The impact of consuming technologically processed functional foods enriched/fortified with (poly)phenols on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

References

• Almoosawi, S., L. Fyfe, C. Ho, and E. Al-Dujaili. 2010. The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects. The British Journal of Nutrition 103 (6):842–50. doi:10.1017/S0007114509992431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoateng, P., D. Kumah, and G. Koffuor. 2011. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of an aqueous ripe fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum (M.) FWTA. West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research 26 (1):8–14. doi:10.4314/wajpdr.v26i1.70055.
   Google Scholar
• Apprey, C., M. Peprah, R. A. Annan, M. A. Tandoh, and O. Asamoah-Boakye. 2020. Borassus aethiopum-fortified bread reduces metabolic risk factors among cardiovascular disease outpatients at 37 Military Hospital, Accra: A pilot study. International Journal of Food Science 2020:2379061–10. doi:10.1155/2020/2379061.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arias, N., M. T. Macarulla, L. Aguirre, I. Milton, and M. P. Portillo. 2016. The combination of resveratrol and quercetin enhances the individual effects of these molecules on triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue. European Journal of Nutrition 55 (1):341–8. doi:10.1007/S00394-015-0854-9/FIGURES/4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajerska, J., S. Mildner-Szkudlarz, and J. Walkowiak. 2014. Effects of rye bread enriched with green tea extract on weight maintenance and the characteristics of metabolic syndrome following weight loss: A pilot study. Journal of Medicinal Food 18 (6):698–705. doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.0032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barańska, A., A. Błaszczuk, M. Polz-Dacewicz, W. Kanadys, M. Malm, M. Janiszewska, and M. Jędrych. 2021. Effects of soy isoflavones on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 13 (6):1886. doi:10.3390/NU13061886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betoret, E., N. Betoret, D. Vidal, and P. Fito. 2011. Functional foods development: Trends and technologies. Trends in Food Science & Technology 22 (9):498–508. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binou, P., A. Stergiou, O. Kosta, N. Tentolouris, and V. T. Karathanos. 2023. Positive contribution of hydroxytyrosol-enriched wheat bread to HbA1c levels, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and body weight in subjects with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Nutrition 62 (5):2165–76. doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03133-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brabin, B. J., M. Hakimi, and D. Pelletier. 1994. Dietary grape seed tannins affect lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipases and tissue lipids in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets. The Journal of Nutrition 124 (12):604S–15S. doi:10.1093/JN/124.12.451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, I. A., L. P. Barroso, and P. Sinnecker. 2005. Functional foods for coronary heart disease risk reduction: A meta-analysis using a multivariate approach. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82 (1):32–40. doi:10.1093/AJCN.82.1.32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatree, S., C. Sitticharoon, P. Maikaew, K. Pongwattanapakin, I. Keadkraichaiwat, M. Churintaraphan, C. Sripong, R. Sririwichitchai, and S. Tapechum. 2021. Epigallocatechin gallate decreases plasma triglyceride, blood pressure, and serum kisspeptin in obese human subjects. Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 246 (2):163–76. doi:10.1177/1535370220962708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, A., S. B. Harris, L. A. Leiter, D. H. Fitchett, H. Teoh, and O. K. Bhattacharyya. 2012. Managing cardiometabolic risk in primary care: Summary of the 2011 consensus statement. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien 58 (4):389. /pmc/articles/PMC3325449/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerici, C., K. D. R. Setchell, P. M. Battezzati, M. Pirro, V. Giuliano, S. Asciutti, D. Castellani, E. Nardi, G. Sabatino, S. Orlandi, et al. 2007. Pasta naturally enriched with isoflavone aglycons from soy germ reduces serum lipids and improves markers of cardiovascular risk. The Journal of Nutrition 137 (10):2270–8. doi:10.1093/jn/137.10.2270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conterno, L., F. Martinelli, M. Tamburini, F. Fava, A. Mancini, M. Sordo, M. Pindo, S. Martens, D. Masuero, U. Vrhovsek, et al. 2017. Measuring the impact of olive pomace enriched biscuits on the gut microbiota and its metabolic activity in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. European Journal of Nutrition 58 (1):63–81. