Sustainable Protected Area Management: The Case of Llancahue, a Highly Valued Periurban Forest in Chile

REFERENCES

• Armesto , J. J. , Rozzi , R. , Smith-Ramirez , C. and Arroyo , M. T. K. 1998 . Conservation targets in South American temperate forests . Science , 282 : 1271 – 1272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , F. E. 2003 . Native forest policy in Chile: Understanding sectoral process dynamics in a country with an emerging economy . International Forestry Review , 5 ( 4 ) : 317 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astorga , L. 2005 . “ Desarrollo rural en áreas forestales y metodologías participativas ” . In Bosques y comunidades del sur de Chile , Edited by: Catalán , R. , Wilken , P. , Kandzior , A. , Tecklin , D. and Burschel , H. 53 – 65 . Santiago , , Chile : Editorial Universitaria .
   Google Scholar
• Azurmendi , H. P. 2004 . El uso de instrumentos económicos ambientales para la solución de distorciones en el modelo tarifario del agua potable, en la comuna de Valdivia decima reion de los lagos periodo 1997–2004 , Chile , Valdivia : Universidad Austral de Chile, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Bauhus , J. , Puettmann , K. and Messier , C. 2009 . Silviculture for old-growth attributes . Forest Ecology and Management , 258 : 525 – 537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , C. D. and Ghimire , K. 2003 . Synergy between traditional ecological knowledge and conservation science supports forest preservation in Ecuador . Conservation Ecology , 8 ( 1 ) article 1
   Google Scholar
• Berkes , F. 2004 . Rethinking community-based conservation . Conservation Biology , 18 : 621 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman , W. , Duijl , van and Armitage , N. , eds. 2007 . “ Forests and the millennium development goals ” . In ETFRN News WinterNo. 47–48
   Google Scholar
• Bruner , A. G. , Gullison , R. E. , Rice , R. E. and da Fonseca , G. A. B. 2001 . Effectiveness of parks in protecting biodiversity . Science , 291 : 125 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burschel , H. , Hernández , A. and Lobos , M. 2003 . Leña. Una fuente energética removable para Chile , Santiago , Chile : Editorial Universitaria .
   Google Scholar
• Carey , A. B. , Kershner , J. , Biswell , B. and Dominguez de Toledo , L. 1999 . Ecological scale and forest development: Squirrels, dietary fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests [Monograph] . The Journal of Wildlife Management , 63 ( 142 ) : 1 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Carson , R. T. 2000 . Contingent valuation: A user's guide . Environmental Science Technology , 34 : 1413 – 1418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie , D. A. and Armesto , J. J. 2003 . Regeneration microsites and tree species coexistence in temperate rain forests of Chiloé Island, Chile . Journal of Ecology , 91 : 776 – 784 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONAF-CONAMA . 1999 . Catastro y evaluación recursos vegetacionales nativos de Chile , Santiago , , Chile : Informe Nacional con Variables Ambientales .
   Google Scholar
• Corbin , J. M. and Strauss , A. C. 2007 . Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , 3rd , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Díaz , I. A. , Sieving , K. E. , Peña-Foxon , M. E. , Larraín , J. and Armesto , J. J. 2010 . Epiphyte diversity and biomass loads of canopy emergent trees in Chilean temperate rain forests: A neglected functional component . Forest Ecology and Management , 259 : 1490 – 1501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donoso, P., & Donoso, C. (2007). Chile: Forest species and stand types. In F. Cubbage (Ed.), Forests and forestry in the Americas: An encyclopedia. http://64.78.1.15/index.php?title=Chile02 (http://64.78.1.15/index.php?title=Chile02)
   Google Scholar
• Donoso , P. , Frene , C. C. and Lara , A. 2005 . Propuesta técnica: Plan de desarrollo integral para el predio Llancahue Valdivia, X de Los Lagos , Valdivia , , Chile : Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Instituto de Silvicultura .
   Google Scholar
• Donoso , P. J. 2002 . Structure and growth in coastal evergreen forests as the bases for uneven-aged silviculture in Chile (Doctoral thesis) , Syracuse, NY : The States University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry .
   Google Scholar
• Donoso , P. J. and Ojeda , G. 2005 . “ El caso de La Paloma: Una década de esfuerzos y experiencia en manejo comunitario de recursos forestales nativos ” . In Bosques y comunidades del sur de Chile , Edited by: Catalán , R. , Wilken , P. , Kandzior , A. , Tecklin , D. and Burschel , H. 187 – 198 . Santiago , , Chile : Editorial Universitaria .
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer , J. M. , Fensham , R. and Buckley , Y. M. 2010 . Restoration thinning accelerates structural development and carbon sequestration in an endangered Australian ecosystem . Journal of Applied Ecology , 47 : 681 – 691 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emanuelli , P. 2005 . “ Perspectivas comerciales del manejo de bosque nativo de pequeños y medianos propietarios: Una aproximación desde la experiencia del PCMSBN ” . In Bosques y comunidades del sur de Chile , Edited by: Catalán , R. , Wilken , P. , Kandzior , A. , Tecklin , D. and Burschel , H. 87 – 104 . Santiago , , Chile : Editorial Universitaria .
   Google Scholar
• Fuenzalida , H. 1971 . Clima: Geografía económica de Chile, texto refundido , Santiago , , Chile : Corporación deFomento de la Producción .
   Google Scholar
• García-Frapolli , E. , Ramos-Fernández , G. , Galicia , E. and Serrano , A. 2009 . The complex reality of biodiversity conservation through natural protected area policy: Three cases from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico . Land Use Policy , 26 : 715 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González , M. E. , Veblen , T. T. , Donoso , C. and Valeria , L. 2002 . Tree regeneration responsesin a lowland Nothofagus-dominated forest after bamboo dieback in south- central Chile . Plant Ecology , 161 : 59 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grumbine , R. E. 1997 . Reflections on “What is ecosystem management?” . Conservation Biology , 11 : 41 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez , A. G. , Armesto , J. J. , Aravena , J. C. , Carmona , M. , Carrasco , N. V. , Christi , D. A. … and Huth , A. 2009 . Structural and environmental characterization of old-growth temperate rainforests of northern Chiloé island, Chile: Regional and global relevance . Forest Ecology and Management , 258 : 376 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INFOR . 2009 . Mercado forestal , Santiago , , Chile : Boletín Estadístico .
   Google Scholar
• Keeton , W. S. 2006 . Managing for late successional/old-growth characteristics in northern hardwood-conifer forests . Forest Ecology and Management , 235 : 129 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lara , A. and Donoso , C. Silviculture of native forests in Chile: State of the art and future prospects . Sustainable Management of Indigenous Forest: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Southern Connection Congress III, Lincoln University, 17–22 January, 2000 . Edited by: Stewart , G. H. , Benecke , U. and Hickey , J.
   Google Scholar
• Lara , A. , Reyes , R. and Urrutia , R. 2009 . “ Bosque nativos ” . In Centro de analisis de políticas públicas, estado del medio ambiente en Chile , Edited by: UACh . Vol. 2009 , 107 – 119 . Santiago , , Chile : LOM Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Laumonier, Y., Bourgeois, R., & Pfund, J.-L. (2008). Accounting for the ecological dimension in participatory research and development: Lessons learned from Indonesia and Madagascar. Ecology and Society, 13(1), article 15. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss1/art15/ (http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss1/art15/)
   Google Scholar
• Lindh , B. C. and Muir , P. S. 2004 . Understory vegetation in young Douglas-fir forests: Does thinning help restore old-growth composition? . Forest Ecology and Management , 192 : 285 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matamala , S., J. and Ruiz , J. 2002 . Diagnóstico y propuesta de desarrollo ecoturístico para la creación del parque provincial Llancahue, Provincia de Valdivia, Chile , Valdivia , , Chile : Universidad Austral de Chile, Escuela de Turismo, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativa . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• McNeely , J. A. 1994 . Protected areas for the 21st century: Working to provide benefits to society . Biodiversity and Conservation , 3 : 390 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moorman, M. C. (2010). Collaborative watershed and forest conservation: A case study of the Llancahue Watershed, Chile (Doctoral dissertation). http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6478 (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6478)
   Google Scholar
