Fatty Acids, Sterols, Polyphenols, and Chlorophylls of Olive Oils Obtained from Tunisian Wild Olive Trees (Olea europaea L. Var. Sylvestris)

REFERENCES

• Costa , C. 1998 . Olive Production in South Africa: A Handbook for Olive Growers , 124 Pretoria : Agricultural Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . DGPA/ONH. L'oléiculture tunisienne. Olivae , 61 : 12 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Visioli , F. , Bellosta , S. and Galli , C. 1997 . Cardioprotective properties of olive-derived polyphenols. Atherosclerosis , 134 : 336
   Google Scholar
• Jacotot , B. 2001 . Nutritional assets of olive oil. Olivae , 86 : 27 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Trevisan , M. , Krogh , V. , Freudenheim , J. , Blake , A. , Muti , P. , Panico , S. , Farinaro , E. , Mancini , M. , Menotti , A. and Ricci , G. 1990 . “ Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council ” . In Journal of the American Medical Association 688 – 692 . 263
   Google Scholar
• Soler , M. , Chatenoud , L. , La Vecchia , C. , Franceschi , S. and Negri , E. 1998 . “ Diet, alcohol, coffee and pancreatic cancer: Final results from an Italian study ” . In European Journal of Cancer Prevention 455 – 460 . 7
   Google Scholar
• La Vecchia , C. , Negri , E. , Franceshi , S. , Decarli , A. , Giacosa , A. and Lipworth , L. 1995 . Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy) . Cancer Causes & Control , 6 : 545 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales , M.T. , Przybylski , R. , Harwood , J. and Aparicio , R. 2000 . “ Olive oil oxidation ” . In Handbook of Olive Oil: Analysis and Properties , 459 – 490 . Gaithersburg , Maryland : Aspen Publication . InEds
   Google Scholar
• Hannachi , H. , Sommerlatte , H. , Breton , C. , Msallem , M. , El Gazzah , M. , Ben El Hadj , S. and Bervillé , A. 2009 . “ Oleaster (var Sylvestris) and subsp. cuspidate are suitable genetic resources for improvement of the olive ” . In Olea europaea subsp. europaea var europaea 393 – 403 . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution56
   Google Scholar
• Camps-Fabrer , H. 1997 . “ La culture de l'olivier en Afrique du Nord, Evolution et histoire ” . In Encyclopédie Mondial de l'Olivier , 30 – 33 . Madrid , Spain : Espagne . InInternational Olive Oil CouncilEds
   Google Scholar
• Breton , C. , Tersac , M. and Bervillé , A. 2006 . “ Genetic diversity and gene flow between the, wild olive Olea europaea L. and the olive: Several Plio-Pleistocene refuge zones in the Mediterranean basin suggested by simple sequence repeats analysis ” . In Journal of Biogeography 1916 – 1928 . 33
   Google Scholar
• Hannachi , H. , Breton , C. , Msallem , M. , Ben El Hadj , S. , El Gazzah , M. and Bervillé , A. 2010 . Genetic relationships between cultivated and wild olive trees 95 – 103 . Olea Europaea L. Var. Europaea and Var. Sylvestrisbased on nuclear and chloroplast SSR markers. Natural Resources1
   Google Scholar
• Hannachi , H. , Breton , C. , Msallem , M. , Ben El Hadj , S. , El Gazzah , M. and Bervillé , A. 2008 . Are olive cultivars distinguishable from oleaster trees based on morphology of drupes and pits, oil composition and microsatellite polymorphisms? Acta Bot Gallica , 155 ( 4 ) : 531 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe , L.D. , Schmitz , A.A. and Pelka , J.R. 1966 . Rapid preparation of fatty acids esters from lipids for gaz-chromatographic analysis . Analytical Chemistry , 38 : 514 – 515 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechevallier , D. 1966 . Les lipides des Lemnacées, analyse des acides gras des lipides des frondes de Spirodela polyrhiza . Comptes Rendus Biologie , 263 : 1848 – 1852 .
   Google Scholar
• Vasquez , R.A. , Janer del Valle , C. and Janer del Valle , M.L. 1973 . Determinacion de los polifenoles toatales del aceite de oliva. Grasa y Aceities 350 – 357 . 24
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , J.P. and Azonlay , A. 1968 . Manuel d'Analyse des Corps Gras Paris Ed
   Google Scholar
• Nasri , N. , Fady , B. and Triki , S. 2007 . “ Quantification of sterols and aliphatic alcohols in Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) populations ” . In Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2251 – 2255 . 55
   Google Scholar
• IOOC . 1992 . “ The international olive oil market ” . In Olivae 9 – 13 . 43
   Google Scholar
• Abaza , L. , Msallem , M. , Daoud , D. and Zarrouk , M. 2002 . Caractérisation des huiles de sept variétés d'olivier tunisiennes . Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides , 9 : 174 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Breene , W.M. , Lin , S. , Hardman , L. and Orf , J. 2007 . Protein and oil content of soybeans from different geographic locations . Journal of the American Oil Chemists’. Society , 65 : 927 – 1931 .