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1572-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, W. J. 1999. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70 (3 Suppl):491S–9S. doi:10.1093/AJCN/70.3.491S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crichton, G. E., M. F. Elias, A. Alkerwi, S. Stranges, and W. P. Abhayaratna. 2016. Relation of habitual chocolate consumption to arterial stiffness in a community-based sample: Preliminary findings. Pulse (Basel, Switzerland) 4 (1):28–37. doi:10.1159/000445876.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curtis, P. J., M. Sampson, J. Potter, K. Dhatariya, P. A. Kroon, and A. Cassidy. 2012. Chronic ingestion of flavan-3-ols and isoflavones improves insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein status and attenuates estimated 10-year CVD risk in medicated postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 35 (2):226–32. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/35/2/226.abstract. doi:10.2337/dc11-1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dary, O., and J. O. Mora. 2012. Food fortification: Technological aspects. In Lindsay H Allen, Andrew Prentice, and Benjamin Caballero (Eds.) Encyclopedia of human nutrition. Vols. 2–4, 306–14. US: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-375083-9.00120-3.
   Google Scholar
• de Bock, M., J. G. B. Derraik, C. M. Brennan, J. B. Biggs, P. E. Morgan, S. C. Hodgkinson, P. L. Hofman, and W. S. Cutfield. 2013. Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in middle-aged overweight men: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. PloS One 8 (3): E 57622. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0057622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Graaf, C. 2011. Why liquid energy results in overconsumption. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 70 (2):162–70. doi:10.1017/S0029665111000012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rio, D., A. Rodriguez-Mateos, J. P. E. Spencer, M. Tognolini, G. Borges, and A. Crozier. 2013. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: Structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 18 (14):1818–92. doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, M. C., D. C. G. A. Pinto, and A. M. S. Silva. 2021. Plant flavonoids: Chemical characteristics and biological activity. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 26 (17):5377. doi:10.3390/molecules26175377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer, J. T., K. L. Wiemer, O. Dary, C. L. Keen, J. C. King, K. B. Miller, M. A. Philbert, V. Tarasuk, C. L. Taylor, P. C. Gaine, et al. 2015. Fortification and health: Challenges and opportunities. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 6 (1):124–31. doi:10.3945/an.114.007443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzah, C. S., Y. Duan, H. Zhang, N. A. Serwah Boateng, and H. Ma. 2020. Latest developments in polyphenol recovery and purification from plant by-products: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 99:375–88. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egert, S., A. Bosy-Westphal, J. Seiberl, C. Kürbitz, U. Settler, S. Plachta-Danielzik, A. E. Wagner, J. Frank, J. Schrezenmeir, G. Rimbach, et al. 2009. Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study. The British Journal of Nutrition 102 (7):1065–74. doi:10.1017/S0007114509359127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ference, B. A., H. N. Ginsberg, I. Graham, K. K. Ray, C. J. Packard, E. Bruckert, R. A. Hegele, R. M. Krauss, F. J. Raal, H. Schunkert, et al. 2017. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. European Heart Journal 38 (32):2459–72. doi:10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHX144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraga, C. G., K. D. Croft, D. O. Kennedy, and F. A. Tomás-Barberán. 2019. The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food & Function 10 (2):514–28. doi:10.1039/C8FO01997E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, Z., and D. Liu. 2009. Long-term exposure to genistein improves insulin secretory function of pancreatic beta-cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 616 (1–3):321–7. doi:10.1016/J.EJPHAR.2009.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge, L., B. Sadeghirad, G. D. C. Ball, B. R. Da Costa, C. L. Hitchcock, A. Svendrovski, R. Kiflen, K. Quadri, H. Y. Kwon, M. Karamouzian, et al. 2020. Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.) 369: M 696. doi:10.1136/BMJ.M696.
