253
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Who Gets a Doctoral Education? The Effects of Family Background on Opportunities for Doctoral Education

References

  • Bachsleitner, A., M. Becker, M. Neumann, and K. Maaz. 2018. Social background effects in the transition to a doctoral degree—empirical evidence from a German prospective study. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 57:24–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2018.07.004.
  • Binli, C. 2008. Jiaoyu huode zhizhong de lujing yilai [Path dependence in access to education]. Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 2008 (4):93–106, 190.
  • Boudon, R. 1974. Education, Opportunity, and social inequality: Changing prospects in western society. American Political Science Review 70 (2):220–605.
  • Breen, R., and J. H. Goldthorpe. 1997. Explaining educational differentials: Towards a formal rational action theory. Rationality and Society 9 (3):275–305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/104346397009003002.
  • Changchun, F. 2005. Jiating Beijing yu jiaoyu fenliu—jiaoyu fenliu guocheng zhong de fei xueyexing yinsu fenxi [Family background and redistribution through education—analysis of non-academic factors in the process of redistribution through education]. Shehui 2005 (4):105–18.
  • Cheng, J. 2011. Boshisheng xueshu zhiye qiwang de yingxiang yinsu yanjiu—yige dongtai shijiao [Study of factors influencing expectations for the academic profession among doctoral candidates—a dynamic perspective]. Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinlun [Peking University Education Review] 9 (3):45–55.
  • Chunling, L. 2010. Gaodeng jiaoyu kuozhang yu jiaoyu jihui bu pingdeng—gaoxiao kuozhao de pingdenghua xiaoying kaocha [The expansion of higher education and inequality in educational opportunities—examination of the equalizing effect of expanded admissions at institutions of higher education]. Shehuixue Yanjiu [Sociological Studies] 2010 (3):82–113.
  • Dongfang, M., and L. Zhi. 1996. Xuesheng fuqin zhiye yu gaodeng xuexiao zhuanye xuanze guanxi de yanjiu [A study of the relationship between the student’s father’s occupation and the selection of a major at an institution of higher education]. Qingnian Jiaoyu [Youth Studies] 1996 (11):24–9.
  • Dongmao, W. 2005. Jiating beijing dui woguo gaodeng jiaoyu jihui ji biyesheng jiuye de yingxiang [The influence of family background on opportunities for higher education and graduate employment in our country]. Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 2005 (3):58–63.
  • Dongping, Y. 2005. Gaozhong jieduan de shehui fenceng he jiaoyu jihui huode [Social stratification and the acquisition of educational opportunities in the senior secondary school stage]. Qinghua Daxue Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Tsinghua Journal of Education] 2005 (3):52–9.
  • Dongping, Y. 2006. Gaodeng jiaoyu ruxue jihui: kuoda zhizhong de jieceng chaju (Opportunities for enrollment in higher education: Class differences amidst expansion). Tsinghua Daxue Jiaoyu Yanjiu 27 (1):19–25.
  • Enders, J. 2002. Serving many masters: The PhD on the labour market, the everlasting need of inequality, and the premature death of Humboldt. Higher Education 44 (3/4):493–517. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019850524330.
  • English, D., and P. D. Umbach. 2016. Graduate school choice: An examination of individual and institutional effects. The Review of Higher Education 39 (2):173–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2016.0001.
  • Erikson, R. 2007. Social selection in Stockholm schools: Primary and secondary effects on the transition to upper secondary education. In From origin to destination: Trends and mechanisms in social stratification research, ed. S. Scherer, R. Pollak, G. Otte, and M. Gangl, 58–77. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Garcia-Quevedo, J., F. Mas-Verdú, and J. Polo-Otero. 2012. Which firms want PhDs? An analysis of the determinants of the demand. Higher Education 63 (5):607–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-011-9461-8.
  • Gerber, T. P., and D. R. Schaefer. 2004. Horizontal stratification of higher education in Russia: Trends, gender differences, and labor market outcomes. Sociology of Education 77 (1):32–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070407700102.
