3,808
Views
149
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Rice bran nutraceutics: A comprehensive review

, , , &

References

  • Abdul-Hamid, A. and Luan, Y. S. (2000). Functional properties of dietary fibre prepared from defatted rice bran. Food Chem. 68:15–19.
  • Accinni, R., Rosina, M., Bamonti, F., Della Noce, C., Tonini, A. and Bernacchi, F. (2006). Effects of combined dietary supplementation on oxidative and inflammatory status in dyslipidemic subjects. Nut. Metab. Cardio. Diseases. 16:121–127.
  • Akihisa, T., Yasukawa, K., Yamaura, M., Ukiya, M., Kimura, Y., Shimizu, N. and Arai, K. (2000). Triterpenealcohol and sterol ferulates from rice bran and their anti-inflammatory effects. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48(6):2313–2319.
  • Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K. and Gangodavilage, N. C. (2004). Rice bran oil extraction in Sri Lanka: Data for process equipment design. Food Bioprod. Process. 82:54–59.
  • Anand, P., Kunnumakara, A. B., Sundaram, C., Harikumar, K. B., Tharakan, S. T. and Lai, O. S. (2008). Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestylechanges. Pharmaceut. Res. 25:2097–2116.
  • Ausman, L., Rong, N. and Nicolosi, R. (2005). Hypocholesterolemic effect of physically refined rice bran oil: Studies of cholesterol metabolism and early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16(9):521–529.
  • Azrina, A., Maznah, I. and Azizah, A. H. (2008). Extraction and determination of oryzanol in rice bran of mixed herbarium UKMB; AZ 6807: MR 185, AZ 6808: MR 211, AZ6809: MR 29. ASEAN Food J. 15(1):89–96.
  • Berger, A., Rein, D., Schafer, A., Monnard, I., Gremaud, G. and Lambelet, P. (2004). Similar cholesterol-lowering properties of rice bran oil, with varied c-oryzanol, in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Euro. J. Nut. 44(3):163–173.
  • Bergman, C. J. and Xu, Z. (2003). Genotype and environment effects on tocopherols, tocotrienols and gamma-oryzanol contents of Southern US rice. Cereal Chem. 80(4):446–449.
  • Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G. and Gluud, C. (2007). Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 297:842–857.
  • Bouckenooghe, T., Remacle, C. and Reusens, B. (2006). Is taurine functional nutrient. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 9:728–733.
  • Braga, M., Santos, R., Seabra, I., Facanali, R., Marques, M. and de Sousa, H. (2008). Fractioned SFE of antioxidants from maritime pine bark. J. Supercritic. Fluids. 47(1):37–48.
  • Bucci, R., Magri, A. D., Magri, A. L. and Marini, F. (2003). Comparison of three spectrophotometric methods for the determination of c-oryzanol in RBO. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 375:1254–1259.
  • Burton, B.(2000). Dietary composition and obesity: Do we need to look beyond dietary fat. J. Nutri. 130:272–274.
  • Chaturvedi, N., Sharma, P., Shukla, K., Singh, R. and Yadav, S. (2011). Cereals nutraceuticals, health ennoblement and diseases obviation: A comprehensive review. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 1:06–12.
  • Chemat, F., Tomao, V. and Virot, M. (2008). Ultrasound-assisted extraction in food analysis. In: Handbook of Food Analysis Instruments, pp. 85–103. Semih Ötles, Ed., CRC press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Chen, C., Wang, L., Wang, C., Ho, W. and Chang, C. (2008). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of rice bran oil and column partition fractionation of Î3-oryzanols. Sep. Purif. Technol. 61(3):358–365.
  • Chotimarkorn C., Benjakul, S. and Silalai, N. (2008). Antioxidant components and properties of five long-grained rice bran extracts from commercial available cultivars in Thailand. Food Chem. 111:636–641.
  • Cicero, A. F. G. and Gaddi, A. (2001). Rice bran oil and gammaoryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias and other conditions. Phytotherapy Res. 15:277–289.
  • Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). (2003). The need for inclusion of rice bran oil in the standards for named vegetable oils. In: Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Committee on Fats and Oils, 18th Session, February 3–7th, 2003, London, UK.
  • Costa-Lotufo, L. V., Khan, M. T., Ather, A., Wilke, V., Jimenez, P. C., Pessoa, C., de Moraes, M. E. and de Moraes, M. O. (2005). Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 99:21–30.
  • Danielski, L., Zetzl, C., Hense, H. and Brunner, G. (2005). A process line for the production of raffinated rice oil from rice bran. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 34:133–141.
  • Dunford, N. T., Teel, J. A. and King, J. W. (2003). A continuous counter current supercritical fluid deacidification process for phytosterol ester fortification in rice bran oil. Food Res. Int. 36:175–181.
  • Duvernay, W. H., Assad, J. M., Sabliov, C. M., Lima, M. and Xu, Z. (2005). Microwave extraction of antioxidant components from rice bran. Pharmaceutic. Eng. 25(4):1–5.
  • Fang, N. B., Yu, S. G. and Badger, T. M. (2003). Characterization of triterpene alcoholand sterol ferulates in rice bran using LC–MS/MS. J. Agri. Food Chem. 51:3260–3267.
  • Forster, G. M., Raina, K., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Agarwal, R., Chen, M., Bauer, J. E., McClung, A. M. and Ryan, E. P. (2013). Rice varietal differences in bioactive bran components for inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth. Food Chem. 141:1545–1552.
  • Frereidoon, S., Ho, C., Simon, J. E. and Shao, Y. (2007). Dietary Supplements. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
  • Ghosh, M. (2007). Review on recent trends in rice bran oil processing. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 84:315–324.
  • Gong, Y. and Yao, H. (2001). Purification and identification of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. J. Chinese Cereals Oils Assoc. 16:30–34.
  • Gurpreet, K. C. and Sogi, D. S. (2007). Functional properties of rice bran protein concentrates. J. Food Eng. 79:592–597.
  • Ha, T., Han, S., Kim, S., Kim, I., Lee, H. and Kim, H. (2005). Bioactive components in rice bran oil improve lipid profiles in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Nutr. Res. 25(6):597–606.
  • Heinemann, R. J. B., Xu, Z., Godber, J. S. and Lanfer-Marquez, U. M. (2008). Tocopherols, tocotrienols and c-oryzanol contents in japonica and indicasubspeciesof rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Brazil. Cereal Chem. 85:243–247.
  • Helm, R. M. and Burks, A. W. (1996). Hypoallerginicity of rice protein. Cereal Foods World. 41:839–842.
  • Herrero, M., Mendiola, J. A., Cifuentes, A. and Ibanez, E. (2010). Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications. J. Chromatogr. A. 1217:2495–2511.
  • Hori, M. I., Murata, T., Fujisawa, M., Nagasaka, R. and Ushio, H. (2008). Rice bran c-oryzanol induced ameliorative effect on intestinal inflammation through NF-kappa B inhibition. J. Pharma. Sci. 106:257.
  • Imsanguan, P., Roaysubtawee, A., Borirak, R., Pongamphai, S., Douglas, S. and Douglas, P. L. (2008). Extraction of a-tocopherol and g-oryzanol from rice bran. LWT – Food Sci. Technol. 41:1417–1424.
  • International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). (2011). Interesting facts on rice. Available from: http://www.irri.org/. Accessed July 7, 2013.
  • Inzucchi, S. E. (2002). Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: Scientific review. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287:360–372.
  • Iqbal, S., Bhanger, M. I. and Anwar, F. (2005). Antioxidant properties and components of some commercially available varieties of rice bran in Pakistan. Food Chem. 93:265–272.
  • Jariwalla, R. J. (2001). Rice-bran products: Phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and clinical medicine. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 27:17–26.
  • Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Nguyen, T. H., Marchie, A., Faulkner, D. A., Ireland, C., Josse, A. R., Vidgen, E., Trautwein, E. A., Lapsley, K. G., Holmes, C., Josse, R. G., Leiter, L. A., Connelly, P. W. and Singer, W. (2008). Effect of plant sterols incombination with other cholesterol-lowering foods. Metabolism. 57:130–139.
  • Jesus, S. P., Grimaldi, R. and Hense, H. (2010). Recovery of oryzanol from rice bran oil byproduct using supercritical fluid extraction. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 55:149–155.
  • Jones, P. J. and Varady, K. A. (2008). Are functional foods redefining nutritional requirements?. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33:118–123.
  • Juliano, C., Cossu, M., Alamanni, M. C. and Piu, L. (2005). Antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol: Mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical oils. Int. J. Pharmaceut. 299:146–154.
  • Kahn, S. E., Prigeon, R. L., Schwartz, R. S., Fujimoto, W. Y., Knopp, R. H., Brunzell Jr., J. D. and Porte, D. (2001). Obesity, body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and islet cells function as explanations for metabolic diversity. J. Nutr. 131:354S–360S.
  • Kaufmann, B., Christen, P. and Veuthey, J. L. (2001). Study of factors influencing pressurized sol vent ex traction of polar steroids from plant material. Chromatographia. 54:394–398.
  • Kennedy, G. and Burlingame, B. (2003). Analytical, nutritional and clinical methods analysis of food composition data on rice from a plant genetic resources perspective. Food Chem. 80:589–596.
  • Khoei, M. and Chekin, F. (2016). The ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of rice bran oil. Food Chem. 194:503–507.
  • Kim, J. S. and Godber, J. S. (2001). Oxidative stability and vitamin E levels increased in restructured beef roasts with added rice bran oil. J. Food Qual. 24:17–26.
  • Kim, H., Moon, J. Y., Kim, H., Lee, D. S., Cho, M. and Choi, H. K. (2010). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of mango (Mangiferaindica L.) flesh and peel. Food Chem. 121:429–436.
  • Kim, Y. A., Xiao, D., Lew, K. L., Zeng, Y., Hahm, E. R., Dhir, R. and Singh, S. V. (2006). Diallyltrisulfide suppresses growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenograftinvivo in association with Bax and Bak induction. Clin. Cancer Res. 12:6836–6843.
  • Kong, C., Lam, W. S., Chiu, L. C. M., Ooi, V. E. C., Sun, S. S. M. and Wong, Y. (2009). A rice bran polyphenol, cycloartenylferulate, elicits apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and sensitizes metastatic SW620 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 77(9):1487–1496.
  • Kozuka, C., Yabikua, K., Sunagawa, S., Ueda, R., Taira, S., Ohshiro, H., Ikema, T., Yamakawa, K., Higa, M., Tanaka, H., Takayama, C., Matsushita, M., Oyadomari, S., Shimabukuro, M. and Masuzaki1, H. (2012). Brown rice and its component, g-oryzanol, attenuate the preference for high-fat diet by decreasing hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Diabetes. 61(12):3084–3093.
  • Kozukaa, C., Yabikua, K., Takayamab, C., Matsushitac, M., Shimabukurod, M. and Masuzakia, H. (2013). Natural food science-based novel approach toward prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Recent studies on brown rice and gamma-oryzanol. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 7:165–172.
  • Lang, Q. and Wai, C. M. (2001). Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies – A practical review. Talanta. 53:771–782.
  • Lima, I., Guaraya, H. and Champagne, E. (2002). The functional effectiveness of reprocessed rice bran as an ingredient in bakery products. Nahrung. 46:112–117.
  • Lloyd, B. J., Siebenmorgen, T. J. and Beers, K. W. (2000). Effects of commercial processing on antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chem. 77:551–555.
  • Luque-Garcia, J. L. and Luque de Castro, M. D. (2004). Ultrasound-assisted Soxhlet extraction: An expeditive approach for solid sample treatment – Application to the extract ion of total fat from oleaginous seeds. J. Chromatography A. 1034:237–242.
  • Marini, F., Balestrieri, F., Bucci, R., Magri, A. L. and Marini, D. (2003). Supervised pattern recognition to discriminate the geographical origin of RBOs: A first study. Microchem. J. 74:239–248.
  • Matsuzaki, T., Takagi, A., Ikemura, H., Matsuguchi, T. and Yokokura, T. (2007). Intestinal microflora: Probiotics and autoimmunity. J. Nutr. 137:798S–802S.
  • McKeown, N. M., Meigs, J. B., Liu, S., Wilson, P. W. and Jacques, P. F. (2002). Whole-grainintake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham offspring study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76:390–398.
  • Mezzomo, N., Martínez, J. and Ferreira, S. R. S. (2009). Supercritical fluid extraction of peach(Prunuspersica) almond oil: Kinetics, mathematical modeling and scale-up. J. Supercritic. Fluids. 51:10–16.
  • Miller, A., Frenzel, T., Schmarr, H. G. and Engel, K. H. (2003). Coupled liquid chromatography–gas chromatography for the rapid analysis of c-oryzanol in rice lipids. J. Chromat. A. 985:403–410.
  • Moldenhauer, K. A., Champagne, E. T., McCaskill, D. R. and Guraya, H. (2003). Functional products from rice. In: Functional Foods, pp. 71–89. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, UK.
  • Most, M. M., Tulley, R., Morales, S. and Lefevre, M. (2005). Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers cholesterol in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81:64–68.
  • Nagao, K., Sato, M., Takenaka, M., Ando, M., Iwamoto, M. and Imaizumi, K. (2001). Feeding unsaponifiable compounds from rice bran oil does not alter hepatic mRNA abundance for cholesterol metabolism-related proteins in hypercholesterolemic rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65(2):371–377.
  • Nam, S. H., Choi, S. P., Kang, M. Y., Koh, H. J., Kozukue, N. and Friedman, B. (2005). Bran extracts from pigmented rice seeds inhibit tumor promotion in lymphoblastoid B cells by phorbol ester. Food Chem. Toxicol. 43:741–745.
  • Nanua, J. N., McGregor, J. U. and Godber, J. S. (2000). Influence of high-oryzanol rice bran oil on the oxidative stability of whole milk powder. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2426–2431.
  • Ohara, K., Uchida, A., Nagasaka, R., Ushio, H. and Ohshima, T. (2009). The effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on adiponectin secretion. Phytomed. 16:130–137.
  • Pandey, M., Verma, R. K. and Saraf, S. A. (2010). Nutraceuticals: new era of medicine and health. Asian J. Pharmaceutic. Clinic. Res. 3:11–15.
  • Parrado, J., Miramontes, E., Jover, M., Gutierrez, J. F., Collantes de Terán, L. and Bautista, J. (2006). Preparation of a rice bran enzymatic extract with potential use as functional food. Food Chem. 98:742–748.
  • Parrado, J., Miramontes, E., Jover, M., Ma´rquez, J. C., Mejias, M. and Collantes de Tera´n, L. (2003). Prevention of brain protein and lipid oxidation elicited by a water soluble oryzanol enzymatic extract derived from rice bran. Euro. J. Nut. 42:307–314.
  • Patel, D., Dufour, Y. and Domigan, N. (2008). Functional food and nutraceutical registration process in Japan and China: Similarities and differences. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci. 11:1–11.
  • Patel, M. and Naik, S. N. (2004). Oryzanol from RBO – A review. J. Scient. Ind. Res. 6:569–578.
  • Penner, R., Fedorak, R. N. and Madsen, K. L. (2005). Probiotics and nutraceuticals: Non-medicinal treatments of gastrointestinal diseases. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5:596–603.
  • Qureshi, A. A., Sami, S. A. and Khan, F. A. (2002). Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus types I and II. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13:175–187.
  • Rajasekaran, A., Sivagnanam, G. and Xavier, R. (2008). Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents: A review. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 1:328–340.
  • Rajat, S., Manisha, S., Robin, S. and Sunil, K. (2012). Nutraceuticals; a review. Int. Res. J. Pharma. 3:95–99.
  • Ramaa, C. S., Shirode, A. R., Mundada, A. S. and Kadam, V. J. (2006). Nutraceuticals an emerging era in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 7:15–23.
  • Retelny, V. S., Neuendorf, A. and Roth, J. L. (2008). Nutrition protocols for the prevention ofcardiovascular disease. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 23:468–476.
  • Revilla, E., Maria, C. S., Miramontes, E., Bautista, J., García-Martínez, A., Cremades, O., Cert, R. and Parrado, J. (2009). Nutraceutical composition, antioxidant activity and hypocholesterolemic effect of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran. Food Res. Int. 42:387–393.
  • Revilla, E., Santa-María, C., Miramontes, E., Candiracci, M., Rodríguez-Morgado, B., Carballo, M., Bautista, J., Castaño, A. and Parrado, J. (2013). Anti-proliferative and immunoactivatory ability of an enzymatic extractfrom rice bran. Food Chem. 136:526–531.
  • Roberts, E. M., Rogers, R. R. and Foreman, B. Z. (2007). Continental insect borings in dinosaur bone: examples from the late cretaceous of madagascar and Utah. J. Paleontol. 81:201–208.
  • Roller, M., Clune, Y., Collins, K., Rechkemmer, G. and Watzl, B. (2007). Consumption ofprebiotic inulin enriched with oligo fructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacteriumlactis has minor effects on selected immune parameters in polypectomised and colon cancer patients. Br. J. Nutr. 97:676–684.
  • Rozzi, N. L. and Singh, R. K. (2002). Supercritical fluids and food industry. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety. 1:33–44.
  • Sasaki, J., Takada, Y., Handa, K., Kusuda, M., Tanabe, Y. and Matsunaga, A. (1990). Effects of gamma-oryzanol on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in dyslipidemic schizophrenics receiving major tranquilizers. Clin. Therapeutics. 12:263–268.
  • Scoggan, K. A., Gruber, H., Chen, Q., Plouffe, L. J., Lefebvre, J. M. and Wang, B. (2008). Increased incorporation of dietary plant sterols and cholesterol correlates with decreased expression of hepatic and intestinal ABCG5 and ABCG8 in diabetic BB rats. J. Nut. Biochem. 15:32–38.
  • Shahidi, F. (2000). Nutraceuticals & functional foods: Research addresses bioactive components. Food Technol. 56(5):23.
  • Sharif, M. K., Butt, M. S., Anjum, F. M. and Khan, S. H. (2014). Rice bran: A novel functional ingredient. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:807–816.
  • Sirikul, A., Moongngarm, A. and Khaengkhan, P. (2009). Comparison of proximate composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of rice bran and defatted rice bran from organic rice and conventional rice. As. J. Food Ag. Ind. 2(04):731–743.
  • Soares, J. F., Pra, V. D., de Souza, M., Lunelli, F. C., Abaide, E., da Silva, J. R. F., Kuhn, R. C., Martínez, J. and Mazutti, M. A. (2016). Extraction of rice bran oil using supercritical CO2 and compressed liquefied petroleum gas. J. Food Eng. 170:58–63.
  • Somsuvra, B. and Ghatak, S. S. P. (2012). Anti-diabetic activity of oryzanol and its relationship with the antioxidant property. Int. J. Diab. Dev. Ctries. 32:185–192.
  • Son, M. J., Rico, C. W., Nam, S. H. and Kang, M. Y. (2011). Effect of oryzanolandferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of mice fed with a high-fat diet. J. Food Sci. 76:7–10.
  • Srinivasan, M., Sudheer, A. R. and Menon, V. P. (2007). Ferulic acid: Therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. J. Clin. Biochem. Nut. 40:92–100.
  • Sunitha, T., Manorama, R. and Rukmini, C. (1997). Lipid profile of rats fed blends of rice bran oil in combination with sunflower and safflower oil. Plant Foods Human Nut. 51:219–230.
  • Tabaraki, R. and Nateghi, A. (2011). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from rice bran using response surface methodology. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18:1279–1286.
  • Tang, S., Hettiarachchy, N. S., Horax, R. and Eswaranandam, S. (2003). Physiochemical properties and functionality of rice bran protein hydrolyzate prepared from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran with the aid of enzyme. J. Food Sci. 68:152–157.
  • Terigar, B., Balasubramanian, S., Sabliov, C., Lima, M. and Boldor, D. (2011). Soybean and rice bran oil extraction in a continuous microwave system: From laboratory- to pilot-scale. J. Food Eng. 104(2):208–217.
  • Tsuji, H., Kimoto, M. and Natori, Y. (2001). Allergens in major crops. Nut. Res. 21:925–934.
  • Tsuji, E., Takahashi, M., Kinoshita, S., Tanaka, M. and Tsuji, K. (2003). Effects of different contents of a-oryzanol in rice bran oil on serum cholesterol levels. In: XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Atheroscleros. Supp. Vol. 4, p. 278.
  • Vina, J., Borras, C., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C. and Orr, W. C. (2006). Part of the series: From dietary antioxidants to regulators in cellular signalling and gene expression. Role of reactive oxygen species and (phyto)oestrogens in the modulation of adaptive response to stress. Free. Radic. Res. 40:111–119.
  • Vissers, M. N., Peter, L. Z., Gert, W. M. and Martijn, B. K. (2000). Effect of plant sterols from rice bran oil and triterpene alcohols from sheanut oil on serum lipoprotein concentrations in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72:1510–1515.
  • Vuorelaa, P., Leinonenb, M., Saikkuc, P., Tammelaa, P., Rauhad, J. P., Wennberge, T. and Vuorela, H. (2004). Natural products in the process of finding new drugcandidates. Curr. Med. Chem. 11:1375–1389.
  • Wang, M., Hettiarachechy, N., Qi, M., Burks, W. and Siebenmorgen, T. (1999). Preparation and functional properties of rice bran protein isolate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:411–416.
  • Wang, L. and Weller, C. L. (2006). Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17:300–312.
  • Wataniyakul, P., Pavasant, P., Goto, M. and Shotipruk, A. (2012). Microwave pretreatment of defatted rice bran for enhanced recovery of total phenolic compounds extracted by subcritical water. Bioresource Technol. 124:18–22.
  • Whitman, M. (2001). Understanding the perceived need for complementary and alternative nutraceuticals: lifestyle issues. Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs. 5:190–194.
  • Willett, W. C. (2002). Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease prevention. Science. 296:695–698.
  • Wilson, T., Ausman, L., Lawton, C., Hegsted, D. and Nicolosi, R. (2000). Comparative cholesterol lowering properties of vegetable oils: Beyond fatty acids. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 19(5):601–607.
  • Wilson, T., Nicolosi, R., Woolfrey, B. and Kritchevsky, D. (2007). Rice bran oil and oryzanol reduce plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol ester accumulation to a greater extent than ferulic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J. Nutr. Biochem. 18(2):105–112.
  • Xu, Z. and Godber, J. S. (2000). Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting γ-oryzanol from rice bran. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 77:547–551.
  • Xu, Z. and Godber, J. (2001). Antioxidant activities of major components of Î3-oryzanol from rice bran using a linoleic acid model. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78(6):645–649.
  • Zigoneanu, I., Williams, L., Xu, Z. and Sabliov, C. (2008). Determination of antioxidant components in rice bran oil extracted by microwave-assisted method. Bioresource Technol. 99(11):4910–4918.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.