Bridging Copenhagen and Paris: how Hungarian police accept anti-immigrant discourse

ORCID Icon
Pages 597-616 | Received 21 Jun 2021, Accepted 13 Dec 2021, Published online: 26 Dec 2021

References

  • AIDA. 2020. Country report: Hungary. Available from: https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AIDA-HU_2020update.pdf.
  • Austin, J.L., 1976. How to do things with words. Oxford: OUP.
  • Balla, J., 2017. Határőrizeti intézkedések a migrációs válság kezelésére és megszüntetésére. In: P. Tálas, ed. Magyarország és a 2015-ös európai migrációs válság: Tanulmányok. Budapest: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 83–100.
  • Balzacq, T., 2005. The three faces of securitization: political agency, audience and context. European Journal of international relations, 11 (2), 171–201.
  • Balzacq, T., Léonard, S., and Ruzicka, J., 2016. ‘Securitization’ revisited: theory and cases. International relations, 30 (4), 494–531.
  • Bar-Tal, D., 2000. Shared beliefs in a society. London: Sage.
  • Bayer, L., and Tamma, P. 2020. Demise of Hungary’s media exposes Brussel’s weakness, Politico [online]. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/brussels-looks-on-powerless-at-hungarian-media-demise-viktor-orban/ [Accessed 3 August 2020].
  • Beare, M.E., 2007. Steeped in politics: the ongoing history of politics in policing. In: M.E. Beare and T. Murray, eds. Police and government relations: who’s calling the shots? London: University of Toronto Press, 313–365.
  • Bello, V., 2020a. The spiralling of the securitisation of migration in the EU: from the management of a ‘crisis’ to a governance of human mobility? Journal of ethnic and migration studies, DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851464.
  • Bello, V., 2020b. The role of non-state actors’ cognitions in the spiralling of the securitisation of migration: prejudice, narratives and Italian CAS reception centres. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851472.
  • Bevir, M., 2016. Decentering security governance. Global crime, 17 (3–4), 227–239.
  • Bevir, M., and Krupicka, B., 2007. Police reform, governance and democracy. In: M O’Neill, M Marks, and AM Singh, eds. Police occupational culture: new debates and directions. Oxford: Elsevier, 153–180.
  • Bevir, M., and Rhodes, R.A.W., 2016. The ‘3Rs’ in rethinking governance: ruling, rationalities, and resistance. In: M. Bevir and R.A.W. Rhodes, eds. Rethinking governance: ruling, rationalities and resistance. Abingdon: Routledge, 1–21.
  • Bigo, D., 2000. When two become one: internal and external securitisations in Europe. In: M. Kelstrup and M.C. Williams, eds. International relations theory and the politics of European Integration: power, security and community. London: Routledge, 171–204.
  • Bigo, D., 2001. Internal and external security(ies): the Möbius Ribbon. In: M. Albert, D. Jacobson, and Y Lapid, eds. Identities, borders, orders: rethinking international relations theory. Minneapolis: UMP, 91–116.
  • Bigo, D., 2005. Frontier controls in the European Union: who is in control? In: D. Bigo and E. Guild, eds. Controlling frontiers: free movements into and within Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, 49–99.
  • Bigo, D., 2008. Globalized (in)security: the field and the Ban-opticon. In: D. Bigo and A. Tsoukala, eds. Terror, Insecurity and Liberty: illiberal practices of liberal regimes after 9/11. London: Routledge, 10–48.
  • Bigo, D., 2011. Pierre Bourdieu and international relations: power of practices. practices of power. International political sociology, 5, 225–258.
  • Bigo, D., 2014. The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/Navy – border guards/police – database analysts. Security dialogue, 45 (3), 209–225.
  • Bigo, D., 2016. Rethinking security at the crossroad of international relations and criminology. British Journal of criminology, 56, 1068–1086.
  • Bigo, D., and Tsoukala, A., 2008. Understanding (in)security. In: D Bigo and A Tsoukala, eds. Terror, insecurity and liberty: illiberal practices of liberal regimes after 9/11. Abingdon: Routledge, 1–10.
  • Björkvall, A., and Nyström Höög, C., 2019. Legitimation of value practices, value texts, and core values at public authorities. Discourse & communication, 13 (4), 398–414.
  • Borbély, Zs, Farkas, J., and Tőzsér, E., 2017. A tömeges méretű illegális migráció pszichés következményei a rendészeti feladatellátás során. Hadtudományi szemle, X (3), 288–304.
  • Borbély, Zs, Fridrich, A.C., and Tőzsér, E., 2018. Az ideiglenes biztonsági határzár menti feladatellátás hatása a határzárat védők magánéletére. Honvédségi szemle, 6, 65–79.
  • Bors, 2015. Tűz mellett szárítják bakancsukat a határmenti rendőrök. Available from: https://www.borsonline.hu/aktualis/tuz-mellett-szaritjak-bakancsukat-a-hatarmenti-rendorok/104832 [Accessed.28 October 2015]
  • Bourbeau, P., 2011. The securitization of migration: a study of movement and order. London: Routledge.
  • Buzan, B., Waever, O., and De Wilde, J., 1998. Security: a new framework for analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.
  • Ceyhan, A., and Tsoukala, A., 2002. The securitisation of migration in Western societies: ambivalent discourses and policies. Alternatives, 27, 21–39.
  • Chan, J., 1997. Changing police culture: policing in a multicultural society. Cambridge: CUP.
  • Chan, J., 2001. Negotiating the field: new observations on the making of police officers. Australian and New Zealand Journal of criminology, 34 (2), 114–133.
  • Chan, J., 2004. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s framework for understanding police culture. Droit et société, 1, 327–347.
  • Chan, J., 2007. Making sense of police reforms. Theoretical criminology, 11 (3), 323–345.
  • Charman, S., 2017. Police socialisation, identity and culture: becoming blue. London: Palgrave.
  • Christián, L., 2017. “Rendőri helyzetjelentés a frontvonalról”. A 2015 évi migrációs helyzet rendőri kezelése. In: P. Tálas, ed. Magyarország és a 2015-ös európai migrációs válság: tanulmányok. Budapest: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 149–158.
  • Ciutá, F., 2009. Security and the problem of context: a hermeneutical critique of securitisation theory. Review of International studies, 35, 301–326.
  • CPT. 2018. Report to the Hungarian government on the visit to Hungary carried out by the European, Strasbourg. Available from: http://www.refworld.org/docid/5ba213d17.html [Accessed 18 September 2018].
  • Côté, A., 2016. Agents without agency: assessing the role of the audience in securitization theory. Security dialogue, 47 (6), 541–558.
  • Côté-Boucher, K., Infantino, F., and Salter, M.B., 2014. Border security as practice: an agenda for research. Security dialogue, 45 (3), 195–208.
  • Côté-Boucher, K., 2020. Border frictions: gender, generation and technology on the frontline. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Crepaz, K., 2020. Overcoming borders: the Europeanization of civil society activism in the ‘refugee crisis’. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851471.
  • Davies, A., and Thomas, R., 2003. Talking Cop: discourses of change and policing identities. Public administration, 81 (4), 681–699.
  • Doros, J., and Vas, A., 2019. Nem csábít a szolgálat: drasztikusan csökkent a rendőrök utánpótlása. Népszava [online]. Available from: https://nepszava.hu/3026500_nem-csabit-a-szolgalat-drasztikusan-csokkent-a-rendorok-utanpotlasa [Accessed 22 February 2019]
  • Dsupin, O., and Kónya, J., 2017. A Jelenlegi Határvadászok Toborzása és Képzése. In: L. Pósán, L. Veszprémy, J. Boda, and J. Isaszegi, eds. Őrzők, vigyázzatok a határra! Határvédelem, határőrizet, határvadászok a középkortól napjainkig. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó, 769–792.
  • Floyd, R., 2016. Extraordinary or ordinary emergency measures: what, and who, defines the ‘success’ of securitization? Cambridge review of international affairs, 29 (2), 677–694.
  • Frowd, P.M., 2014. The field of border control in Mauritania. Security dialogue, 45 (3), 226–241.
  • Ganapathy, N., and Cheong, H., 2016. The “thinning” blueline: a Bourdieuian appreciation of police subculture. International journal of comparative and applied criminal justice, 40 (4), 325–342.
  • Gau, J.M., and Gaines, D.C., 2012. Top-down management and patrol officers’ attitudes about the importance of public order maintenance: a research note. Police quarterly, 15 (1), 45–61.
  • Guild, E., 2009. Security and migration in the 21st century. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Gyollai, D. under review. Border control reinterpreted: collective memory and the narrative self.
  • Gyollai, D., and Korkut, U. 2019. Border management and migration controls: Hungary report, RESPOND Working Papers. July 2019. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3266442
  • Hansen, L., 2006. Security as practice: discourse analysis and the Bosnian War. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Haszán, Z. 2020. SI-mértékegységet kellene kitalálni a migrációs nyomásnak, névjavaslatunk már van, 14 February 2020, 444.hu. Available from: https://444.hu/2020/02/14/si-mertekegyseget-kellene-kitalalni-a-migracios-nyomasnak-nevjavaslatunk-mar-van.
  • HRW. 2016. Hungary: migrants abused at the border, ensure asylum access; investigate cruel, violent pushbacks. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/07/13/hungary-migrants-abused-border [Accessed 13 July 2016].
  • HRW. 2021. Frontex failing to protect people at EU borders: stronger safeguards vital as Border Agency expands. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/23/frontex-failing-protect-people-eu-borders [Accessed 23 June 2021].
  • Huysmans, J., 2006. The politics of insecurity. London: Routledge.
  • Kalmárné Pölöskei, A. 2018. Rendvédelmi szervek és alapfeladatok: Rendészeti ismeretek középiskolások számára [online]. Available from: http://bmkszf.hu/dokumentum/2717/Rendvedelmi_szervek_es_alapfeladatok_Rendeszeti_ismeretek.pdf.
  • Krémer, F., 2013. A rendőrség Orbán Viktor maffiaállamában. Mozgó világ, 39 (11), 33–40.
  • Krémer, F., 2020. Az élhető társadalom és a rendőrség válsága. Budapest: Gondolat.
  • Léonard, S., and Kaunert, C., 2020. The securitisation of migration in the European Union: frontex and its evolving security practices. Journal of ethnic and migration studies. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851469
  • Loader, I., 1997. Policing and the social: questions of symbolic power. British journal of sociology, 48 (1), 1–18.
  • Loader, I., and Mulcahy, A., 2003. Policing and the condition of England: memory, politics and culture. Oxford: OUP.
  • Lőrincz, T. 2017. Arcba térdeplő rendőr és könnygáz a déli határon. Magyar Nemzet, Available from: https://magyarnemzet.hu/belfold-archivum/2017/03/arcba-terdeplo-rendor-es-konnygaz-a-deli-hataron [Accessed 16, March 2017].
  • Manning, P.K., 2008. Democratic policing in the changing world. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Martín Rojo, L., and Van Dijk, T.A., 1997. “There was a problem, and it was solved!”: legitimating the expulsion of ‘illegal’ migrants in Spanish parliamentary discourse. Discourse & society, 8 (4), 523–566.
  • McDonald, M., 2008. Securitization and the construction of security. European journal of international relations, 14 (4), 563–587.
  • McNevin, A., 2014. Beyond territoriality: rethinking human mobility, border security and geopolitical space from the Indonesian island of Bintan. Security dialogue, 45 (3), 295–310.
  • Mendelski, B., 2019. The rhetoric of Hungarian Premier Victor Orban: inside X outside in the context of immigration crisis. In: S Ratuva, ed. The Palgrave handbook of ethnicity. Singapore: Palgrave, 1829–1852.
  • Mustafa-Awad, Z., and Kirner-Ludwig, M., 2021. Syrian refugees in digital news discourse: depictions and reflections in Germany. Discourse & communication, 15 (1), 75–97.
  • Nagy, B., 2016. Hungarian asylum law and policy in 2015–2016: securitization instead of loyal cooperation. German law journal, 17 (6), 1033–1081.
  • Oberweis, T., and Musheno, M., 1999. Policing identities: Cop decision making and the constitution of citizens. Law and social inquiry, 24 (4), 897–923.
  • Orbán, V. 2017a. Prime Minister Viktor Orban’s speech at the oath-taking ceremony for non-commissioned police officer. Available from: https://2015-2019.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/the-prime-minister-s-speeches/prime-minister-viktor-orban-s-speech-at-the-oath-taking-ceremony-for-non-commissioned-police-officers [Accessed 18 June 2017].
  • Orbán, V. 2017b. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s speech at the oath-taking ceremony for police cadets. Budapest. Available from: http://abouthungary.hu/speeches-and-remarks/prime-minister-viktor-orbans-speech-at-the-oath-taking-ceremony-for-police-cadets/ [Accessed 9 October 2017].
  • Orbán, V., 2019a. Viktor Orbán’s speech at the ceremonial swearing-in of new border hunters. Budapest . Available at: https://2015-2019.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/the-prime-minister-s-speeches/viktor-orban-s-speech-at-the-ceremonial-swearing-in-of-new-border-hunters [Accessed 7, March 2019].
  • Orbán, V. 2019b. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s speech at the passing out ceremony for law enforcement cadets from the National University of Public Service. Available from: https://2015-2019.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/the-prime-minister-s-speeches/prime-minister-viktor-orban-s-speech-at-the-passing-out-ceremony-for-law-enforcement-cadets-from-the-national-university-of-public-service [Accessed 1 July 2019].
  • Page, J., 2011. The toughest beat: politics, punishment, and the Prison Officers Union in California. New York, NY: OUP.
  • Palonen, E., 2018. Performing the nation: the Janus-faced populist foundations of illiberalism in Hungary. Journal of contemporary European studies, 26 (3), 308–321.
  • Pintér, S., 2017. Belügyminiszteri Ajánló. In: L. Pósán, L. Veszprémy, J. Boda, and J. Isaszegi, eds. Őrzők, vigyázzatok a határra! Határvédelem, határőrizet, határvadászok a középkortól napjainkig. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó, 7.
  • Reiner, R., 2010. The politics of the police. Oxford: OUP.
  • Reyes, A., 2011. Strategies of legitimization in political discourse: from words to actions. Discourse & society, 22 (6), 781–807.
  • Robinson, C., 2017. Tracing and explaining securitization: social mechanisms, process tracing, and the securitization of irregular migration. Security dialogue. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010617721872.
  • Roe, P., 2008. Actor, audience(s) and emergency measures: securitization and the UK’s decision to invade Iraq. Security dialogue, 39 (6), 615–635.
  • Salter, M.B., 2008. Securitization and desecuritization: a dramaturgical analysis of the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority. Journal of international relations and development, 11, 321–349.
  • Salter, M.B., and Piché, G., 2011. The securitization of the US-Canada border in American political discourse. Canadian journal of political science, 44 (4), 929–951.
  • Schwell, A., 2010. The iron curtain revisited: the ‘Austrian way’ of policing the internal Schengen border. European security, 19 (2), 317–336.
  • Schwell, A., 2014. Compensating (in)security: anthropological perspectives on internal security. In: M. Maguire, C. Frois, and N. Zurawski, eds. The anthropology of security: perspectives from the frontline of policing, counter-terrorism and border control. London: Pluto Press, 83–103.
  • Sereghy, Z., 2017. Islamophobia in Hungary: National Report 2016. In: E Bayrakli and F Hafez, eds. European Islamophobia Report 2016. Istanbul: SETA, 257–272.
  • Simonovits, B., 2020. The public perception of the migration crisis from the Hungarian point of view: evidence from the field. In: B. Glorius and J. Doomernik, eds. Geographies of asylum in Europe and the role of European localities. Cham: Springer, 155–176.
  • Sklansky, D.A., 2007. Seeing blue: police reform, occupational culture and cognitive burn-in. In: M. O’Neill, M. Marks, and A.M. Singh, eds. Police occupational culture: new debates and directions. Oxford: Elsevier, 19–46.
  • Skogan, W.G., 2008. Why reforms fail. Policing and society, 18 (1), 23–34.
  • Smith-Khan, L., 2021. Deficiencies and loopholes: clashing discourses, problems and solutions in Australian migration advice regulation. Discourse & society, 32 (5), 598–621.
  • Sossin, L., 2007. The oversight of executive-police relations in Canada: the constitutions, the courts, administrative processes, and democratic governance. In: M.E. Beare and T. Murray, eds. Police and government relations: who’s calling the shots? London: University of Toronto Press, 96–136.
  • Stritzel, H., 2007. Towards a theory of securitization: Copenhagen and beyond. European journal of international relations, 13 (3), 357–383.
  • Szalai, A. 2017. Securitization as enacted melodrama: the political spectacle of the Hungarian anti-immigration campaign, ECPR General Conference 2017, University of Oslo.
  • Szalai, A., and Gőbl, G. 2015. Securitizing Migration in Contemporary Hungary, CEU Center for EU Enlargement Studies Working paper. November 2015.
  • Tsoukala, A., 2005. Looking at migrants as enemies. In: D. Bigo and E. Guild, eds. Controlling frontiers: free movements into and within Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, 161–192.
  • Van Dijk, T.A., 2014. Discourse and knowledge: a sociocognitive approach. Cambridge: CUP.
  • Van Dijk, T.A., 2015. Critical discourse studies: a sociocognitive approach. In: R. Wodak and M. Meyer, eds. Methods of critical discourse studies. London: Sage, 62–85.
  • Van Leeuwen, T., and Wodak, R., 1999. Legitimizing immigration control: a discourse-historical analysis. Discourse studies, 1 (1), 83–118.
  • Van Rythoven, E., 2015. Learning to feel, learning to fear? Emotions, imaginaries, and limits in the politics of securitization. Security dialogue, 46 (5), 458–475.
  • Varga, J., 2016. A magyar határrendészeti rendszer működése a tömeges méretű migráció kezelése során. Határrendészeti Tanulmányok, XIII (3), 94–108.
  • Vidra, Zs, 2017. Dominant Islamophobic narratives. Hungary: University of Leeds, Centre for Ethnicity & Racism Studies.
  • Vuori, J.A., 2008. Illocutionary logic and strands of securitisation: applying the theory of securitisation to the study of non-democratic political orders. European journal of international relations, 14 (1), 65–99.
  • Weldes, J., 1996. Constructing national interests. European journal of international relations, 2 (3), 275–318.
  • Williams, M.C., 1997. The institutions of security: elements of a theory of security organisation. Cooperation and conflict, 32 (3), 287–307.
  • Wodak, R., and Meyer, M., 2015. Critical discourse studies: history, agenda, theory, and methodology. In: R. Wodak and M Meyer, eds. Methods of critical discourse studies. London: Sage, 1–22.
  • Wood, J., 2004. Cultural change in the governance of security. Policing and society, 14 (1), 31–48.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.