Resisting ‘progressive’ carceral expansion: lessons for abolitionists from anti-colonial resistanceFootnote

This research was made possible by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) doctoral fellowship. The author wishes to thank Owen Toews, Shelagh Pizey-Allen, Kevin Walby, and Sara Martucci for feedback; and all the members of Bar None Winnipeg, and the University of Winnipeg Department of Criminal Justice for ongoing conversations and support.

References

• Bernstein, S, Cooper, L., Currie, E., Frappier, J., Harring, S., Platt, T., … Trujillo, L. (1975). The iron fist and the velvet glove: An analysis of the U.S. police. Berkeley: Center for Research on Criminal Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael, J. T., & Kent, S. L. (2015). Structural determinants of municipal police force size in large cities across Canada assessing the applicability of ethnic threat theories in the Canadian context. International Criminal Justice Review, 25, 263–280.10.1177/1057567715586833
   Google Scholar
• CBC News. (2008). Winnipeg police launch full-time SWAT-type unit. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-launch-full-time-swat-type-unit-1.725400.
   Google Scholar
• Comack, E. (2012). Racialized policing: Aboriginal people’s encounters with the police. Winnipeg: Fernwood Books Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Comack, E., & Silver, J. (2006). Safety and security issues in Winnipeg’s inner-city communities: Bridging the community-police divide. Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives Manitoba. Retrieved from https://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/reports/safety-and-security-issues-winnipegs-inner-city-communities.
   Google Scholar
• Comack, E., Deane, L., Morrissette, L., & Silver, J. (2013). Indians wear red: Colonialism, resistance and aboriginal street gangs. Winnipeg: Fernwood Books Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Coulthard, G. S. (2014). Red skin, white masks: Rejecting the colonial politics of recognition. Minneapolis, MN: Univ Of Minnesota Press.10.5749/minnesota/9780816679645.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Dhillon, J. K. (2015). Indigenous girls and the violence of settler colonial policing. Decolonization: Indigeneity, education & society, 4(2). Retrieved from https://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/download/22826
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, R. W. (2009). In the Shadow of the Shadow State. In INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence (Eds.), The revolution will not be funded: Beyond the non-profit industrial complex (pp. 41–53). Cambridge: South End Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore, R. W., & Gilmore, C. (2016). Beyond bratton. In J. T. Camp, & C. Heatherton (Eds.), Policing the planet: Why the policing crisis led to black lives matter (pp. 173–201). New York, NY: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Giroday, G. (2011, December 13). Province’s new warrant squad nets 150 fugitives: RCMP, city police combining resources, Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved from https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/provinces-new-warrant-squad-nets-150-fugitives-135492823.html
   Google Scholar
• Government of Canada, S. C. (2015, March 30). Police resources in Canada, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2016, from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2015001/article/14146-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Government of Canada, S. C. (2016, March 22). Adult correctional statistics in Canada, 2014/2015. Retrieved July 4, 2016, from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2016001/article/14318-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hansford, J. (2016). Community policing Reconsidered: From Ferguson to Baltimore. In J. T. Camp, & C. Heatherton (Eds.), Policing the planet: Why the policing crisis led to black lives matter (pp. 215–227). New York, NY: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, S. (2015, June). Violence, law and the everyday politics of recognition: Comments on Glen Coulthard’s Red Skin, White Masks. Presented at the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association annual meetings, Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/12834803/Violence_Law_and_the_Everyday_Politics_of_Recognition_commentary_on_Red_Skin_White_Masks_
   Google Scholar
• Klockars, C. B. (1988). The rhetoric of community policing. In J. Greene, & S. Mastrofski (Eds.), Community policing: Rhetoric or reality? (pp. 239–258). New York, NY: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• de Leeuw, S. (2009). ‘If anything is to be done with the Indian, we must catch him very young’: Colonial constructions of aboriginal children and the geographies of Indian residential schooling in British Columbia, Canada. Children's Geographies, 7, 123–140.10.1080/14733280902798837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manitoba Department of Justice|Safer Communities|Lighthouses. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2013, from https://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/safe/lighthouses/
   Google Scholar
• Maracle, L. (2003). I am woman: A Native perspective on sociology and feminism. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Marcoux, J. (2015, October 29). ‘A disaster waiting to happen’: Manitoba’s ballooning number of prisoners. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-jails-busting-crime-rate-falling-1.3293068
   Google Scholar
• Million, D. (2013). Therapeutic nations: Healing in an age of Indigenous human rights. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Murakawa, N. (2014). The first civil right: How liberals built prison America (1 ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neocleous, M., Rigakos, G., & Wall, T. (2013). On pacification: Introduction to the special issue. Socialist Studies, 9, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, R. (2014). The colonialism of incarceration. Radical Philosophy Review, 17, 435–455.10.5840/radphilrev201491622
   Google Scholar
• Province of Manitoba. (2005, March 14). Attorney general announces largest increase to policing in Manitoba history. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.gov.mb.ca
   Google Scholar
• Province of Manitoba. (2011, April 5). New warrant squad will improve public safety by targeting fugitives: Swan. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.gov.mb.ca
   Google Scholar
• Richie, B. E. (2012). Arrested justice: Black women, violence, and America’s prison nation. New York, NY: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schept, J. N. (2016). Progressive punishment: Job loss, jail growth, and the neoliberal logic of carceral expansion. New York, NY: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silver, J. (2006). In their own voices: Building urban Aboriginal communities. Winnipeg: Fernwood Books Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Silver, J., & Toews, O. (2009). Combating poverty in Winnipeg’s Inner City, 1960s–1990s: Thirty years of hard-earned lessons. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 18, 98–122.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, A. (2016). Whither settler colonialism? Settler Colonial Studies, 6, 438–445.10.1080/2201473X.2015.1124427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A., & Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal peoples in Canada: First nations people, métis and inuit: National household survey, 2011. Ottawa: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada. Retrieved from https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/weekly_checklist/2013/internet/w13-19-U-E.html/collections/collection_2013/statcan/CS99-011-2011-1-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wolch, J. R. (1990). The shadow state: Government and voluntary sector in transition. New York City: The Foundation Center.
   Google Scholar
• Woolford, A., & Thomas, J. (2011). Exception and deputization under today’s NDP: Neo-liberalism, the third way, and crime control in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 26, 113–131.10.3138/cjls.26.1.113
   Google Scholar