  • Hongyuan, L. 1996. Nuli wei qingnianren chuangzao pingdeng de shou jiaoyu jihui—Wuhan Daxue 1995 ji xinsheng zhuangkuang diaocha [Striving to create equal opportunities for receiving education for young people—a survey of conditions for the new students of 1995 at Wuhan University]. Qingnian Yanjiu 1996 (4):7–11.
  • Illich, I. 1970. Deschooling society. Comparative Education Review 44 (5):116.
  • Lai, C.-S., C.-J. Chiu, C.-F. Yang, and D.-C. Pai. 2010. The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. Journal of Business Ethics 95 (3):457–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0433-1.
  • Li, P. S., L. Li, and L. Zong. 2007. Postgraduate educational aspirations and policy implications: A case study of university students in western China. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 29 (2):143–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800701351736.
  • Lindley, J., and S. J. Machin. 2011. Rising wage inequality and postgraduate education. CEP IZA Discussion Paper No. 5981.
  • Longlong, H., L. Fengliang, and Z. Qinhua. 2008. Jiating beijing dui gaodeng jiaoyu shuliang he zhiliang guode de yingxiang—shehui fenceng de shijiao [The effect of family background on the quantity and quality of the access to higher education—from the perspective of social stratification]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 2008 (10):39–45.
  • Lucas, S. R. 2001. Effectively maintained inequality: Education transitions, track mobility, and social background effects. American Journal of Sociology 106 (6):1642–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/321300.
  • Mangematin, V., and S. Robin. 2003. The two faces of PhD students: Management of early careers of French PhDs in life sciences. Science and Public Policy 30 (6):405–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.3152/147154303781780209.
  • Mare, R. D. 1980. Social background and school continuation decisions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 75 (370):295–305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1980.10477466.
  • Mare, R. D. 1981. Change and stability in educational stratification. American Sociological Review 46 (1):72–87. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2095027.
  • Mullen, A. L., K. A. Goyette, and J. A. Soares. 2003. Who goes to graduate school? Social and academic correlates of educational continuation after college. Sociology of Education 76 (2):143–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3090274.
  • Qiang, C. 2014. Gaoji jiliang jingjixue ji Stata yingyong [Advanced econometrics and the applications of Stata]. Beijing: Higher Education Press.
  • Raftery, A. E., and M. Hout. 1993. Maximally maintained inequality: Expansion, reform, and opportunity in Irish education, 1921–75. Sociology of Education 66 (1):41–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2112784.
  • Sewell, W. H., and D. L. Featherman. 1977. Measuring the effects of education. Science 196:763–5.
  • Sewell, W. H., A. O. Haller, and G. W. Ohlendorf. 1970. The educational and early occupational status attainment process: Replication and revision. American Sociological Review 35 (6):1014–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2093379.
  • Treiman, D. J., and K. B. Yip. 1989. Educational and occupational attainment in 21 countries. Cross-National Research in Sociology 1989:373–94.
  • Wakeling, P., and D. Laurison. 2017. Are postgraduate qualifications the “new frontier of social mobility”? The British Journal of Sociology 68 (3):533–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12277.
  • Wei, B., and Z. Qian. 2009. Kuozhao hou woguo yanjiusheng ruxue xuanze de shizheng yanjiu [An empirical study of the enrollment choices by graduate students in our country after the expansion of admissions]. Fudan Jiaoyu Luntan [Fudan Education Forum] 7 (5):5–11.
  • Wei, B., D. Qiang, and M. Jialing. 2017. Shifou yi xueshu wei ye: Boshi yanjiusheng de xueshu zhiye quxiang ji qi yingxiang yinsu [Taking academia as one’s livelihood: The orientation toward the academic profession among doctoral candidates and its influencing factors]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Journal of Higher Education] 2017 (4):65–74.
  • Weiyi, W. 2013. Gaodeng jiaoyu ruxue jihui huode de jieceng chayi fenxi—jiyu 1982-2010 nian woguo 16 suo gaoxiao de shizheng diaocha [Analysis of class differences in the acquisition of opportunities for enrollment in higher education—based on an empirical survey of 16 institutions of higher education in our country from 1982 to 2010]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 2013 (12):35–44.
  • Wenqin, S., and L. Lingyu. 2018. Xingbie, yuanxiao leixing yu dubo jieguo—jiyu 2016 nian quanguo shuoshi biyesheng diaocha de fenxi (Gender, category of educational institution, and outcomes for the pursuit of doctoral education—an analysis based on the 2016 National Master’s Graduate Survey). Zhongguo Gaoijao Yanjiu [China Higher Education Research] 2018 (12):65–72.
  • Xiangping, L. 2008. Yiwu jiaoyu jieduan zexiao xingwei yu jiaoyu jihui fenbu gongpingxing yanjiu—jiyu Zhongguo 18 ge chengshi jumin jiating jiaoyu xuanze zhichu de shizheng fenxi [A study of school selection behavior in the compulsory education stage and equity in the distribution of educational opportunities—based on an empirical analysis of educational choices and expenditures by resident families in 18 Chinese cities]. Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Educational Research] 2008 (3):67–72.
  • Xiaohao, D., and L. Yan. 2010. Zhongguo gaodeng jiaoyu ruxue jihui jundenghua chengdu de bianhua [Changes in the extent of equalization of opportunities for enrollment in higher education in China]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 2010 (2):1–5.
  • Xiaoyu, C. 2012. Shei geng you jihui jinru hao daxue—woguo bu tong zhiliang gaodeng jiaoyu jihui fenpei de shizheng yanjiu [Who has more opportunities to enroll at good universities—an empirical study of the distribution of opportunities for higher education of differing quality in our country]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 33 (2):20–9.
  • Yanbi, H., and Q. Minhui. 2008. Zhongguo shehui fenceng yu jiaoyu gongping—yige wenxian zongshu [Social stratification and educational equity in China: A literature review]. Zhongguo Nongye Daxue Xuebao: shehui Kexue Ban [Journal of China Agricultural University Social Sciences] 25 (4):64–76.
  • Yao, G., and S. Wenqin. 2016. Zhongguo boshi biyesheng jiuye zhuangkuang—jiyu 2014 jie 75 suo Jiaoyubu zhishu gaoxiao de fenxi [The state of employment among Chinese graduates from doctoral programs—based on an analysis of the class of 2014 at 75 institutions of higher education directly subordinate to the Ministry of Education]. Xuewei yu Yanjiusheng Jiaoyu [Academic Degrees & Graduate Education] 2016 (2):49–56.
  • Zarifa, D. 2012. Persistent inequality or liberation from social origins? Determining who attends graduate and professional schools in Canada's expanded postsecondary system. Revue Canadienne De Sociologie [Canadian Review of Sociology] 49 (2):109–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.2011.01286.x.
  • Zhimin, L., and G. Yao. 2011. Jiating ziben, shehui fenceng, yu gaodeng jiaoyu huode—jiyu Jiangsu sheng de jingyan yanjiu [Family capital, social stratification and access to higher education—based on an empirical study in Jiangsu Province]. Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 32 (12):18–27.
  • Zhongchao, Y. 2016. Jiaoyu kuozhao cujin le daiji liudong? [Did expanded admissions in education promote intergenerational mobility?]. Shehui 36 (6):180–208.
  • Zhonglin, W., and Y. Baojuan. 2014. Zhongjie xiaoying fenxi: fangfa he moxing fazhan. Xinli kexue jinzhan. Advances in Psychological Science 22 (5):731–45.
  • Zhonglu, L. 2016. Jiating Beijing, xueye biaoxian yu yanjiusheng iaoyu jihui huode [Family background, school performance, and the acquisition of educational opportunities by graduate students]. Shehui [Journal of Sociology] 36 (3):86–109.
  • Zuntao, M., C. Yunsong, and W. Xiuxiao. 2018. Daxuesheng biye yixiang de yingxiang jizhi ji bianqian quzhi—jiyu shinian lishi diaocha shuju de shizheng kaocha [Influencing mechanisms and changing trends in the intentions of college students upon graduation—an empirical examination based on data from a ten-year survey]. Shehui 38 (5):182–213.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.