285
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Twenty-Five Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall: An Empirical Revisit of West German Consumers' Attitudes Toward Products and Brands from Former East Germany

, &

References

  • Ahmed, Z. U., Anang, R., Othman, N., & Sambasivan, M. (2013). To purchase or not to purchase US products: Role of religiosity, animosity, and ethnocentrism among Malaysian consumers. Journal of Services Marketing, 27(7), 551–563.
  • Ahmed, Z. U., Johnson, J. P., Ling, C. P., Fang, T. W., & Hui, A. K. (2002). Country of origin and brand effects on consumers' evaluations of cruise lines. International Marketing Review, 19(3), 279–302.
  • Ahmed, Z. U., Johnson, J. P., Yang, X., Fatt, C. K., Teng, H. S., & Boon, L. C. (2004). Does country of origin matter for low‐involvement products? International Marketing Review, 21(1), 102–120.
  • Ahmed, Z. U., Zbib, I. J., Sikander, A., & Farhat, K. T. (2010). Predicting consumer behavior based on country of origin (COO): A case study of Lebanese consumers. EuroMed Journal of Business, 5(1), 37–56.
  • Ahmed, Z. U., Zbib, I. J., Sikander, A., & Noujaim, R. G. (2012). Does country of brand origin (COBO) matter for the Lebanese consumers? EuroMed Journal of Business, 7(2), 108–128.
  • Al-Kwifi, O. S., Ahmed, Z. U., & Yammout, D. (2014). Brand switching of high technology capital products: How product features dictate the switching decision. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 23(4), 322–332.
  • Ang, S. H., Jung, K., Kau, A. K., Leong, S. M., Pornpitakpan, C., & Tan, S. J. (2004). Animosity towards economic giants: What the little guys think. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21(3), 190–207.
  • Apil, A. R., Kaynak, E., & Yalcin, S. (2007). Foreign product purchase behavior in transition economies: An empirical analysis of product information sources among Georgian consumers. Journal of Promotion Management, 13(3–4), 321–337.
  • Arpan, L. M., & Sun, H. (2006). The effect of country of origin on judgments of multinational organizations involved in a crisis. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(3–4), 189–214.
  • Bach, J. (2015). Consuming communism: Material cultures of nostalgia in former East Germany. In O. Auge & D. Berliner (Eds.), Anthropology and nostalgia (pp. 123–138). New York: Berghahn.
  • Bahaee, M., & Pisani, M. J. (2009). Iranian consumer animosity and US products: A witch's brew or elixir? International Business Review, 18(2), 199–210.
  • Banchelli, E. (2008). Ostalgie: Eine vorlaeufige Bilanz. In F. Cambi (Ed.), Gedaechtnis und identitaet (pp. 57–68). Wuerzburg: Koenigshausen & Neumann.
  • Baughn, C. C., & Yaprak, A. (1993). Mapping country of origin research: Recent developments and emerging avenues. In Nicolas Papadopoulos & Louise A. Heslop (Eds.), Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing (pp. 89–115). New York, NY: International Business Press.
  • Bilkey, W. J., & Nes, E. (1982). Country-of-origin effects on product evaluations. Journal of International Business Studies, 13(1), 89–99.
  • Brodowsky, G. H. (1998). The effects of country of design and country of assembly on evaluative beliefs about automobiles and attitudes toward buying them: A comparison between low and high ethnocentric consumers. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 10(3), 85–113.
  • Brown, J. D., & Wahlers, R. G. (2002). Impact of U.S. consumer motivations to “buy or not buy American. Journal of Promotion Management, 8(2), 123–133.
  • Carpenter, G. S., & Nakamoto, K. (1989). Consumer preference formation and pioneering advantage. Journal of Marketing Research, 26(3), 285–298.
  • Chang, E. C., & Ritter, E. H. (1976). Ethnocentrism in black college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 100(1), 89–98.
  • Cheah, I., Phau, I., Kea, G., & Huang, Y. A. (2016). Modelling effects of consumer animosity: Consumers' willingness to buy foreign and hybrid products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30, 184–192.
  • Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2009). Cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, and materialism: An eight-country study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of International Marketing, 17(1), 116–146.
  • Cole, D. (2009). Germany still divided, Says Merkel. The Age, November 9.
  • Cordell, V. V. (1992). Effects of consumer preferences for foreign sourced products. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(2), 251–269.
  • Cote, K. (1991a). Second-class citizens in their own country. Advertising Age, 61(8), 36.
  • Cote, K. (1991b). West brands rain on east's parade: New Germany awash in new products/brands. Advertising Age, 61(41), 51.
  • Coupey, E., Irwin, J. R., & Payne, J. W. (1998). Product category familiarity and preference construction. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 459–468.
  • Durvasula, S., Andrews, J. C., & Netemeyer, R. G. (1997). A cross-cultural comparison of consumer ethnocentrism in the United States and Russia. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9(4), 73–93.
  • Errichiello, O., & Zschiesche, A. (2013). Markenkraft im Mittelstand. Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler.
  • Ginten, E. A. (1997). Ost-Produkte sind auf dem Vormarsch. Die Welt, September 2. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de.
  • Granzin, K. L., & Olsen, J. E. (1998). Americans' choice of domestic over foreign products/brands: A matter of helping behavior? Journal of Business Research, 43(1), 39–54.
  • Gross, J. R., DeDee, J. Ki., & Swanson, S. R. (1993). Customer attributes and their effect on service and product quality perceptions: An empirical study. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 10(8), 14–24.
  • Haendel, W. (1991). Switching systems in eastern Germany. In S. Stern (Ed.), Meet united Germany (pp. 100–109). Frankfurt, Germany: FAZ Information Services.
  • Han, C. M. (1988). The role of consumer patriotism in the choice of domestic versus Foreign Products/brands. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(3), 25–32.
  • Hau, H. (1998). Privatization under political influence: Evidence from eastern Germany. European Economic Review, 42(7), 1177–1201.
  • Heslop, L. A., & Papadopoulos, N. (1993). ‘But who knows where or when’: Reflections on the images of countries and their products. In Nicolas Papadopoulos & Louise A. Heslop (Eds.), In product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing (pp. 69–76). New York, NY: International Business Press.
  • Hinck, W. (2004). The role of domestic animosity in consumer choice: Empirical evidence from Germany. Journal of Euromarketing, 14(1/2), 87–104.
  • Hinck, W., Cortes, A., & James, K. (2004). An empirical investigation of the failure of eastern German products/brands in western German markets. Journal of International Business and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 104–111.
  • Hong, S., Wang, Y. J., & De Los Santos, G. (2008). The effective product placement: Finding appropriate methods and contexts for higher brand salience. Journal of Promotion Management, 14(1–2), 103–120.
  • Hoshino, S. (1991). For quality-conscious Japanese consumers, low prices also matter. Tokyo Business Today, 58(9), 50–52.
  • Ioannou, M., & Rusu, O. (2012). Consumer-based brand equity: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Promotion Management, 18(3), 344–360.
  • Jaffe, E. D., & Martinez, C. (1995). Mexican consumer attitudes towards domestic and foreign made products. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 7(3), 7–27.
  • Jordan, M. (1996). In India, repealing reform is a tough sell: Leaders decry foreign goods, but consumers love them. Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), May 22: A18.
  • Josiassen, A. (2011). Consumer disidentification and its effects on domestic product purchases: An empirical investigation in the Netherlands. Journal of Marketing, 75(2), 124–140.
  • Jun, J. W., Lee, H. S., & Park, J. H. (2009). Roles of media exposure and interpersonal experiences on country brand: The mediated risk perception model. Journal of Promotion Management, 15(1–2), 321–339.
  • Kaynak, E., & Kara, A. (2001). An examination of the relationship among consumer lifestyles, ethnocentrism, knowledge structures, attitudes and behavioral tendencies: A comparative study in two CIS states. International Journal of Advertising, 29(4), 455–482.
  • Kaynak, E., & Kara, A. (2013). Reinforcing cultural identity by appealing to local cultural cues: National identity formation and consumption in high-context cultures. Journal of Promotion Management, 19(1), 86–113.
  • Kaynak, E., Kucukemiroglu, O., & Hyder, A. S. (2000). Consumers' country‐of‐origin (COO) perceptions of imported products in a homogenous less‐developed country. European Journal of Marketing, 34(9/10), 1221–1241.
  • Klein, J. G. (2002). Us versus them, or us versus everyone? Delineating consumer aversion to foreign goods. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2), 345–363.
