References
- Allen, R. 2002. “Acquiring English: Schools Seek Ways to Strengthen Language Learning.” Curriculum Update, ASCD, 1–8.
- Baines, E. K. 2017. Vulnerable Bodies: Gender, the UN and the Global Refugee Crisis. New York: Routledge.
- Berry, M., I. Garcia-Blanco, and K. Moore. 2015. “Press Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant crisis in the EU: A Content Analysis of Five European Countries.” Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/56bb369c9/press-coverage-refugee-migrant-crisis-eu-content-analysis-five-european.html.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. 1977. “Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development.” American Psychologist 32 (7): 513.
- Camilleri, M. J., and F. O. Hampson. 2018. “No Strangers at the Gate: Collective Responsibility and a Region’s Response to the Venezuelan Refugee and Migration Crisis”. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/NoStrangersatGate.pdf.
- Cardno, C. 2018. “Policy Document Analysis: A Practical Educational Leadership Tool and a Qualitative Research Method.” Educational Administration: Theory and Practice 24 (4): 623–640. Accessed October 7. 2019. https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/4576/PDF_Cardno_C._Policy_document_analysis_paper.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
- Caribbean National Weekly. 2019. “Trinidad President Says Venezuelan Migrants Prompt Racism in Trinidad.” July 16. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/caribbean-breaking-news-featured/trinidad-president-says-venezuelan-migrants-prompt-racism-in-trinidad/.
- Clawson, H. J., and N. Dutch. 2008. Addressing the Needs of Victims of Human Trafficking: Challenges, Barriers, and Promising Practices. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.
- Cornell University Library. 2019. “Critically Analyzing Information Sources: Critical Appraisal and Analysis.” Cornell University Library. Accessed December 2, 2019. https://guides.library.cornell.edu/critically_analyzing.
- Dryden-Peterson, S. 2015. The Educational Experiences of Refugee Children in Countries of First Asylum. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute responsibility-and-regions-response-Venezuelan-refugee.
- Doodnath, A. 2019. “Horrific Stories of Abuse as Refugees Submit Petition to Gov't.” LoopTT News (18 January), available from: (accessed July 9, 2021).
- Elo, S., and H. Kyngas. 2008. “The Qualitative Content Analysis Process.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 62 (1): 107–115.
- Fazel, M., and A. Stein. 2002. “The Mental Health of Refugee Children.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 87 (5): 366–370.
- Fazel, M., and A. Stein. 2003. “Mental Health of Refugee Children: Comparative Study.” BMJ 327 (7407): 134.
- Ghouralal, D. 2019. “Garcia: Educating T&T Nationals Govt’s Priority.” T&T News Loop, June 6. Accessed October 10, 2019. http://www.looptt.com/content/garcia-educating-tt nationals-govts-priority.
- Goodman, S., A. Sirriyeh, and S. McMahon. 2017. “The Evolving (Re) Categorisations of Refugees Throughout the Refugee/Migrant Crisis.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 27 (2): 105–114.
- GORTT. 2017. National Development Strategy 2016-2030: Vision 2030. Ministry of Planning & Development. 2017. Accessed October 16, 2019. http://www/planning.gov.tt/content/vision-2030.
- GORTT. 2019. Budget Statement 2020. Accessed October 16, 2019. https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/BUDGET-STATEMENT-2020.pdf.
- International Organization for Migration. 2018. “Monitoring Venezuelan Citizens Presence: Trinidad and Tobago Round I.” Accessed April 18, 2019. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/DRAFT_TT_REPORT_SEP2018_201810291833.pdf.
- Joint Select Committee on Human Rights, Equality and Diversity. 2020. “Inquiry into the Treatment of Migrants with specific focus on Rights to Education, Employment and Protection from Sexual Exploitation (2019-2020).” Port-of Spain: Office of the Parliament. http://www.ttparliament.org/reports/p11-s5-J-20200701-HRED-R18.pdf.
- Kamath, V. G., and A. P. Hegde. 2017. “Role of Micro-and Mesosystems in Shaping an Adolescent.” Journal of Nepal Pediatric Society 37 (2).
- Kanu, Y. 2008. “Educational Needs and Barriers for African Refugee Students in Manitoba.” Canadian Journal of Education 31 (4): 915–940.
- Kerigan, D. 2015. “Transnational Anti-Black Racism and State Violence in Trinidad.” Cultural Anthropology Online. Fieldsights – Hot Spots. Accessed September 24, 2019. http://culanth.org/fieldsights/692-transnational-anti-black-racismand-state-violence-in-trinidad.
- Khan, R. 2019. “ITNAC Opens School for Migrant Children … But Needs More Resources.” Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, August 6. Accessed October 5, 2019. http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/itnac-opens-school-for-migrant-children-6.2.902997.8c6d75c094.
- Kothari, C. R. 2004. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International.
- Kunz, E. F. 1973. “The Refugee in Flight: Kinetic Models and Forms of Displacement.” International Migration Review 7 (2): 125–146.
- Kunz, E. F. 1981. “Part II: The Analytic Framework: Exile and Resettlement: Refugee Theory.” International Migration Review 15 (1-2): 42–51.
- Leon Sing, K. 2019. “A Safe Place for Migrant Children”. Daily Express, June 26. Accessed October 5, 2019. https://trinidadexpress.com/news/local/a-safe-place-for-migrant-children/article_8d7561ee-9874-11e9-8f99-2beb2d641ac9.html.
- Maharaj-Landaeta, S. 2019. “The Educational Experiences of Teachers Who Deal with Children of Refugees: Asylum Seekers and Migrant Children on the Move in Trinidad &Tobago.” West East Journal of Social Sciences 8 (3): 270–282.
