Consumer-Based Brand Equity of a Private-Label Brand: Measuring and Examining Determinants

REFERENCES

• Aaker, David A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aaker, David A. (1996), Building Strong Brands, New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aaker, Jennifer L. (1997), “Dimensions of Brand Personality,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34 (3), 347–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaker, David A., and Erich Joachimsthaler (2000), Brand Leadership, New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ailawadi, Kusum L., Koen Pauwels, and Jan-Benedict E.M. Steenkamp (2008), “Private Label Use and Store Loyalty,” Journal of Marketing, 72 (6), 19–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ailawadi, Kusum L., and Bari Harlam (2004), “An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Retail Margins: The Role of Store Brand Share,” Journal of Marketing, 68 (1), 147–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ailawadi, Kusum L., and Kevin L. Keller (2004), “Understanding Retail Branding: Conceptual Insights and Research Priorities,” Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), 331–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ailawadi, Kusum L., Scott Neslin, and Karen Gedenk (2001), “Pursuing the Value Conscious Consumer: Store Brands versus National Brand Promotions,” Journal of Marketing, 65 (1), 71–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, Mark J., Kristy E. Reynolds, Michael A. Jones, Meltem Tugut, and Colin B. Gabler (2014), “Regulatory Focus Intensity and Evaluations of Retail Experiences,” Psychology & Marketing, 31 (11), 958–975.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltas, George (2003), “A Combined Segmentation and Demand Model for Store Brands,” European Journal of Marketing, 37 (10), 1499–1513.
   Google Scholar
• Baltas, George, Parakevas C. Argouslidis, and Dionnysis Skasmeas (2010), “The Role of Consumer Factors in Multiple Store Patronage: A Cross-benefit Approach,” Journal of Retailing, 86 (1), 37–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra, Rajeev, and Indrajit Sinha (2000), “Consumer-level Factors Moderating the Success of Private Label Brands,” Journal of Retailing, 76 (2), 175–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, Hans H., Nicola E. Sauer, and Stefanie Exler (2008), “Brand Image and Fan Loyalty in Professional Team Sport: A Redefined Model and Empirical Assessment,” Journal of Sport Management, 22, 205–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, Hans H., Nicola E. Sauer, and Philipp Schmitt (2005), “Consumer-based Brand Equity in the Team Sport Industry,” European Journal of Marketing, 39 (5–6), 496–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, Leonard L. (2000), “Cultivating Service Brand Equity,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (1), 128–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettman, James R. (1974), “Relationship of Information-Processing Attitude Structure to Private Brand Purchasing Behavior,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 59 (1), 79–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biscaia, Rui, Abel Correia, Stephen Ross, Antonio Rosado, and Joao Maroco (2013), “Spectator-based Brand Equity in Professional Soccer,” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 22 (1), 20–32.
   Google Scholar
• Bitner, Mary Jo, Bernard H. Booms, and Mary S. Tetreault (1990), “The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents,” Journal of Marketing, 54 (1), 71–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonfrer, Andre, and Pradeep K. Chintagunta (2004), “Store Brands: Who Buys Them and What Happens to Retail Prices When They Are Introduced,” Review of Industrial Organization, 24 (2), 195–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buil, Isabel, Leslie de Chernatony, and Eva Martinez (2008), “A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Consumer-based Brand Equity Scale,” Journal of Product and Brand Management, 17 (6), 384–392.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, Kenneth J., and Andrew Aylesworth (1999), “Riding the Coat-tail of a Positive Review: Rave Review and Attitude Transfer,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16 (4–5), 418–440.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, Eunjee, Ann Marie Fiore, and Daniel W. Russell (2015), “Validation of a Fashion Brand Image Scale Capturing Cognitive, Sensory, and Affective Associations: Testing Its Role in an Extended Brand Equity Model,” Psychology and Marketing, 32 (1), 28–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill, Gilbert A., Jr., and Dawn Iacobucci (2005), Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, 9th ed., Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western.