  • Klein, J. G., & Ettenson, R. (1999). Consumer animosity and consumer ethnocentrism: An analysis of unique antecedents. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 5–24.
  • Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89–100.
  • Lantz, G., & Loeb, S. (1996). Country of origin and ethnocentrism: An analysis of Canadian and American preferences using social identity theory. Advances in Consumer Research, 23, 374–378.
  • Lay, C. (1997). Der Siegeszug der Ostprodukte. Retrieved from http://www.oeko-net.de/kommune/kommune1-97/tlay197.html
  • Lee, D. (2009). Ostalgie. New York Times, October 15.
  • Leong, S. M., Cote, J. A., Ang, S. H., Tan, S. J., Jung, K., Kau, A. K., & Pornpitakpan, C. (2008). Understanding consumer animosity in an international crisis: Nature, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 996–1009.
  • Lindgens, J. (2009). Viele Ostprodukte haben die DDR ueberlebt. Der Westen, November 13.
  • Lunze, U. (1996). Es gibt ihn noch, den reinen Ost-Rauch. Frankenpost, October 19. Retrieved from http://www.frankenpost.de.
  • Manickam, S. A., & Sriram, B. (2013). Modeling the impact of marketing information on consumer buying behavior in a matured marketing environment: An exploratory study of the Middle East consumers. Journal of Promotion Management, 19(1), 1–16.
  • Marcoux, J.-S., Filiatrault, P., & Cheron, E. (1997). The attitudes underlying preferences of young urban educated Polish consumers towards products/brands made in western countries. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9(4), 5–29.
  • Marsh, D. (1991). The aftermath of unity. In S. Stern (Ed.), Meet united Germany (pp. 30–39). Frankfurt, Germany: FAZ Information Services.
  • McKenzie, K. E., & Royne, M. B. (2009). Defining and understanding communications planning: A current assessment and an exploratory study. Journal of Promotion Management, 15(3), 341–356.
  • Mitchell, V.-W. (1992). Understanding consumers' behavior: Can perceived risk theory help? Management Decision, 30(3), 26–31.
  • Mohamad, O., Ahmed, Z. U., Honeycutt, E. D., & Tyebkhan, T. H. (2000). Does ‘made in….’ matter to consumers? A Malaysian study of country of origin. Multinational Business Review, 8(2), 69–73.
  • Mueller, B. (1996). The truth about Trabi. Worldbusiness, 2(1), 16.
  • Mueller, U. (1997). Der traumhafte Aufstieg der Rotkäppchen-Sektkellerei. Die Welt, February 6. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de.
  • Muentefering, F. (1997). Parteien werben fuer Ostprodukte. Die Welt, August 27. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de.
  • Nash, N. C. (1995). A wall in the mind: Rising resentment in the east divides Germany. New York Times, July 27, D1–D2.
  • Nijssen, E. J., & Douglas, S. P. (2004). Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 23–38.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Olsen, J. E., Granzin, K. L., & Biswas, A. (1993). Influencing consumers' selection of domestic versus imported products/brands: Implications for marketing based on a model of helping behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(4), 307–321.
  • Osgood, C. E., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955). The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change. Psychology Review, 62(1), 42–55.
  • Pant, A., Hsieh, Y-C., Lee, M., & Shen, C-H. (2014). Pointing out differences: Consumer evaluations of comparative information across product types. Journal of Promotion Management, 20(3), 390–409.
  • Paterson, T. (2009). It's 20 years since reunification but is Germany still divided. The Independent. June 27.
  • Pecotich, A., & Rosenthal, M. (2001). Country of origin, quality, brand and consumer ethnocentrism. Journal of Global Marketing, 15(2), 31–60.
  • Rao, A. R., & Monroe, K. B. (1989). The effect of price, brand name, and store name on buyers' perceptions of product quality: An integrative review. Journal of Marketing Research, 26 (3), 351–357.
  • Reul, S. (2009). Germany: Still divided after all these years. Spiked, November 12.
  • Schmoll, T. (1996). Der Absatz im Westen hinkt. Die Welt, August 8. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de.
  • Schroeter, E., & Roeber, M. (1997). Regime change and administrative culture: Role understandings and political attitudes of top bureaucrats from East and West Berlin. American Review of Public Administration, 27(2), 107–132.
  • Seitz, V. A., & Razzouk, N. (2001). The influence of consumers' environmental sensitivity on product choices. Journal of Promotion Management, 6(1–2), 133–146.
  • Sharma, S., Shimp, T. A., & Shin, J. (1995). Consumer ethnocentrism: A test of antecedents and moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(1), 26–37.
  • Shimp, T. A., Dunn, T. H., & Klein, J. G. (2004). Remnants of the U.S. Civil War and modern consumer behavior. Psychology and Marketing, 21(2), 75–91.
  • Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280–289.
  • Shirreff, D. (1996a). Hardly a model. Euromoney, (322), 14–16.
  • Shirreff, D. (1996b). Birgit Breuel's Christmas present. Euromoney, (332), 7.
  • Shoham, A., Davidow, M., Klein, J. G., & Ruvio, A. (2006). Animosity on the home front: The intifada in Israel and its impact on consumer behavior. Journal of International Marketing, 14(3), 92–114.
  • Siebert, H. (1991). German unification: The economics of transition. Economic Policy, 13(1), 287–340.
  • Stern, S. (1991). A tale of two countries – a history of the postwar Germanies. In S. Stern (Ed.), Meet united Germany (pp. 16–29). Frankfurt, Germany: FAZ Information Services.
  • Strasser, F. (2009). East and west still divided. BBC, October 20.
  • Strutton, D., Pelton, L., & Lumpkin, J. (1994). Internal and external country-of-origin stereotypes in the global marketplace: Effects and implications for the domestic promotion of U.S. automobiles. Journal of Global Marketing, 7(3), 7–39.
  • The Economist. (2002). A bubbly little tale. German Wine. The Economist, June 1.
  • Thrassou, A., & Vrontis, D. (2009). A new consumer relationship model: The marketing communications application. Journal of Promotion Management, 15(4), 499–521.
  • Tian, S., & Pasadeos, Y. (2012). A revised model of animosity: The impact of anti-Japanese sentiment on consumer behavior in China. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 33(2), 170–191.
  • Tjiptono, F., Arli, D., & Rosari, T. S. D. R. (2015). Assessing brand origin recognition accuracy and its antecedents in a developing country. Journal of Promotion Management, 21(6), 631–648.
  • Tsai, W. S., Yoo, J. J., & Lee, W-N. (2013). For love of country? Consumer ethnocentrism in China, South Korea, and the United States. Journal of Global Marketing, 26(2), 98–114.
  • Viosca, R. C., Bergiel, B. J., & Balsmeier, P. (2005). Country equity. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(1), 85–95.
  • Wang, W., He, F., & Li, Y. (2013). Animosity and willingness to buy foreign products: Moderating factors in decision-making of Chinese consumers. Asia Pacific Business Review, 19(1), 32–52.
  • Watson, J., & Wright, K. (2000). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward domestic and foreign products/brands. European Journal of Marketing, 34 (9/10), 1149–1166.
  • Willnecker, R. (1997). Knoedel, Cola, und geraeucherte Eier. Die Welt, September 2. Retrieved from http://www.welt.de.
  • Winkler, A. (2011). Not everything was good, but many things were better: Nostalgia for East Germany and its politics. In T. Davidson, O. Park, & R. Shields (Eds.), Ecologies of affect: Placing nostalgia, desire, and hope (pp 19–42). Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Press.
  • Witkowski, T. (2000). Effects of animosity toward China on willingness to buy Chinese products. In Gary McClean, Erdener Kaynak, & Oscar Aliaga (Eds.), Managing in a turbulent international business environment (pp. 470–477). Hummelstown, PA: The International Management Development Association.
  • Zbib, I. J., Wooldridge, B. R., Ahmed, Z. U., & Benlian, S. (2010a). Selection criteria of Lebanese consumers in the global snack food industry: Country of origin perceptions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(2), 139–156.
  • Zbib, I. J., Wooldridge, B. R., Ahmed, Z. U., & Benlian, Y. (2010b). Purchase of global shampoo brands and the impact of country of origin on Lebanese consumers. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 19(4), 261–275.
  • Zimmermann, E. (1998). Ketten mit Boykott drohen. Rhein-Zeitung, January 1. Retrieved from http://www.rhein-zeitung.de.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.