• Moorman , M. C. , Peterson , N. , Moore , S. E. and Donoso , P. J. 2013 . Stakeholder perspectives on adaptive co-management as a protected area management strategy in Chile . Journal of Society and Natural Resources , 26 : 1022 – 1036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir , P. S. , Mattingly , R. L. , Tappeiner , J. C. II , Bailey , J. D. , Elliott , W. E. , Hagar , J. C. … and Starkey , E. E. 2002 . Managing for biodiversity in young Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR–2002-0006) , Washington , DC : U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , N. , Mittermeier , R. A. , Mittermeier , C. , da Fonesca , G. A. B. and Kents , J. 2000 . Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities . Nature , 403 : 853 – 858 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negi , C. S. and Nautiyal , S. 2003 . Indigenous peoples, biological diversity and protected area management—Policy framework towards resolving conflicts . International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology , 10 : 169 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyland , R. D. 2005 . Even- to uneven aged: The challenges of conversion . Forest Ecology and Management , 72 : 291 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Ohl-Schacherer , J. , Mannigel , E. , Kirkby , C. , Shepard , G. H. Jr. and Yu , D. W. 2008 . Indigenous ecotourism in the Amazon: A case study of ‘Casa Matsiguenka’ in Manu National Park, Peru . Environmental Conservation , 35 : 14 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , D. and Dinerstein , E. 1998 . The Global 200: A representative approach to conserving the earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions . Conservation Biology , 12 : 502 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyarzún , C. E. , Nahuelhual , L. and Núñez , D. 2005 . Los servicios ecosistémicos del bosque templado lluvioso: Producción de agua y su valoración económica . Revista Ambiente y Desarrollo , 20–21 : 88 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Paillet , Y. , Berges , L. , Hjalten , J. , Odor , P. , Avon , A. , Bernhardt-Romermann , M. … and Virtanen , R. 2010 . Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: Meta-analysis of species richness in Europe . Conservation Biology , 24 ( 1 ) : 101 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salafsky , N. and Wollenberg , E. 2000 . Linking livelihoods and conservation: A framework and scale for assessing the integration of human needs and biodiversity . World Development , 29 : 1421 – 1438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlegel , B. C. and Donoso , P. J. 2008 . Effects of forest type and stand structure on coarse woody debris in old-growth rainforests in the Valdivian Andes, south-central Chile . Forest Ecology and Management , 255 : 1906 – 1914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simula, M. (2003). Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: Overview of progress and issues.In FAO (Ed.), Report: International conference on the contribution of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: The way forward (Vol. 2). http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/J0077E/J0077E00.HTM (http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/J0077E/J0077E00.HTM)
   Google Scholar
• Tecklin , D. and Catalán , R. 2005 . “ La gestión comunitaria de los bosques nativos en el sur de Chile: Situación actual y temas de discusión ” . In Bosques y comunidades del sur de Chile , Edited by: Catalán , R. , Wilken , P. , Kandzior , A. , Tecklin , D. and Burschel , H. 19 – 39 . Santiago , , Chile : Editorial Universitaria .
   Google Scholar
• van Kuijk , M. , Putz , F. E. and Zagt , R. 2009 . Effects of forest certification on biodiversity , The Netherlands , Wageningen : Tropenbos International .
   Google Scholar
• Van Wagner , C. E. 1982 . Practical aspects of the line intersect method , Chalk River, ON , Canada : Canadian Forestry Service . Petawawa National Forestry Institute Information Report PI-X-12
   Google Scholar
• Veblen , T. T. , Donoso , C. , Schlegel , F. and Escobar , B. 1981 . Forest dynamics in south- central Chile . Journal of Biogeography , 8 : 211 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox , K. 1996 . Chile's native forests: A conservation legacy , Bellingham , WA : Northwest Wild Books .
   Google Scholar
• Wilshusen , P. R. , Brechin , S. R. , Fortwangler , C. L. and West , P. C. 2002 . Reinventing a square wheel: Critique of a resurgent protection paradigm in international biodiversity conservation . Society and Natural Resources , 15 : 17 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar