References
- Swerdlow SH, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, et al., editors. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon: IARC; 2017.
- Hallek M. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(9):946–965.
- Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, et al. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1975;46(2):219–234.
- Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, et al. A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer. 1981;48(1):198–206.
- International C. An international prognostic index for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL-IPI): a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:779–790.
- Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A, et al. Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(26):1910–1916.
- Krober A, Bloehdorn J, Hafner S, et al. Additional genetic high-risk features such as 11q deletion, 17p deletion, and V3-21 usage characterize discordance of ZAP-70 and VH mutation status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(6):969–975.
- Ouillette P, Collins R, Shakhan S, et al. Acquired genomic copy number aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2011;118(11):3051–3061.
- Seiler T, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S. Risk stratification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Oncol. 2006;33(2):186–194.
- Van Dyke DL, Werner L, Rassenti LZ, et al. The Dohner fluorescence in situ hybridization prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): the CLL Research Consortium experience. Br J Haematol. 2016;173(1):105–113.
- Almasri NM, Duque RE, Iturraspe J, et al. Reduced expression of CD20 antigen as a characteristic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol. 1992;40(4):259–263.
- Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, Matutes E, et al. Levels of expression of CD19 and CD20 in chronic B cell leukaemias. J Clin Pathol. 1998;51(5):364–369.
- Tam CS, Otero-Palacios J, Abruzzo LV, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia CD20 expression is dependent on the genetic subtype: a study of quantitative flow cytometry and fluorescent in-situ hybridization in 510 patients. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(1):36–40.
- Moskalensky AE, Chernyshev AV, Yurkin MA, et al. Dynamic quantification of antigen molecules with flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods. 2015;427:139–147.
- Serke S, van Lessen A, Huhn D. Quantitative fluorescence flow cytometry: a comparison of the three techniques for direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Cytometry. 1998;33(2):179–187.
- Jasper GA, Arun I, Venzon D, et al. Variables affecting the quantitation of CD22 in neoplastic B cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2011;80(2):83–90.
- D'Arena G, Musto P, Cascavilla N, et al. Quantitative flow cytometry for the differential diagnosis of leukemic B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Hematol. 2000;64(4):275–281.
- Quijano S, Lopez A, Rasillo A, et al. Impact of trisomy 12, del(13q), del(17p), and del(11q) on the immunophenotype, DNA ploidy status, and proliferative rate of leukemic B-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2008;74(3):139–149.
- Lee HC. Structure and enzymatic functions of human CD38. Mol Med. 2006;12(11-12):317–323.
- Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, et al. Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;94(6):1840–1847.
- Ghia P, Guida G, Stella S, et al. The pattern of CD38 expression defines a distinct subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients at risk of disease progression. Blood. 2003;101(4):1262–1269.
- Hsi ED, Kopecky KJ, Appelbaum FR, et al. Prognostic significance of CD38 and CD20 expression as assessed by quantitative flow cytometry in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(6):1017–1025.
- Matutes E, Oscier D, Garcia-Marco J, et al. Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology: correlation between cytogenetic, clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients. Br J Haematol. 1996;92(2):382–388.
- D'Arena G, Musto P, Cascavilla N, et al. CD38 expression correlates with adverse biological features and predicts poor clinical outcome in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42(1-2):109–114.
- Riches JC, O'Donovan CJ, Kingdon SJ, et al. Trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells exhibit upregulation of integrin signaling that is modulated by NOTCH1 mutations. Blood. 2014;123(26):4101–4110.
- Huh YO, Keating MJ, Saffer HL, et al. Higher levels of surface CD20 expression on circulating lymphocytes compared with bone marrow and lymph nodes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;116(3):437–443.
- Sorigue M, Maluquer C, Junca J. Phenotypic characterization of trisomy 12 monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2018;94(2):374–378.
- Echeverri C, Fisher S, King D, et al. Immunophenotypic variability of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study of cases analyzed by flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117(4):615–620.
- Leonard WJ, Donlon TA, Lebo RV, et al. Localization of the gene encoding the human interleukin-2 receptor on chromosome 10. Science. 1985;228(4707):1547–1549.
- Shao H, Calvo KR, Gronborg M, et al. Distinguishing hairy cell leukemia variant from hairy cell leukemia: development and validation of diagnostic criteria. Leuk Res. 2013;37(4):401–409.
- Robbins DH, Margulies I, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. Hairy cell leukemia, a B-cell neoplasm that is particularly sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38 (LMB-2). Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(2):693–700.
- Ringelstein-Harlev S, Avivi I, Fanadka M, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells acquire regulatory B-cell properties in response to TLR9 and CD40 activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2018;67(5):739–748.
- Hong M, Liao Y, Liang J, et al. Immunomodulation of human CD19 + CD25high regulatory B cells via Th17/Foxp3 regulatory T cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines. Hum Immunol. 2019;80(10):863–870.
- Hulkkonen J, Vilpo L, Hurme M, et al. Surface antigen expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clustering analysis, interrelationships and effects of chromosomal abnormalities. Leukemia. 2002;16(2):178–185.
- Shvidel L, Braester A, Bairey O, Israeli CLL Study Group, et al. Cell surface expression of CD25 antigen (surface IL-2 receptor α-chain) is not a prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a retrospective study of 281 patients. Ann Hematol. 2012;91(10):1597–1602.
- Vilpo J, Tobin G, Hulkkonen J, et al. Surface antigen expression and correlation with variable heavy-chain gene mutation status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol. 2003;70(1):53–59.
- el Rouby S, Thomas A, Costin D, et al. p53 gene mutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with drug resistance and is independent of MDR1/MDR3 gene expression. Blood. 1993;82(11):3452–3459.
- Grywalska E, Bartkowiak-Emeryk M, Pasiarski M, et al. Relationship between the expression of CD25 and CD69 on the surface of lymphocytes T and B from peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and established prognostic factors of this disease. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(7):987–999.
- Huang PY, Best OG, Almazi JG, et al. Cell surface phenotype profiles distinguish stable and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2014;55(9):2085–2092.
- Bulian P, Shanafelt TD, Fegan C, et al. CD49d is the strongest flow cytometry-based predictor of overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(9):897–904.
- Tissino E, Benedetti D, Herman SEM, et al. Functional and clinical relevance of VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) in ibrutinib-treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med. 2018;215(2):681–697.