Hidden corporate profits in the U.S. prison system: the unorthodox policy-making of the American Legislative Exchange Council

References

• Ackerman, A. R., & Furman, R. (2013). The immigration detention center as a “Natural” culmination of the criminalization of immigration: Implications for justice. Contemporary Justice Review, 16, 251–263.10.1080/10282580.2013.798506
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York, NY: The New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alsever, J. (2014, June 2). Prison labor's new frontier: Artisanal foods. Fortune. Retrieved from: http://fortune.com/2014/06/02/prison-laborartisanal/
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, F., & Jones, B. (1993). Agendas and instability in American politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, F. R., & Leech, B. L. (1998). Basic interests. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400822485
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, F. R., Berry, J. M., Hojnacki, M., Kimball, D. C., & Leech, B. L. (2009). Lobbying and policy change. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226039466.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. (1989). The interest group society (2nd ed.). Glenview, IL: Scott Forsesman/ Little, Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. (1999). The new liberalism: The rising power of citizen groups. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bottari, M. (2012, May 21). ALEC in wisconsin: The hijacking of a state. PR Watch. Retrieved from www.prwatch.org.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, S. (1996). The modern corporation and American political thought: Law, power, and ideology. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brandeis, L. D. (1932). Other people’s money. New York, NY: Frederick A. Stokes Company.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan Center for Justice. (2006, September). Policy brief on the truth about ‘Voter Fraud.’ Retrieved from www.brennancenter.org
   Google Scholar
• Burstein, P., & Linton, A. (2002). The impact of political parties, interest groups, and social movement organizations on public policy: Some recent evidence and theoretical concerns. Social Forces, 81, 380–408.10.1353/sof.2003.0004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bykerk, L., & Maney, A. (1995). U.S. consumer interest groups: Institutional profiles. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, D., & Moss, D. A. (2013). Preventing regulatory capture. Boston, MA: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139565875
   Google Scholar
• Center for Media and Democracy. (2012). American legislative exchange council. Retrieved from http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Legislative_Exchange_Council
   Google Scholar
• Common Cause. (2012, April 20). IRS Whistleblower letter on ALEC. Retrieved from www.commoncause.org
   Google Scholar
• Congressional Record. 104th Cong., 1st sess., 1995. Vol. 141.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, R. (1973). Governing the giant corporation. In R. Nader & M. Greed (Eds.), The nader report: Corporate power in America (pp. 10–11). New York, NY: Grossman Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, A. Y. (2003). Are prisons obsolete? New York, NY: Seven Stories Press.
   Google Scholar
• de Figueiredo, J. M., & Silverman, B. S. (2006). Academic earmarks and the returns to lobbying. Journal of Law and Economics, 49, 597–625.10.1086/508248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elk, M., & Sloan, B. (2011, August 1). The hidden history of ALEC and prison labor. The Nation.
   Google Scholar
• Elk, M., & Sloan, B. (2012, August 1). The hidden history of ALEC and prison labor. The Nation. Retrieved from: http://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-alec-and-prison-labor/
   Google Scholar
• Farrar-Myers, V. A. (2010). Money for nothing? The politics of reform, actual corruption, and the appearance of corruption. In M. A. Genovese & V. A. Farrar-Myers (Eds.), Corruption and American politics (pp. 305–328). Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, B. (2012, July 2). Americans for prosperity rally calls for “Nullifying” health care law (with help from ALEC). PR Watch. Retrieved from www.prwatch.org
   Google Scholar
• Gaskins, K., & Iyer, S. (2012, July 17). The challenge of obtaining voter identification. Brennan Center for Justice. Retrieved from www.brennancenter.org
   Google Scholar
• Gaventa, J. (1982). Power and powerlessness: Quiescence and rebellion in an Appalachian valley. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gertz, M. (2012, March 21.). ALEC has pushed ‘Stand Your Ground’ law across the nation. Media Matters for America. Retrieved from www.mediamatters.org
   Google Scholar
• Gordy, C. (2012, March 29). How ‘Stand Your Ground’ went national. The Root. Retrieved from www.theroot.com
   Google Scholar
• Greeley, B. (2012, April 13). Why are McDonald’s, Coca-Cola and intuit fleeing ALEC? BloombergBusinessweek. Retrieved from www.businessweek.com
   Google Scholar
• Greenpeace. (2010). Koch industries; secretly funding the climate denial machine. Greenpeace.org. Retrieved from: http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/global-warming/climate-deniers/koch-industries/
   Google Scholar
• Greider, W. (1992). Who will tell the people? The betrayal of American democracy. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (2001). Special interest politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, M. (2012a). The not-so-special interests: Interest groups, public representation, and American governance. Stanford, NY: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, M. (2012b). Interest group influence on U.S. policy change: An assessment based on policy history. Interest Groups and Advocacy., 1, 171–192.10.1057/iga.2012.9
   Google Scholar
• Hall, R. L., & Wayman, F. W. (1990). Buying time: Moneyed interests and the mobilization of bias in congressional committees. American Political Science Review, 84, 797–820.10.2307/1962767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollenbeck, C. R., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2006). Consumer activism on the internet: The role of anti-brand communities. In C. Pechmann & L. Price (Eds.), Advances in consumer research Volume 33 (pp. 479–485). Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• Justice Policy Institute. (2011). Gaming the system: How the political strategies of private prison companies promote ineffective policies. Washington, DC: Justice Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Kraft, M. E., & Kamieniecki, S. (2007). Business and environmental policy: Corporate interests in the American political system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lacey, S., & Goad, J. (2012, May 2). ALEC’s top five anti-environmental ‘Model’ laws. Think Progress. Retrieved from www.thinkprogress.org
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. (2012, June 20). By the numbers: The U.S.’s growing for-profit detention center. Retrieved from ProPublica.org
   Google Scholar
• Lichtblau, E. (2012, April 17). Martin death spurs group to readjust policy focus. New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Lindbloom, C. (1977). Politics and markets: The world's political economic systems. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Lipton, E., & Urbina, I. (2007, April 12). In a 5-year effort, scant evidence of voter fraud. The New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Lorber, J. (2012, July 1). Former IRS official demands investigation of ALEC. Roll Call. Retrieved from http://www.rollcall.com/news/-215876-1.html
   Google Scholar
• Lynd, R. (1936). Democracy’s third estate: The consumer. Political Science Quarterly, 51, 481–515.10.2307/2143945
   Google Scholar
• Martino Golden, M. (1998). Interest groups in the rule-making process: Who participates? Whose voices get heard? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8, 245–270.10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024380
   Google Scholar
• Mauer, M. (2009). The changing racial dynamics of the war on drugs. The Sentencing Project. Retrieved from http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/dp_raceanddrugs.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, R. (1989). The consumer movement: Guardians of the marketplace. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, J. (2010, August 30). Covert operations: The billionaire brothers who are waging a war against Obama. The New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• McFarland, A. (1976). Public interest lobbies; Decision making on energy. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
   Google Scholar
• McIntire, M. (2012, April 21). Conservative nonprofit acts as a stealth business lobbyist. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/us/alec-a-tax-exempt-group-mixes-legislators-and-lobbyists.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Mills, C. W. (1956). The power elite. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, J. (2011, December 9). The Koch brothers, ALEC and the savage assault on democracy. The Nation.
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, J. (2012, April 17). ALEC disbands task force responsible for voter ID, ‘Stand Your Ground’ laws. The Nation.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, R. (2013, March 20). Private prisons & Wall St. profit. The Motley Fool. Beta.fool.com
   Google Scholar
• Parenti, C. (2008). Lockdown America: police and prisons in the age of crisis. New York, NY: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Patashnik, E. (2003). After the public interest prevails: The political sustainability of policy reform. Governance, 16, 203–234.10.1111/gove.2003.16.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravitch, D. (2012, May 1). What you need to know about ALEC. Education Week. Retrieved from www.edweek.org
   Google Scholar
• Rich, F. (2010, August 28). The billionaires bankrolling the tea party. The New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J., & Dresser, L. (2011, July 12). ALEC exposed: Business domination Inc. The Nation. Retrieved from www.thenation.com
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarabi, B., & Bender, E. (2000). The prison payoff: The role of politics and private prisons in the incarceration boom. Western Prison Project. Retrieved from: http://www.safetyandjustice.org/files/Prison_Payoff_Report_WPP_2000.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, M. (2015, October 6). U.S. to release 6,000 from prison. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/07/us/us-to-release-6000-inmates-under-new-sentencing-guidelines.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, C. (2013, December 9). Shilling for profit: A case study of ALEC's campaign against divestment from apartheid in South Africa. Right Wing Watch. Retrieved from http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/shilling-profit-case-study-alecs-campaign-against-south-africandivestment
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. A. (2000). American business and political power: Public opinion, elections, and democracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226764658.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Steigerwald, L. (2012, July 27). Emails from ALEC member russell pearce show anti-immigrant law may have been racially motivated. PR Watch. Retrieved from www.prwatch.org
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, L. (2010a). Prison economics help drive Ariz. Immigration law. National Public Radio. Retrieved April 14, 2012, from http://www.npr.org/2010/10/28/130833741/prison-economics-help-drive-ariz-immigration-lawViguerie
   Google Scholar
• Viguerie, R. (1981). The new right: We're ready to lead. Manassas, VA: Viguerie.
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, D. (1996). Kindred strangers: The uneasy relationship between politics and business in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, J. L. (1991). Mobilizing interest groups in America: Patrons, professions, and social movements. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wawro, G. (2001). A panel probit analysis of campaign contributions and roll-call votes. American Journal of Political Science, 45, 563–579.10.2307/2669239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb Yackee, J., & Webb Yackee, S. (2005). A bias toward business? Assessing interest group influence in the U.S. bureaucracy. The Journal of Politics, 68, 128–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, H. C., Sabol, W. J., & Greenman, S. J. (2010). Prisoners in 2009. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Zwick, J. (2010, October 12). The secret world of ALEC’s hacks. The Washington Independent.
   Google Scholar