- Marek, M. 2015. “Conceptual Paper Outline.” Accessed December 4, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277890968_Conceptual_Paper_Outline.
- Matroo, C. 2019. “No Room for Venezuelan Children: Schools Strapped for Spaces for Local Students.” Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, June 9. Accessed October 5, 2019. https://newsday.co.tt/2019/06/09/no-room-for-vzuelan-children/.
- Matthews, J. 2008. “Schooling and Settlement: Refugee Education in Australia.” International Studies in Sociology of Education 18 (1): 31–45.
- McBrien, J. L. 2005. “Educational Needs and Barriers for Refugee Students in the United States: A Review of the Literature.” Review of Educational Research 75 (3): 329–364.
- Ministry of Education. 2004. Standards for Regulating Early Childhood Services. Green Paper. Port of Spain: Ministry of Education, Early Childhood Care and Education Unit.
- Ministry of Education. 2006. “National Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum Guide.” Accessed September 10, 2019. http://moe.edu.tt/Docs/Policies/ECCE/DRAFT_NATIONAL_CURRICULUM_GUIDE.pdf.
- Ministry of Gender Youth & Child Development. 2018. “National Child Policy 2020–2030 of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Our Children, our Treasure.” Port of Spain: Ministry of Gender Youth & Child Development. Accessed August 24, 2021. http://parlcloud.ttparliament.org:8081/PapersLaidViewer/TempFiles/National%20Child%20Policy%20of%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf.
- Otis, J. 2018. “Trinidad Faces Humanitarian Crisis as more Venezuelans come for Refuge.” Accessed September 14, 2019. https://www.npr.org/2018/12/18/677325140/trinidad-faces-humanitarian-crisis-as-more-venezuelans-come-for-refuge.
- Paxton, P., and A. Mughan. 2006. “What's to Fear from Immigrants? Creating an Assimilationist Threat Scale.” Political Psychology 27 (4): 549–568.
- Prior, M. A., and T. Niesz. 2013. “Refugee Children’s Adaptation to American Early Childhood Classrooms: A Narrative Inquiry.” The Qualitative Report 18 (20): 1–17.
- Reis, M. 2007. “Vision 2020: The Role of Migration in Trinidad and Tobago's Plan for Overall Development.” Social and Economic Studies 56 (4): 231–254.
- Rumsey, A. D., N. Golubovic, N. Elston, C. Y. Chang, A. Dixon, and K. Guvensel. 2018. “Addressing the Social and Emotional Needs of Refugee Adolescents in Schools: Learning from the Experiences of School Counselors.” Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling 4 (1): 81–100.
- Rygiel, K. 2016. “Dying to Live: Migrant Deaths and Citizenship Politics Along European Borders: Transgressions, Disruptions, and Mobilizations.” Citizenship Studies 20 (5): 545–560.
- Segrin, C. 2019. “Indirect Effects of Social Skills on Health Through Stress and Loneliness.” Health Communication 34 (1): 118–124.
- Sharpe, B.R. 2010. “Identifying and Meeting the Social, Emotional and Behavioural Needs of Refugee Children in a Primary School.” PhD diss., The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).
- Sheppard, S. 2019. “Amnesty International: Educate Migrant Children.” Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, May 30. Accessed April 17, 2020. http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/amnesty- international educate-migrant-children-6.2.857394.76ff104266.
- Sullivan, A. L., M. Weeks, and G. Simonson. 2017. “Educational Practices to Support the Academic and Social-Emotional Needs of Somali Immigrant and Refugee Students.” Equity by Design. Equity Assistance Center Region III, Midwest and Plains: Equity Assistance Center. Accessed October 16, 2019. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED580342.pdf.
- Thornhill, A. R. 2014. “National Report on Teachers for Early Childhood Education.” Trinidad and Tobago. Accessed October 10, 2019. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/Informe-Trinidad-Tobago-politicas-formacion-carrera-doce.pdf.
- UNDP. 2019. “Human Development Report. Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century. Briefing Note for Countries on the 2019 Human Development Report Trinidad and Tobago.” Accessed April 18, 2020. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/TTO.pdf.
- UNESCO. 2018. “Global Education Monitoring Report 2019: Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, Not Walls.” Accessed October 12, 2019. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265866.
- UNHCR. 2018. “Four Million Refugee Children Do Not Attend School.” Accessed October 2, 2019. https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2018/8/5b86342b4/four-million-refugee-children-schooling-unhcr-report.html.
- UNHCR. 2019. “Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela Top 4 Million: UNHCR and IOM.” Accessed September 14, 2019. https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2019/6/5cfa2a4a4/refugees-migrants-venezuela-top-4-million-unhcr-iom.html.
- UNICEF. 2018. “Migration Flows in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Situation Report No. 3. Accessed April 19, 2020. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Situation%20ReportMigration%20flows%20in%20Latin%20America%20and%20the%20Caribbean-No.%203.pdf.
- UNICEF EC (UNICEF Eastern Caribbean). 2019. “Making Friendly Spaces for Venezuelan Children.” Accessed September 14, 2019. https://www.unicef.org/easterncaribbean/media_39482.html.
- Weine, S. M. 2011. “Developing Preventive Mental Health Interventions for Refugee Families in Resettlement.” Family Process 50 (3): 410–430.
- Wyss, J. 2018. “They Fled Venezuela for a Better Life. Now their Children Aren’t Allowed in School.” MIAMI HERALD, November 16. Accessed September 14, 2019. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/venezuela/article221511025.html.