   Google Scholar
• Georgakouli, K., A. Mpesios, D. Kouretas, K. Petrotos, C. Mitsagga, I. Giavasis, and A. Z. Jamurtas. 2016. The effects of an olive fruit polyphenol-enriched yogurt on body composition, blood redox status, physiological and metabolic parameters and yogurt microflora. Nutrients 8 (6):344. doi:10.3390/nu8060344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaedi, E., S. Foshati, R. Ziaei, S. Beigrezaei, H. Kord-Varkaneh, A. Ghavami, and M. Miraghajani. 2020. Effects of phytosterols supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 39 (9):2702–10. doi:10.1016/J.CLNU.2019.12.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granato, D., F. J. Barba, D. Bursać Kovačević, J. M. Lorenzo, A. G. Cruz, and P. Putnik. 2020. Functional foods: Product development, technological trends, efficacy testing, and safety. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 11 (1):93–118. doi:10.1146/ANNUREV-FOOD-032519-051708.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hadrich, F., Z. Bouallagui, H. Junkyu, H. Isoda, and S. Sayadi. 2015. The α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein. Journal of Oleo Science 64 (8):835–43. doi:10.5650/jos.ess15026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallund, J., G. Ravn-Haren, S. Bügel, T. Tholstrup, and I. Tetens. 2006. A lignan complex isolated from flaxseed does not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant capacity in healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of Nutrition 136 (1):112–6. doi:10.1093/jn/136.1.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans, N., A. Van der Auwera, A. Breynaert, A. Verlaet, T. De Bruyne, L. Van Gaal, L. Pieters, and V. Verhoeven. 2017. A red yeast rice-olive extract supplement reduces biomarkers of oxidative stress, OxLDL and Lp-PLA2, in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 18 (1):302. doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2058-5.
   Google Scholar
• Hooper, L., C. Kay, A. Abdelhamid, P. A. Kroon, J. S. Cohn, E. B. Rimm, and A. Cassidy. 2012. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95 (3):740–51. doi:10.3945/AJCN.111.023457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, G., J. Ding, and D. H. Ryan. 2023. Trends in obesity prevalence and cardiometabolic risk factor control in US adults with diabetes, 1999–2020. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 31 (3):841–51. doi:10.1002/OBY.23652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., D. Liao, Y. Dong, and R. Pu. 2020. Effect of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews 78 (8):615–26. doi:10.1093/NUTRIT/NUZ071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issaka, J., C. Larbie, and M. A. Tandoh. 2016. Anti-diabetic effect of aqueous fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum (Mart.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Phytomedicine 8 (3):384–97. doi:10.5138/09750185.1884.
   Google Scholar
• Jemai, H., A. E. L. Feki, and S. Sayadi. 2009. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein from olive leaves in alloxan-diabetic rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (19):8798–804. doi:10.1021/JF901280R.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasote, D., R. N. Tiozon, K. J. D. Sartagoda, H. Itagi, P. Roy, A. Kohli, A. Regina, and N. Sreenivasulu. 2021. Food processing technologies to develop functional foods with enriched bioactive phenolic compounds in cereals. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:771276. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.771276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, P. M., L. Blackwell, R. Collins, A. Keech, J. Simes, R. Peto, J. Armitage, and C. Baigent. 2008. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: A meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England) 371 (9607):117–25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60104-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalesi, S., J. Sun, N. Buys, and R. Jayasinghe. 2014. Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979))64 (4):897–903. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyimba, T., P. Yiga, M. Bamuwamye, P. Ogwok, B. Van der Schueren, and C. Matthys. 2023. Efficacy of dietary polyphenols from whole Foods and purified food polyphenol extracts in optimizing cardiometabolic health: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 14 (2):270–82. doi:10.1016/J.ADVNUT.2023.01.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaub, K., Y. Modinger, M. Wilhelm, and C. Schon. 2020. LDL-cholesterol lowering effect of hydroxytyrosol (HTEssence®): A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 10 (5):1–8. doi:10.35248/2155-9600.20.10.1000778.
   Google Scholar
• Koch, C. A., E. W. Kjeldsen, and R. Frikke-Schmidt. 2023. Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. European Heart Journal 44 (28):2609–22. doi:10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAD211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutsos, A., S. Riccadonna, M. M. Ulaszewska, P. Franceschi, K. Trošt, A. Galvin, T. Braune, F. Fava, D. Perenzoni, F. Mattivi, et al. 2020. Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111 (2):307–18. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, N., and N. Goel. 2019. Phenolic acids: Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 24:e00370. doi:10.1016/J.BTRE.2019.E00370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lane, M. M., J. A. Davis, S. Beattie, C. Gómez-Donoso, A. Loughman, A. O’Neil, F. Jacka, M. Berk, R. Page, W. Marx, et al. 2021. Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies. Obesity Reviews: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 22 (3):e13146. doi:10.1111/OBR.13146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyva-Soto, A., R. Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy, O. Porras, M. Hidalgo-Ledesma, A. Serrano-Medina, A. Alejandra Ramírez-Rodríguez, and N. Alejandra Castillo-Martinez. 2021. Epicatechin and quercetin exhibit in vitro antioxidant effect, improve biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome, and decrease cellular genotoxicity in humans. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.) 142:110101.). doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R. L., L. Y. Wang, S. Liu, H. X. Duan, Q. Zhang, T. Zhang, W. Peng, Y. Huang, and C. Wu. 2022. Natural flavonoids derived from fruits are potential agents against atherosclerosis. Frontiers in Nutrition 9:862277. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.862277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, X., B. Or, M. F. Tsoi, C. L. Cheung, and B. M. Y. Cheung. 2023. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–18. Postgraduate Medical Journal 99 (1175):985–92. doi:10.1093/postmj/qgad008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, X., I. Zhang, A. Li, J. A. E. Manson, H. D. Sesso, L. Wang, and S. Liu. 2016. Cocoa flavanol intake and biomarkers for cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Nutrition 146 (11):2325–33. doi:10.3945/jn.116.237644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockyer, S., I. Rowland, J. P. E. Spencer, P. Yaqoob, and W. Stonehouse. 2017. Impact of phenolic-rich olive leaf extract on blood pressure, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers: A randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition 56 (4):1421–32. doi:10.1007/S00394-016-1188-Y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loke, W. M., J. M. Hodgson, J. M. Proudfoot, A. J. McKinley, I. B. Puddey, and K. D. Croft. 2008. Pure dietary flavonoids quercetin and (-)-epicatechin augment nitric oxide products and reduce endothelin-1 acutely in healthy men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88 (4):1018–25. doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.4.1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marković, A. K., J. Torić, M. Barbarić, and C. J. Brala. 2019. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and derivatives and their potential effects on human health. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 24 (10):2001. doi:10.3390/MOLECULES24102001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mursu, J., S. Voutilainen, T. Nurmi, M. Helleranta, T. H. Rissanen, A. Nurmi, J. Kaikkonen, E. Porkkala-Sarataho, K. Nyyssönen, J. K. Virtanen, et al. 2005. Polyphenol-rich phloem enhances the resistance of total serum lipids to oxidation in men. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (8):3017–22. doi:10.1021/jf048448x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagao, T., T. Hase, and I. Tokimitsu. 2007. A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 15 (6):1473–83. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri-Numa, I. A., C. B. B. Cazarin, A. L. T. G. Ruiz, B. N. Paulino, G. Molina, and G. M. Pastore. 2020. Targeting flavonoids on modulation of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Functional Foods 73:104132. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostadmohammadi, V., A. Milajerdi, E. Ayati, F. Kolahdooz, and Z. Asemi. 2019. Effects of quercetin supplementation on glycemic control among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 33 (5):1330–40. doi:10.1002/PTR.6334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., J. E. McKenzie, P. M. Bossuyt, I. Boutron, T. C. Hoffmann, C. D. Mulrow, L. Shamseer, J. M. Tetzlaff, E. A. Akl, S. E. Brennan, et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery (London, England) 88:105906. doi:10.1016/J.IJSU.2021.105906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor, R., C. Bouzas, and J. A. Tur. 2021. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 172:372–85. doi:10.1016/J.FREERADBIOMED.2021.06.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, X., R. Zhou, B. Wang, X. Yu, X. Yang, K. Liu, and M. Mi. 2014. Effect of green tea consumption on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. Scientific Reports 4 (1):6251. doi:10.1038/srep06251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen, K. S., M. R. Flock, C. K. Richter, R. Mukherjea, J. L. Slavin, and P. M. Kris-Etherton. 2018. Healthy dietary patterns for preventing cardiometabolic disease: The role of plant-based foods and animal products. Current Developments in Nutrition 1 (12):6. doi:10.3945/cdn.117.001289.
   Google Scholar
• Potenza, M. A., F. L. Marasciulo, M. Tarquinio, E. Tiravanti, G. Colantuono, A. Federici, J. A. Kim, M. J. Quon, and M. Montagnani. 2007. EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces blood pressure, and protects against myocardial I/R injury in SHR. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 292 (5):E1378–E1387. doi:10.1152/AJPENDO.00698.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourmasoumi, M., A. Hadi, W. Marx, A. Najafgholizadeh, S. Kaur, and A. Sahebkar. 2021. The effect of green coffee bean extract on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1328:323–45. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quideau, S., D. Deffieux, C. Douat-Casassus, and L. Pouységu. 2011. Plant polyphenols: Chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 50 (3):586–621. doi:10.1002/anie.201000044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajasekar, N., A. Sivanantham, V. Ravikumar, and S. Rajasekaran. 2021. An overview on the role of plant-derived tannins for the treatment of lung cancer. Phytochemistry 188:112799. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ras, R. T., J. M. Geleijnse, and E. A. Trautwein. 2014. LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. The British Journal of Nutrition 112 (2):214–9. doi:10.1017/S0007114514000750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietjens, S. J., A. Bast, J. De Vente, and G. R. M. M. Haenen. 2007. The olive oil antioxidant hydroxytyrosol efficiently protects against the oxidative stress-induced impairment of the NObullet response of isolated rat aorta. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292 (4):H1931–H1936. doi:10.1152/AJPHEART.00755.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles-Almazan, M., M. Pulido-Moran, J. Moreno-Fernandez, C. Ramirez-Tortosa, C. Rodriguez-Garcia, J. L. Quiles, and M. Ramirez-Tortosa. 2018. Hydroxytyrosol: Bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical applications. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.) 105:654–67. doi:10.1016/J.FOODRES.2017.11.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruskovska, T., V. Maksimova, and D. Milenkovic. 2020. Polyphenols in human nutrition: From the in vitro antioxidant capacity to the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and related inter-individual variability - An overview and perspective. The British Journal of Nutrition 123 (3):241–54. doi:10.1017/S0007114519002733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahebkar, A. 2017. Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57 (4):666–76. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.948609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-Buelga, C., A. M. González-Paramás, T. Oludemi, B. Ayuda-Durán, and S. González-Manzano. 2019. Plant phenolics as functional food ingredients. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 90:183–257. doi:10.1016/BS.AFNR.2019.02.012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Setchell, K. D. R., E. Nardi, P. M. Battezzati, S. Asciutti, D. Castellani, G. Perriello, and C. Clerici. 2013. Novel soy germ pasta enriched in isoflavones ameliorates gastroparesis in type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. Diabetes Care 36 (11):3495–7. doi:10.2337/dc12-1615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, A. F. R., D. Resende, M. Monteiro, M. A. Coimbra, A. M. S. Silva, and S. M. Cardoso. 2020. Application of hydroxytyrosol in the functional foods field: From ingredient to dietary supplements. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 9 (12):1246. doi:10.3390/antiox9121246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, M., T. Thrimawithana, R. Shukla, and B. Adhikari. 2020. Managing obesity through natural polyphenols: A review. Future Foods 1–2:100002. doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2020.100002.