   Google Scholar
• Collins-Dodd, Colleen, and Tara Lindley (2003), “Store Brand and Retail Differentiation: The Influence of Store Image and Store Brand Attitude on Store Own Brand Perceptions,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10 (6), 345–352.
   Google Scholar
• Corstjens, Marcel, and Rajiv Lal (2000), “Building Store Loyalty Through Private Labels,” Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (3), 281–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuneo, Andres, Pilar Lopez, and Maria J. Yague (2012), “Private Label Brands: Measuring Equity Across Consumer Segments,” Journal of Product &Brand Management, 21 (6), 428–438.
   Google Scholar
• Dawar, Niraj, and Philip Parker (1994), “Marketing Universals: Consumers’ Use of Brand Name, Price, Physical Appearance, and Retailer Reputation as Signals of Product Quality,” Journal of Marketing, 58 (2), 81–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, Scott (2013), “How Target, Walgreens and Home Depot Have Forever Changed the Private Label Game,” Forbes, 23 May, (available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottdavis/2013/05/23/how-target-walgreens-and-home-depot-have-forever-changed-the-private-label-game/).
   Google Scholar
• Dhar, Sanjay, Stephen J. Hoch, and Nanda Kumar (2001), “Effective Category Management Depends on the Role of the Category,” Journal of Retailing, 77 (2), 165–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, Claes, and David F. Larcker (1981), “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error,” Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garretson, Judith A., Dan Fisher, and Scot Burton (2002), “Antecedents of Private Label Attitude and National Brand Promotion Attitude: Similarities and Differences,” Journal of Retailing, 78 (2), 91–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlock, Grant (2013), “Seeking Profits in Private Labels,” Harvest Public Media, 10 April, (available at: http://harvestpublicmedia.org/article/seeking-profits-private-labels).
   Google Scholar
• Gomez, Miguel I., Edward W. McLaughlin, and Dick R. Wittink (2004), “Customer Satisfaction and Retail Sales Performance: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), 265–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Benito, Oscar, and Mercedes Martos-Partal (2012), “Role of Retailer Positioning and Product Category on the Relationship between Store Brand Consumption and Store Loyalty,” Journal of Retailing, 88 (2), 236–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, Jack (2008), “Who Does the Grocery Shopping, and When Do They Do It?,” (available at: http://timeuseinstitute.org/Grocery%20White%20Paper%202008.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Grewal, Dhruv, Michael Levy, and Donald R. Lehmann (2004), “Retail Branding and Customer Loyalty: An Overview,” Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), ix–xii.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, Joseph F., Jr., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, and Rolph E. Anderson (2010), Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, Joseph F., Jr., Marko Sarstedt, Christian M. Ringle, and Jeannette A. Mena (2012), “An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40 (3), 414–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, Joseph F., Jr., Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt (2014), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hoch, Stephen J. (1996), “How Should National Brands Think About Private Labels?,” Sloan Management Review, 37 (2), 89–102.
   Google Scholar
• Hoch, Stephen J., and Shumeet Banerji (1993), “When Do Private Labels Succeed?,” Sloan Management Review, 34 (4), 57–67.
   Google Scholar
• Jara, Magali, and Gérard Cliquet (2012), “Retail Brand Equity: Conceptualization and Measurement,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19 (1), 140–149.
   Google Scholar
• Kapferer, Jean-Noel (2005), The New Strategic Brand Management: Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking, London: Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, Kevin L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing Customer Based Brand Equity,” Journal of Marketing, 57 (1), 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, Kevin L. (2013), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, 4th ed., Boston: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Woo G., and Hong-Bumm Kim (2004), “Measuring Customer-based Restaurant Brand Equity: Investigating the Relationship Between Brand Equity and Firms’ Performance,” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45 (2), 115–131.
   Google Scholar
• Koschate-Fischer, Nicole, Johannes Cramer, and Wayne D. Hoyer (2014), “Moderating Effects of the Relationship Between Private Label Share and Store Loyalty,” Journal of Marketing, 78 (2), 69–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, Nirmalya (2004), Marketing as Strategy, Boston: Harvard Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, Nirmalya, and Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp (2007), Private Label Strategy, Cambridge: Harvard Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Lassar, Walfried, Banwari Mittal, and Arun Sharma (1995), “Measuring Consumer-based Brand Equity,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 12 (4), 11–19.
   Google Scholar
• Low, George S., and Charles W. Lamb Jr. (2000), “The Measurement and Dimensionality of Brand Associations,” Journal of Product & Brand Management, 9 (6), 350–70.
   Google Scholar
• Martos-Partal, Mercedes, and Oscar Gonzalez-Benito (2011), “Store Brand and Store Brand Loyalty: Moderating Role of Store Brand Positioning,” Marketing Letters, 22 (3), 297–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki, Anthony D., Dhruv Grewal, and Ronald C. Goodstein. (2005), “The Effect of Multiple Extrinsic Cues on Quality Perceptions: A Matter of Consistency,” Journal of Consumer Research, 32 (1), 146–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narasimhan, Chakravarthi, and Ronald T. Wilcox (1998), “Private Labels and the Channel Relationship: A Cross-category Analysis,” Journal of Business, 71 (4), 573–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narver, John C., and Stanley F. Slater (1990), “The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability,” Journal of Marketing, 54 (4), 20–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netemeyer, Richard, Balaji Krishnan, Chris Pullig, Mehmet Yagci, Joe Ricks, and Ferdinand Wirth (2004), “Developing and Validating Measures of Facets of Customer-based Brand Equity,” Journal of Business Research, 57 (2), 209–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikhashemi, Seyed Rajab, Arun Kumar Tarofder, Sanjaya Singh Gaur, and Ahasanul Haque (2016), “The Effect of Customers’ Perceived Value of Retail Store on Relationship between Store Attribute and Customer Brand Loyalty: Some Insights from Malaysia,” Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 432–438.
   Google Scholar
• Pappu, Ravi, Pascale G. Quester, and Ray W. Cooksey (2005), “Consumer-based Brand Equity: Improving the Measurement–Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Product and Brand Management, 14 (3), 143–154.
   Google Scholar
• Pappu, Ravi, Pascale G. Quester, and Ray W. Cooksey (2006), “Consumer-based Brand Equity and Country-of-Origin Relationships,” European Journal of Marketing, 40 (5–6), 696–717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J.W., R. Robertson, and C. L. Wu (2004), “The Effect of Airline Service Quality on Passengers’ Behavioral Intentions,” Journal of Air Transport Management, 10 (6), 435–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauwels, Koen, and Shuba Srinivasan (2004), “Who Benefits from Store Brand Entry?,” Marketing Science, 23 (3), 364–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinar, Musa, Tulay Girard, Paul Trapp, and Zeliha Eser (2016), “Services Branding Triangle: Examining the Triadic Service Brand Promises for Creating a Strong Brand in Banking Industry,” International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34 (4), 529–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinar, Musa, Tulay Girard, Paul Trapp, and Zeliha Eser (2012), “Consumer-based brand Equity in Banking Industry: A Comparison of Local and Global Banks in Turkey,” International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30 (5), 359–375.
   Google Scholar
• PLMA (2013), “Store Brands Growing Across All Channels,” (available at: http://plma.com/storeBrands/sbt13.html).
   Google Scholar
• Preacher, Kristopher J., and Andrew F. Hayes (2008), “Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Simple and Multiple Mediator Models,” Behavior Research Methods, 40 (3), 879–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queck, Matthias (2009), “Private Label Trends in European Grocery Retailing,” (available at: http://denning.law.ox.ac.uk/news/events_files/Queck.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Quelch, John, and David Harding (1996), “Brands versus Private Labels: Fighting to Win,” Harvard Business Review, 74 (1), 99–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, Paul S. (1997), “Are Store Brands Perceived to Be Just Another Brand?,” Journal of Product & Brand Management, 6 (6), 388–404.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, Paul S., Arun Jain, and Alan Dick (1996), “Household Store Brand Proneness: A Framework,” Journal of Retailing, 72 (2), 159–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringle, Christian M., Sven Wende, and Alexander Will (2005), SmartPLS 2.0 (M3), Beta, Hamburg, Germany (available at: www.smartpls.de).
   Google Scholar
• Roselius, Ted (1971), “Consumer Rankings of Risk Reduction Methods,” Journal of Marketing, 35 (1), 56–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, Stephen D. (2006), “A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Spectator-based Brand Equity,” Journal of Sport Management, 20 (1), 22–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, Stephen D., Jeffrey D. James, and Patrick Vargas (2008), “Development of a Scale to Measure Team Brand Associations in Professional Sport,” Journal of Sport Management, 20 (2), 260–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, Stephen D., Keith C. Russell, and Hyejin Bang (2008), “An Empirical Assessment of Spectator-based Brand Equity,” Journal of Sport Management, 22 (3), 322–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio, Natalia, Javier Oubina, and Monica Gomez-Suarez (2015), “Understanding Brand Loyalty of the Store Brand’s Customer Base,” Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24 (7), 679–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer, Alan G., and Peter R. Dickson (1984), “Psychological Perspectives on Consumer Response to Sales Promotion,” in Research on Sales Promotion: Collected papers, Katherine E. Jocz, ed., 1–22, Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Sayman, Serdar S., and Jagmohan S. Raju (2004), “How Category Characteristics Affect the Number of Store Brands Offered by the Retailer: A Model and Empirical Analysis,” Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), 279–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffman, Leon G., and Leslie L. Kanuk (2007), Consumer Behavior, 9th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Sprott, David E., and Terence A. Shimp (2004), “Using Product Sampling to Augment the Perceived Quality of Store Brands,” Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), 305–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Store-brand vs. Name-brand Taste-off, (2012), Consumer Reports, 77 (10), 16–20.
   Google Scholar
• Sudhir, K., and Debabrata Talukdar (2004), “Does Store Brand Patronage Improve Store Patronage?” Review of Industrial Organization, 24 (2), 143–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, Xiao, and Jana M. Hawley (2009), “Measuring Customer-based Brand Equity: Empirical Evidence from the Sportswear Market in China,” Journal of Product and Brand Management, 18 (4), 262–271.
   Google Scholar
• Vahie, Archna, and Audhesh Paswan (2006), “Private Label Brand Image: Its Relationship with Store Image and National Brand,” International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 34 (1), 67–84.
   Google Scholar
• Villarejo-Ramos, Angel F., and Manuel J. Sanchez-Franco (2005), “The Impact of Marketing Communication and Price Promotion on Brand Equity,” Journal of Brand Management, 12 (6), 431–444.
   Google Scholar
• Washburn, Judith H., and Richard E. Plank (2002), “Measuring Brand Equity: An Evolution of a Consumer-based Brand Equity Scale,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10 (1), 46–62.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Paul C. S., Gary Y. Y. Yeh, and Chieh-Ru Hsiao (2011), “The Effect of Store Image and Service Quality on Brand Image and Purchase Intention for Private Label Brands,” Australasian Marketing Journal, 19 (1), 30–39.
   Google Scholar
• Yoo, Boonghee, and Naveen Donthu (2001), “Developing and Validating a Multidimensional Consumer-based Brand Equity,” Journal of Business Research, 52 (1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, Boonghee, Naveen Donthu, and Sungho Lee (2000), “An Examination of Selected Marketing Mix Elements and Brand Equity,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (2), 195–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar