References
- Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford University Press.
- Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Oxford University Press.
- Brooks, L., & Swain, M. (2014). Contextualizing performances: Comparing performances during TOEFL iBT TM and real-life academic speaking activities. Language Assessment Quarterly, 11(4), 353–373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2014.947532
- Brown, J. D. (2014). The future of world Englishes in language testing. Language Assessment Quarterly, 11(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2013.869817
- Canagarajah, S. (2006). Changing communicative needs, revised assessment objectives: Testing English as an international language. Language Assessment Quarterly, 3(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15434311laq0303_1
- Canagarajah, S. (2014). In search of a new paradigm for teaching English as an international language. TESOL Journal, 5(4), 767–785. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.166
- Canagarajah, S. (2018). The unit and focus of analysis in lingua franca English interactions: In search of a method. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(7), 805–824. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1474850
- Chapelle, C., Grabe, W., & Berns, M. (1997). Communicative language proficiency: Definition and implications for TOEFL 2000 (RM-97-03, TOEFL-MS-10; TOEFL Monograph Series). ETS. https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RM-97-03.pdf
- Chukharev-Hudilainen, E., & Ockey, G. J. (2021). The development and evaluation of interactional competence elicitor (ICE) for oral language assessments. TOEFL Research report, TOEFL-RR-92, ETS Research Report No. RR-21-06. ETS. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12319
- Chun, C. W. (2006). Commentary: An analysis of a language test for employment: The authenticity of the PhonePass test. Language Assessment Quarterly, 3(3), 295–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15434311laq0303_4
- Clark, J., & Ying-che, L. (1986). Development, validation, and dissemination of a proficiency-based test of speaking ability in Chinese and an associated assessment model for other less commonly taught languages. Center for Applied Linguistics.
- Craig, D. A., & Kim, J. (2010). Anxiety and performance in videoconferenced and face-to-face oral interviews. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 13(3), 9–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15702/mall.2010.13.3.9
- Douglas, D., & Smith, J. (1997). Theoretical underpinnings of the test of spoken English revision project (RM-97-02, TOEFL-MS-09; TOEFL Monograph Series). ETS https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RM-97-02.pdf.
- Ferris, D. (1998). Students’ views of academic aural/oral skills: A comparative needs analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 32(2), 289–318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3587585
- Fulcher, G. (2003). Testing second language speaking. Pearson–Longman.
- Galaczi, E., & Taylor, L. (2018). Interactional competence: Conceptualisations, operationalisations, and outstanding questions. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2018.1453816
- Harding, L., & McNamara, T. F. (2018). Language assessment: The challenge of ELF. In J. Jenkins, M. J. Dewey, & W. Baker (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 570–582). Routledge.
- Hawkey, R. (2004). A modular approach to testing English language skills: The development of the certificate in English language skills (CELS) examinations. Cambridge University Press.
- Jenkins, J. (2009). World Englishes (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Jenkins, J., & Leung, C. (2016). Assessing English as a lingua franca. In E. Shohamy, I. G. Or, & S. May (Eds.), Language Testing and Assessment (pp. 1–15). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02326-7_7-1
- Jenkins, J. (2020). Where are we with ELF and language testing? An opinion piece. ELT Journal, 74(4), 473–479. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa045
- Jenkins, J., & Leung, C. (2019). From mythical ‘standard’ to standard reality: The need for alternatives to standardized English language tests. Language Teaching, 52(1), 86–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000307
- Lazaraton, A. (1996). Interlocutor support in oral proficiency interviews: The case of CASE. Language Testing, 13(2), 151–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/026553229601300202
- Leung, C., & Lewkowicz, J. (2016). Assessing second/additional language of diverse populations. In E. Shohamy, I. G. Or, & S. May (Eds.), Language testing and assessment (pp. 1–16). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02326-7_23-1
- Litman, D., Young, S., Gales, M., Knill, K., Ottewell, K., van Dalen, R., & Vandyke, D. (2016). Towards using conversations with spoken dialogue systems in the automated assessment of non-native speakers of English. Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2016 Conference (pp. 270–275). Los Angeles, California, USA.
- McNamara,T. F. (2018). A challenge for language testing: The assessment of English as a Lingua Franca. Language Assessment Research Conference, March 21–23, Ames, Iowa. USA.
- Morgan, J., & Millin, A. (2018). Online proctoring process for distance-based learning (US Patent No. 10,083,619). https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110177484
- Mortensen, J. (2013). Notes on English used as a lingua franca as an object of study. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2013-0002
- Nakatsuhara, F. (2018). Investigating examiner interventions in relation to the listening demands they make on candidates in oral interview tests. In G. Ockey & E. Wagner (Eds.), Assessing L2 listening: Moving towards authenticity (pp. 206–255). John Benjamins.
- Nakatsuhara, F., Inoue, C., Berry, V., & Galaczi, E. (2017). Exploring the use of video-conferencing technology in the assessment of spoken language: A mixed-methods study. Language Assessment Quarterly, 14(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2016.1263637
- O’Sullivan, B. (2000). Exploring gender and oral proficiency interview performance. System, 28(3), 373–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(00)00018-X
- O’Sullivan, B. (2002). Learner acquaintanceship and oral proficiency test pair-task performance. Language Testing, 19(3), 277–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1191/0265532202lt205oa
- Ockey, G. J. (2009). Developments and challenges in the use of computer-based testing (CBT) for assessing second language ability. Modern Language Journal, 93( Special Focus Issue), 836–847. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00976.x
- Ockey, G. J., & Hirch, R. R. (2020). A step toward the assessment of English as a lingua franca. In G. J. Ockey & B. A. Green (Eds.), Another generation of fundamental considerations in language testing (pp. 9–28). Springer.
- Ockey, G. J. (2021). An overview of COVID-19’s impact on English language university admissions and placement tests. Language Assessment Quarterly, 18(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1866576
- Ockey, G. J., & Chukharev-Hudilainen, E. (2021). Human versus computer partner in the paired oral discussion test. Advance online publication. Applied Linguistics. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa067
- Ockey, G. J., Gu, L., & Keehner, M. (2017). Web-based virtual environments for facilitating assessment of L2 oral communication ability. Language Assessment Quarterly, 14(4), 346–359. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1400036
- Ockey, G. J., Koyama, D., Setoguchi, E., & Sun, A. (2015). The extent to which TOEFL iBT speaking scores are associated with performance on oral language tasks and oral ability components for Japanese university students. Language Testing, 32(1), 39–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214538014
- Ockey, G. J., & Li, Z. (2015). New and not so new methods for assessing oral communication, Language Value, 7(1), 1–21. Jaume I University ePress: Castelló, Spain. http://www.e-revistes.uji.es/languagevalue
- Ockey, G. J., Timpe-Laughlin, V., Davis, L., & Gu, L. (2019). Exploring the potential of a video-mediated interactive speaking assessment. ETS Research Report (ETS RR-19-05). ETS. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12240
- Ramanarayanan, V., Evanini, K., & Tsuprun, E. (2020). Beyond monologues: Automated processing of conversational speech. In K. Zechner & K. Evanini (Eds.), Automated speaking assessment: Using language technologies to score spontaneous speech (pp. 176–191). Routledge.
- Ramanarayanan, V., Suendermann-Oeft, D., Ivanov, A., & Evanini, K. (2015). A distributed cloud-based dialog system for conversational application development. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (pp. 432–434). Prague, Czech Republic: Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Ramanarayanan, V., Suendermann-Oeft, D., Lange, P., Ivanov, A. V., Evanini, K., Yu, Z., Tsuprun, E., & Qian, Y. (2016). Bootstrapping development of a cloud-based spoken dialog system in the educational domain from scratch using crowdsourced data: Bootstrapping spoken dialog systems from scratch. ETS Research Report Series, 2016(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12105
- Stansfield, C. W., & Kenyon, D. M. (1992). Research on the comparability of the oral proficiency interview and the simulated oral proficiency interview. System, 20(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251X(92)90045-5
- Timpe-Laughlin, V., Evanini, K., Green, A., Blood, I., Dombi, J., & Ramanarayanan, V. (2017). Designing interactive, automated dialogues for L2 pragmatics learning. 21st Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SemiDial 2017 - SaarDial). Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Townshend, B., Bernstein, J., Todic, O., & Warren, E. (1998). Estimation of spoken language proficiency. Proceedings of STiLL-Speech Technology in Language Learning (pp. 179–182). Marholmen, Sweeden.
- Wagner, E. (2020). Duolingo English Test, Revised Version July 2019. Language Assessment Quarterly, 17(3), 300–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1771343
- Zhang, M., Yao, L., Haberman, S. J., & Dorans, N. J. (2020). Assessing scoring accuracy and assessment accuracy for spoken responses. In K. Zechner & K. Evanini (Eds.), Automated speaking assessment (pp. 32–54). Routledge.