   Google Scholar
• Soto-Méndez, M. J., O. D. Rangel-Huerta, M. D. Ruiz-López, E. Martínez De Victoria, A. Anguita-Ruiz, and A. Gil. 2019. Role of functional fortified dairy products in cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 10 (suppl_2):S251–S271. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sterne, J. A. C., J. Savović, M. J. Page, R. G. Elbers, N. S. Blencowe, I. Boutron, C. J. Cates, H. Y. Cheng, M. S. Corbett, S. M. Eldridge, et al. 2019. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.) 366: L 4898. doi:10.1136/BMJ.L4898.
   Google Scholar
• Swift, D. L., J. E. McGee, C. P. Earnest, E. Carlisle, M. Nygard, and N. M. Johannsen. 2018. The effects of exercise and physical activity on weight loss and maintenance. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 61 (2):206–13. doi:10.1016/J.PCAD.2018.07.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taku, K., K. Umegaki, Y. Sato, Y. Taki, K. Endoh, and S. Watanabe. 2007. Soy isoflavones lower serum total and LDL cholesterol in humans: A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85 (4):1148–56. doi:10.1093/AJCN/85.4.1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsimogiannis, D., and V. Oreopoulou. 2019. Classification of phenolic compounds in plants. In Ronald Ross Watson (ed.) Polyphenols in plants, 263–84. US: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813768-0.00026-8.
   Google Scholar
• Tussing-Humphreys, L., M. Lamar, A. McLeod, L. Schiffer, L. Blumstein, R. Dakers, A. Karstens, N. O. N. Hemphill, D. Strahan, L. Siegel, et al. 2022. Effect of Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean diet plus calorie restriction on cognition, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic health: A randomized clinical trial. Preventive Medicine Reports 29:101955. doi:10.1016/J.PMEDR.2022.101955.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ueda, M., S. Nishiumi, H. Nagayasu, I. Fukuda, K. i Yoshida, and H. Ashida. 2008. Epigallocatechin gallate promotes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 377 (1):286–90. doi:10.1016/J.BBRC.2008.09.128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaduganathan, M., G. A. Mensah, J. V. Turco, V. Fuster, and G. A. Roth. 2022. The Global Burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk: A compass for future health. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 80 (25):2361–71. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varady, K. A., S. Cienfuegos, M. Ezpeleta, and K. Gabel. 2022. Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: Progress and future directions. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 18 (5):309–21. doi:10.1038/S41574-022-00638-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinarova, L., Z. Vinarov, V. Atanasov, I. Pantcheva, S. Tcholakova, N. Denkov, and S. Stoyanov. 2015. Lowering of cholesterol bioaccessibility and serum concentrations by saponins: In vitro and in vivo studies. Food & Function 6 (2):501–12. doi:10.1039/c4fo00785a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinayagam, R., and B. Xu. 2015. Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: A cellular mechanism review. Nutrition & Metabolism 12 (1):60. doi:10.1186/S12986-015-0057-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P., X. M. Ma, K. Geng, Z. Z. Jiang, P. Y. Yan, and Y. Xu. 2022. Effects of Camellia tea and herbal tea on cardiometabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 36 (11):4051–62. doi:10.1002/PTR.7572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weickert, M. O., M. Reimann, B. Otto, W. L. Hall, K. Vafeiadou, J. Hallund, M. Ferrari, D. Talbot, F. Branca, S. Bügel, et al. 2006. Soy isoflavones increase preprandial peptide YY (PYY), but have no effect on ghrelin and body weight in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine 5 (1):11. doi:10.1186/1477-5751-5-11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu, R., K. Yang, S. Li, M. Dai, and G. Chen. 2020. Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition Journal 19 (1):48. doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00557-5.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, X. X., Y. L. Xu, S. H. Li, R. Hui, Y. J. Wu, and X. H. Huang. 2013. Effects of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on glycemic control in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97 (4):750–62. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.032573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar