Phenolic Profile of Tunisian Opuntia Ficus Indica Thornless form Flowers via Chromatographic and Spectral Analysis by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV-Photodiode Array and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometer

REFERENCES

• Han , H. and Felker , P. 1997 . Field validation of water-use efficiency of a CAM plant Opuntia ellisiana in south Texas . Journal of Arid Environments , 36 : 133 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadan , F.M. and Mörsel , J.T. 2003 . Oil cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica L.) . Food chemistry , 82 : 339 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stintzing , F.C. , Herbach , K.M. , Mosshammer , M.R. , Carle , R. , Yi , W.G. , Sellappan , S. , Akoh , R. , Bunch , C.C. and Color , Felke, P. 2005 . betalain pattern, and antioxidant properties of cactus pear (Opuntia spp. ) clones . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 53 : 442 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stintzing , F.C. and Carle . 2005 . R. Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.) . A review on their chemistry, technology, and uses. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research , 49 : 175 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesoriere , L. , Fazzari , M. , Allegra , M. and Livrea , M.A. 2005 . Biothiols, taurine, and lipid-soluble antioxidants in the edible pulp of Sicilian cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruits and changes of bioactive juice components upon industrial processing . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 53 : 7851 – 7855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Kossori , R.L. , Villaume , C. , El-Boustani , E. , Sauvaire , Y. and Mejean , L. 1998 . Composition of pulp, skin and seeds of prickly pears fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica sp.) . Plant Foods for Human Nutrition , 52 ( 3 ) : 263 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stintzing , F.C. , Schieber , A. and Carle , R. 2001 . Phytochemical and nutritional significance of cactus pear . European Food Research Technology , 212 : 396 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou , D.M. , Brewer , M. , Garcia , F. , Feugang , J.M. , Wang , J. , Zang , R. , Liu , H. and Zou , C. 2005 . Cactus pear: a natural product in cancer chemoprevention . Nutrition Journal , 4 : 25 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad , A. , Davies , J. , Randall , S. and Skinner , G.R.B. 1996 . Antiviral properties of extract of Opuntia streptacantha . Antiviral Research , 30 : 75 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , E.H. , Kahng , J.H. , Lee , S.H. and Shin , K.H. 2001 . An anti-inflammatory principle from cactus . Fitoterapia , 72 : 288 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesoriere , L. , Butera , D. , Pintaudi , M. , Allegra , M. and Livrea , M.A. 2004 . Supplementation with cactus pear (O. ficus indica) fruit decreases oxidative stress in healthy humans: A comparative study with Vit. C . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 80 : 391 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile , C. , Tesoriere , L. , Allegra , M. , Livrea , M.A. and D'Alessio , P. 2004 . Antioxidant betalains from catus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) inhibit endothelial ICAM-1 expression . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1028 : 481 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbera , G. and Inglese , P. 1993 . “ La coltura del ficodindia ” . In Edagricole-Edizioni Agricole della Calderini s.r.l. , 174 – 176 . Bologna .
   Google Scholar
• Cruse , R.R. 1973 . Desert plant chemurgy: A current review . Economic Botany , 27 : 210 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camacho-Ibanez , R. , Meckes-Lozoya , M. and Mellado-Campos , V. 1983 . The hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha studied in different animal experimental models . Journal of Ethnopharmacol , 7 : 175 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frati-Munari , A. , Jiménez , E. and Ariza , C.R. 1990 . Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia ficus indica in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients . Phytotherapy Research , 40 ( 5 ) : 195 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimienta , B.E. 1990 . El Nopal Tunero , 1st , 246 Jalisco , Mexico : Universidad de Guadalajara .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez , L.M. , Lin , E.C.K. , Trejo , A. and McNamara , D.J. 1994 . Prickly pear (Opuntia sp.) . pectin alters hepatic cholesterol metabolism without affecting cholesterol absorption in guinea pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Journal of Nutrition , 124 : 817 – 824 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosado , J.L. and Diaz , M. 1995 . Physicochemical properties related to gastrointestinal effects of six dietary fibers . Revista de Investigacion Clinica , 47 : 283 – 289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcoleo , A. , Ruccia , M. and Natoli , M.C. 1966 . β-Sitosterol from flowers of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) . Atti Accademici Scientifici. Lettere Arti Palermo , 25 : 323 – 332 .
   Google Scholar
• Sisini , A. 1969 . Sulla glucoso-6-fosfato isomerasi in Opuntia ficus indica . Bollettino Società Italiana di Biologica Sperimentale , 45 : 794 – 796 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galati , E.M. , Tripodo , M.M. , Trovato , A. , Miceli , N. and Monforte , M.T. 2002 . Biological effect of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) . Mill. (Cactaceae) wast matter. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 79 : 17 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butera , D. , Tesoriere , L. , Di Gaudio , F. , Bongiorno , A. , Allegra , M. , Pintaudi , A.M. , Kohen , R. and Livrea , M.A. 2002 . Antioxidant activities of Sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: Betanin and indicaxanthin . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 50 : 6895 – 6901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuti , J.O. 2004 . Antioxidant compounds from four Opuntia cactus pear fruit varieties . Food Chemistry , 85 : 527 – 533 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuti , J.O. 1992 . Growth and compositional changes during the development of prickly pear fruit . Journal of Horticulture Science , 67 : 861 – 868 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi , F. , Janitha , P.K. and Wanasundara , P.D. 1992 . Phenolic antioxidanta, critical previous term reviews next term . Food Science Nutrition , 32 : 67 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aires , V. , Adote , S. , Hichami , A. , Moutairou , K. , Boustani , E.S.E. and Khan , N.A. 2004 . Modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations and T cell activation by prickly pear polyphenols . Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , 260 : 103 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcoleo , A. , Billino , A. and Ruccia , M. 1962 . Flavonoid pigments from family Opuntiae . The structure of a flavonoid glucoside from Opuntia ficus indica. Atti Accademici Scientifici, Lettere Arti Palermo , 22 : 115 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• El-Moghazy , A.M. , El-Sayyad , S.M. , Abdel-Baky , A.M. and Bechait , E.Y. 1984 . A phytochemical study of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) . Mill cultivated in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 23 : 247 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• De Leo , M. , Bruzual , De Abreu , Pawlowska , M. , Cioni , A.M. and Barca , P.L. 2010 . A. Profiling the chemical content of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and GC/EIMS analyses . Phytochemistry Letters , 3 : 48 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katalinic , V. , Mozina , S.S. , Generalic , I. , Skroza , D. , Ljubenkov , I , Phenolic profile , Klancnik, A. and antioxidant , capacity . and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from six Vitis vinifera L. varieties , International Journal of Food Properties 2013, 16 (1), 45–60 .
   Google Scholar
• Wollenweber . 1982 . “ E. Flavones and flavonols ” . In The Flavonoids: Advances in Researches , Edited by: Harborne , J.B. and Mabry , T.J . 240 – 242 . London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kandaswami , C. and Middleton , E. 1994 . “ The impact of plant flavonoids on mammalian biology ” . In The Flavonoids Advances in Research Since 1986; , Edited by: Harborne , J.B. 619 – 652 . London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hadj Salem , J. 2009 . Extraction, identification, caractérisation des activités biologiques de flavonoïdes de Nitraria retusa et synthèse de dérivés acyles de ces molécules par voie enzymatique , 190 Nancy , France : Thèse de l'institut national polytechnique de lorraine .
   Google Scholar
• Halim , A.F. , Saad , H.E. and Hashish , N.E. 1995 . Flavonol glycosides from Nitraria retusa, Egypt . Phytochemistry , 40 : 349 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcoleo , A. , Ruccia , M. and Cusmando , S. 1961 . Flavonoid pigments from Opuntia . I. Isorhamnetin from flowers Opuntia ficus indica. Annal Chimica , 51 : 81
   Google Scholar
• Burret , F. , Lebreton , P. and Voirin , B. 1982 . Les aglycones flavoniques des Cactées: Distribution, signification . Journal Natural Products , 45 : 687 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , B.N. and McLaughlin , J.L. A note on the phytochemistry of Opuntia (Cactaceae) . Cactus & Succulent Journal (USA) 1982 , 54 226 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J.M. and Bohm , B.A. 1982 . Flavonol and dihydroflavonol glycosides of Echinocerus triglochidatus var . gurneyi. Phytochemistry , 21 : 951 – 952 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosler , H. , Rosler , U. , Mabry , T.J. and Kagan , J. 1966 . The flavonoid pigments of Opuntia lindheimeri . Phytochemistry , 5 : 189 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , W.D. and Parfitt , B.D. 1980 . Flower flavonoids of Opuntia series Opuntiae . Phytochemistry , 19 : 1856 – 1857 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabbir , M. and Zaman , A. 1968 . Chemical investigation of the flowers of Opuntia elatior . Journal of Indian Chemical Society , 45 : 81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , S.K. , Yoneda , F. , Oide , H. , M , Sakae and Isorhamnetin . 1998 . 3-O-robinobioside, its manufacture and testosterone 5 α-reductase inhibitors and therapeutics containing the flavonoid derivative. Japanese Kokai Tokkyo Koho , 7 pp
   Google Scholar