   Google Scholar
• Kratz , M. , Cullen , P. , Kannenberg , F. , Kassner , A. , Fobker , M. , Abuja , P.M. , Assmann , G. and Wahrburg , U. 2002 . Effects of dietary fatty acids on the composition and oxidizability of low-density lipo-protein . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 56 : 72 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elfalleh , W. , Ying , M. , Nasri , N. , Sheng-hua , H. , Guasmi , F. and Ferchichi , A. 2011 . Fatty acids from Tunisian and Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds . International Journal of Food Science & Nutrition , 62 ( 3 ) : 200 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador , M.D. , Aranda , F. and Fregapane , G. 1998 . Chemical composition of commercial cornicabra virgin oil from 1995/96 and 1996/97 crops . Journal of the American Oil Chemist's Society , 75 : 1305 – 1311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murkovic , M. , Lechmer , S. , Pietzka , A. , Bratacos , M. and Katzoiamnos , E. 2004 . Analysis of minor components in olive oil . Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods , 61 : 155 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Servili , M. , Selvaggini , R. , Esposto , S. , Taticchi , A. , Montedoro , G. and Morozzi , G. 2004 . Health and sensory properties of virgin olive oil hydrophilic phenols: Agronomic and technological aspects of production that affect their occurrence in the oil . Journal of Chromatography A , 1054 : 113 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , D. , Prenzler , P.D. , Lavee , S. , Antolovich , M. and Robards , K. 2003 . Quantitative changes in phenolic content during physiocological development of the olive cultivar Hardy's Mamouth . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 51 : 2532 – 2538 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecchi , T. , Passamonti , P. , Alfei , B. and Cecchi , P. 2011 . Monovarietal extra virgin olive oils from the Marche Region, Italy: Analytical and sensory characterization . International Journal of Food Properties , 14 ( 3 ) : 483 – 495 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tura , D. , Gigliotti , C. , Pedò , S. , Failla , O. , Bassi , D. and Serraiocco , A. 2007 . “ Influence of cultivar and site of cultivation on levels of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in virgin olive oils (Olea europea L.) and correlations with oxidative stability ” . In Scientia Horticulturae 108 – 119 . 112
   Google Scholar
• Gandul , B. and Minguez , M.I. 1996 . Chlorophylls and carotenoid composition in virgin olive oils from various Spanish olive varieties . Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture , 72 : 31 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krichene , D. , Taamalli , W. , Daoud , D. , Salvador , M.D. , Fregapane , G.D. and Zarrouk , M. 2007 . Phenolic compounds, tocopherols and other minor components in virgin olive oils of some Tunisian varieties . Journal of Food Biochemistry , 31 : 194 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceci , L.N. and Carelli , A.A. 2007 . Characterization of monovarietal Argentinian olive oils from new productive zones . Journal of the American Oil Chemist's Society , 84 : 1125 – 1136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakouhi , F. , Absalon , Ch. , Flamini , G. , Cioni , P.L. , Kallel , H. and Boukhchina , S. 2010 . “ Lipid components of olive oil from Tunisian Cv. Sayali: Characterization and authenticity ” . In Comptes Rendus Biologie 642 – 648 . 33
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Chávez , L.M. , Valdivia-Lόpez , M.L.A. , Aburto-Juárez , M.L.A. and Tecante , A. 2008 . Chemical characterization of the lipid fraction of Mexican Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) . International Journal of Food Properties , 11 ( 3 ) : 687 – 697 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weststrate , J.A. and Meijer , G.W. 1998 . Plant sterol-enriched margarines and reduction of plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolemic and mildy hypercholesterolemic subjects . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 52 : 334 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Jimenez , F. , Espino , A. , Lopez-Segura , F. , Blanco , J. , Ruiz-Gutierrez , V. , Prada , J.L. , Lopez-Miranda , J. , Jimenez-Pereperez , J. and Ordovas , J.M. 1995 . Lipoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic males consuming oleic acid-rich diets from two different sources: Olive oil and oleic-rich sunflower . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 62 : 769 – 775 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas , J.S. , Bueno , E.O. , García , A.M. and Cano , M.M. 2004 . Sterol and erythrodiol + uvaol content of virgin olive oils from cultivars of Extremadura (Spain) . Food Chemistry , 87 : 225 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aravanis , C. , Corcondilas , A. , Dontas , A.S. , Lekos , D. and Keys , A. 1970 . Coronary heart disease in seven countries . IX. The Greek islands of Cret and Corfu. Circulation , 41 : 188 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Stark , A.H. and Madar , Z. 2002 . Olive oil as a functional food: Epidemiology and nutritional approaches . Nutrition Reviews , 60 : 170 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuoka , K. , Nakazawa , T. , Nakamura , A. , Honda , C. , Endo , K. and Tsukada , M. 2008 . Study of thermodynamic parameters of solubilization of plant sterol and stanol in bile salt micelles . Chemistry and Physics of Lipids , 154 : 87 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger , A. , Jones , P.J. and Abumweis , S.S. 2004 . Plant sterols: Factors affecting their efficacy and safety as functional food ingredients . Lipids in Health and Disease , 3 : 5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar