Speech Perception in Noise Deficit in Individuals with Dyslexia: A Meta-Analysis

References

• Ahissar, M. (2007). Dyslexia and the anchoring-deficit hypothesis. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(11), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahissar, M., Lubin, Y., Putter-Katz, H., & Banai, K. (2006). Dyslexia and the failure to form a perceptual anchor. Nature Neuroscience, 9(12), 1558–1564. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S., & Kraus, N. (2010). Sensory-cognitive interaction in the neural encoding of speech in noise: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 21(9), 575–585. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.21.9.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S., Skoe, E., Chandrasekaran, B., & Kraus, N. (2010). Neural timing is linked to speech perception in noise. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(14), 4922–4926. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0107-10.2010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, D. V., & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment: Same or different? Psychological Bulletin, 130(6), 858–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, D. V. M. (2007). Using mismatch negativity to study central auditory processing in developmental language and literacy impairments: Where are we, and where should we be going? Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boets, B., Op de Beeck, H. P., Vandermosten, M., Scott, S. K., Gillebert, C. R., Mantini, D., Bulthé, J., Sunaert, S., Wouters, J., & Ghesquière, P. (2013). Intact but less accessible phonetic representations in adults with dyslexia. Science, (), Vol. 342(6163), pp. 1251–1254. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244333
   Google Scholar
• Boets, B., Vandermosten, M., Poelmans, H., Luts, H., Wouters, J., & Ghesquière, P. (2011). Preschool impairments in auditory processing and speech perception uniquely predict future reading problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boets, B., Wouters, J., van Wieringen, A., De Smedt, B., & Ghesquiere, P. (2008). Modelling relations between sensory processing, speech perception, orthographic and phonological ability, and literacy achievement. Brain and Language, 106(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2007.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcus, A., Colin, C., Deltenre, P., & Kolinsky, R. (2015a). Informational masking of complex tones in dyslexic children. Neuroscience Letters, 584, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcus, A., Colin, C., Deltenre, P., & Kolinsky, R. (2015b). Informational masking of speech in dyslexic children. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(6), EL496–502. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4922012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcus, A., Deltenre, P., Colin, C., & Kolinsky, R. Peripheral and central contribution to the difficulty of speech in noise perception in dyslexic children. (2018). Developmental Science, 21(3), e12558. Article e12558. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcus, A., Hoonhorst, I., Colin, C., Deltenre, P., & Kolinsky, R. (2018). The “rowdy classroom problem” in children with dyslexia: A review. In T. Lachmann & T. Weis (Eds.), Reading and dyslexia: From basic functions to higher order cognition (pp. 183–211). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90805-2_10
   Google Scholar
• Calcus, A., Lorenzi, C., Collet, G., Colin, C., & Kolinsky, R. (2016). Is there a relationship between speech identification in noise and categorical perception in children with dyslexia? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 59(4), 835–852. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-15-0076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castles, A., & Coltheart, M. (1993). Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition, 47(2), 149–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(93)90003-e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran, B., Hornickel, J., Skoe, E., Nicol, T., & Kraus, N. (2009). Context-dependent encoding in the human auditory brainstem relates to hearing speech in noise: Implications for developmental dyslexia. Neuron, 64(3), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chermak, G. D., Vonhof, M. R., & Bendel, R. B. (1989). Word identification performance in the presence of competing speech and noise in learning disabled adults. Ear and Hearing, 10(2), 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-198904000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, J., Nicol, T., Zecker, S. G., Bradlow, A., & Kraus, N. (2001). Neurobiologic responses to speech in noise in children with learning problems: Deficits and strategies for improvement. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(5), 758–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00465-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Destoky, F., Bertels, J., Niesen, M., Wens, V., Vander Ghinst, M., Leybaert, J., Lallier, M., Ince, R., Gross, J., De Tiège, X., Bourguignon, M., & Griffiths, T. D. (2020). Cortical tracking of speech in noise accounts for reading strategies in children. PLoS Biology, 18(8), e3000840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Destoky, F., Bertels, J., Niesen, M., Wens, V., Vander Ghinst, M., Rovai, A., Trotta, N., Lallier, M., De Tiège, X., & Bourguignon, M. (2022). The role of reading experience in atypical cortical tracking of speech and speech-in-noise in dyslexia. NeuroImage, 253, 119061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dole, M., Hoen, M., & Meunier, F. (2012). Speech-in-noise perception deficit in adults with dyslexia: Effects of background type and listening configuration. Neuropsychologia, 50(7), 1543–1552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donolato, E., Cardillo, R., Mammarella, I. C., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2021). Research review: Language and specific learning disorders in children and their co-occurrence with internalizing and externalizing problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(5), 507–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlach, N. I., Mason, C. R., Kidd, G., Jr., Arbogast, T. L., Colburn, H. S., & Shinn-Cunningham, B. G. (2003). Note on informational masking. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(6), 2984–2987. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1570435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56(2), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eden, G. F., & Vaidya, C. J. (2008). ADHD and developmental dyslexia: Two pathways leading to impaired learning. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1145(1), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1416.022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bmj, 315(7109), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, Z., & Tipton, E. (2015). Robumeta: An R-package for robust variance estimation in meta-analysis. ArXiv:1503.02220 [Stat]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02220
   Google Scholar
• Francis, D. A., Caruana, N., Hudson, J. L., & McArthur, G. M. (2019). The association between poor reading and internalising problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 67, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, A., François, C., Chobert, J., Besson, M., & Ziegler, J. C. (2019). Behavioral and electrophysiological investigation of speech perception deficits in silence, noise and envelope conditions in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 130, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, C., & Bi, H. Y. (2020). Auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia: A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 396–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazan, V., Messaoud-Galusi, S., & Rosen, S. (2013). The effect of talker and intonation variability on speech perception in noise in children with dyslexia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/10-0107)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazan, V., Messaoud-Galusi, S., Rosen, S., Nouwens, S., & Shakespeare, B. (2009). Speech perception abilities of adults with dyslexia: Is there any evidence for a true deficit? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52(6), 1510–1529. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0220)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. V., Tipton, E., & Johnson, M. C. (2010). Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(1), 39–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue, T., Higashibara, F., Okazaki, S., & Maekawa, H. (2011). Speech perception in noise deficits in Japanese children with reading difficulties: Effects of presentation rate. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2748–2757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joanisse, M. F., Manis, F. R., Keating, P., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2000). Language deficits in dyslexic children: Speech perception, phonology, and morphology. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77(1), 30–60. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, J., Chasin, M., English, K., Hood, L. J., & Tillery, K. L. (2014). Handbook of clinical audiology (7nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Schwalje, A. T., Liu, A. S., Gander, P. E., McMurray, B., Griffiths, T. D., & Choi, I. (2021). Pre- and post-target cortical processes predict speech-in-noise performance. NeuroImage, 228, 117699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, J. M., Vandermosten, M., Ghesquiere, P., & Wouters, J. (2014). The relationship of phonological ability, speech perception, and auditory perception in adults with dyslexia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. Article 482. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, J. M., Vandermosten, M., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2017). Predicting future reading problems based on pre-reading auditory measures: A longitudinal study of children with a familial risk of dyslexia. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibold, L. J. (2017). Speech perception in complex acoustic environments: Developmental effects. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60(10), 3001–3008. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., & Bi, H. Y. (2022). Comparative research on neural dysfunction in children with dyslexia under different writing systems: A meta-analysis study. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 137, 104650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, J. L. (1994). Gradual emergence of developmental language disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 37(3), 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3703.608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride Chang, C. (1995). Phonological processing, speech perception, and reading disability: An integrative review. Educational Psychologist, 30(3), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3003_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride Chang, C. (1996). Models of speech perception and phonological processing in reading. Child Development, 67(4), 1836–1856. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messaoud-Galusi, S., Hazan, V., & Rosen, S. (2011). Investigating speech perception in children with dyslexia: Is there evidence of a consistent deficit in individuals? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(6), 1682–1701. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/09-0261)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nittrouer, S., Krieg, L. M., & Lowenstein, J. H. (2018). Speech recognition in noise by children with and without dyslexia: How is it related to reading? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 77, 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noordenbos, M. W., & Serniclaes, W. (2015). The categorical perception deficit in dyslexia: A meta-analysis. Scientific Studies of Reading, 19(5), 340–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2015.1052455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, J., Herrero, J., Smith, E., Schevon, C., McKhann, G. M., Sheth, S. A., Mehta, A. D., & Mesgarani, N. (2019). Hierarchical encoding of attended auditory objects in multi-talker speech perception. Neuron, 104(6), 1195–1209.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulesu, E., Danelli, L., & Berlingeri, M. (2014). Reading the dyslexic brain: Multiple dysfunctional routes revealed by a new meta-analysis of PET and fMRI activation studies [Review]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrachione, T. K., Del Tufo, S. N., Winter, R., Murtagh, J., Cyr, A., Chang, P., Halverson, K., Ghosh, S. S., Christodoulou, J. A., & Gabrieli, J. (2016). Dysfunction of rapid neural adaptation in dyslexia. Neuron, 92(6), 1383–1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, R. L., Pennington, B. F., & Olson, R. K. (2013). Subtypes of developmental dyslexia: Testing the predictions of the dual-route and connectionist frameworks. Cognition, 126(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poelmans, H., Luts, H., Vandermosten, M., Boets, B., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2011). Reduced sensitivity to slow-rate dynamic auditory information in children with dyslexia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2810–2819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack, I. (1975). Auditory informational masking. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 57(S1), S5. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1995329
   Google Scholar
• Quintana, D. S. (2015). From pre-registration to publication: A non-technical primer for conducting a meta-analysis to synthesize correlational data. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramus, F., & Szenkovits, G. (2008). What phonological deficit? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(1), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210701508822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richlan, F., Kronbichler, M., & Wimmer, H. (2011). Meta-analyzing brain dysfunctions in dyslexic children and adults. NeuroImage, 56(3), 1735–1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronen, M., Lifshitz-Ben-Basat, A., Taitelbaum-Swead, R., & Fostick, L. (2018). Auditory temporal processing, reading, and phonological awareness among aging adults. Acta Psychologica, 190, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte-Körne, G., & Bruder, J. (2010). Clinical neurophysiology of visual and auditory processing in dyslexia: A review. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121(11), 1794–1809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.04.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte-Körne, G., Deimel, W., Bartling, J., & Remschmidt, H. (1998). Auditory processing and dyslexia: Evidence for a specific speech processing deficit. Neuroreport, 9(2), 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199801260-00029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serniclaes, W., Van Heghe, S., Mousty, P., Carré, R., & Sprenger-Charolles, L. (2004). Allophonic mode of speech perception in dyslexia. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 87(4), 336–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, M., Purdy, S. C., Newall, P., Wheldall, K., Beaman, R., & Dillon, H. (2006). Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(5), 1130–1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2005). Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1301–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Pugh, K. R., Fulbright, R. K., Constable, R. T., Mencl, W. E., Shankweiler, D. P., Liberman, A. M., Skudlarski, P., Fletcher, J. M., Katz, L., Marchione, K. E., Lacadie, C., Gatenby, C., & Gore, J. C. (1998). Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(5), 2636–2641. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowling, M., Goulandris, N., Bowlby, M., & Howell, P. (1986). Segmentation and speech perception in relation to reading skill: A developmental analysis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41(3), 489–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(86)90006-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling, A. J., Lu, Z. L., Manis, F. R., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2005). Deficits in perceptual noise exclusion in developmental dyslexia. Nature Neuroscience, 8(7), 862–863. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling, A. J., Lu, Z. L., Manis, F. R., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2006). Motion-perception deficits and reading impairment: It’s the noise, not the motion. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01825.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne, J. A., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R., Lau, J., Carpenter, J., Rücker, G., Harbord, R. M., Schmid, C. H., Tetzlaff, J., Deeks, J. J., Peters, J., Macaskill, P., Schwarzer, G., Duval, S., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & Higgins, J. P. (2011). Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Bmj, 343(jul22 1), d4002. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, D. J., & Francis, A. L. (2017). Toward a taxonomic model of attention in effortful listening. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(4), 809–825. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-017-0513-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton, A. J. (2009). Publication bias. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), 2. The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (pp. 435–452). Russel Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Talcott, J. B., & Witton, C. (2002). A sensory-linguistic approach to normal and impaired reading development. In E. Witruk, A. D. Friederici, & T. Lachmann (Eds.), Basic functions of language, reading and reading disability (pp. 213–240). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1011-6_13
   Google Scholar
• Van Hirtum, T., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2019). Atypical neural processing of rise time by adults with dyslexia. Cortex, 113, 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hirtum, T., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2021). A bridge over troubled listening: Improving speech-in-noise perception by children with dyslexia. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology: JARO, 22(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-021-00793-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hirtum, T., Moncada-Torres, A., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2019). Speech envelope enhancement instantaneously effaces atypical speech perception in dyslexia. Ear and Hearing, 40(5), 1242–1252. https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanvooren, S., Poelmans, H., De Vos, A., Ghesquière, P., & Wouters, J. (2017). Do prereaders’ auditory processing and speech perception predict later literacy? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 70, 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellutino, F. R., Fletcher, J. M., Snowling, M. J., & Scanlon, D. M. (2004). Specific reading disability (dyslexia): What have we learned in the past four decades? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(1), 2–40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package [Article]. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, B. U., & Miller, T. K. (1993). Auditory perception, phonological processing, and reading ability/disability. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36(4), 850–863. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, B. A., & Zecker, S. G. (2004). Learning problems, delayed development, and puberty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(26), 9942–9946. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401825101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, F. G., Nie, K., Stickney, G. S., Kong, Y. Y., Vongphoe, M., Bhargave, A., Wei, C., & Cao, K. (2005). Speech recognition with amplitude and frequency modulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(7), 2293–2298. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406460102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & McBride Chang, C. (2010). Auditory sensitivity, speech perception, and reading development and impairment. Educational Psychology Review, 22(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9137-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., & Shu, H. (2020). Sentence context differentially modulates contributions of fundamental frequency contours to word recognition in Chinese-speaking children with and without dyslexia. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. Article 598658. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler, J. C., Pech-Georgel, C., George, F., & Lorenzi, C. (2009). Speech-perception-in-noise deficits in dyslexia. Developmental Science, 12(5), 732–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00817.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar