Isolation and Characterization of Buffalo Milk Lysozyme

REFERENCES

• GoP. Economic Survey of Pakistan (2010–2011); Government of Pakistan, Economic Adviser’s Wing, Finance Division: Islamabad, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Bilal, M.Q.; Suleman, M.; Raziq, A. Buffalo: Black gold of Pakistan. Livestock Res. for Rural Development. 2006; 18 p., http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/9/bila18128.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Jabri, A.A. Honey, milk, and antibiotics. African Journal of Biotechnology 2005, 4, 1580–1587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masschalck, B.; Deckers, D. Michiels. Lytic and nonlytic mechanism of inactivation of gram-positive bacteria by lysozyme under atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure. Journal of Food Protection 2002, 65, 916–923.
   Google Scholar
• Cegielska, R.R.; Leśnierowski, G.; Kijowski, J. Properties and application of egg white lysozyme and its modified preparations—A review. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 2008, 58 (1), 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, L.; Sun, J.-S.; Sun, L. The g-type lysozyme of scophthalmus maximus has a broad substrate spectrum and is involved in immune response against bacterial infection. Fish and Shelfish Immunology 2011, 30, 630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, D.; Zhang, T.; Xu, C.; Ji, B. Effect of pH on the interaction of baicalein with lysozyme by spectroscopic approaches. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B: Biology 2011, 104, 414–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benkerroum, N. Antimicrobial activity of lysozyme with special relevance to milk. African Journal of Biotechnology 2008, 25, 4856–4867.
   Google Scholar
• Bachali, S.; Jager, M.; Hassanin, A.; Schoentgen, F.; Jollès, P.; Fiala-Medioni, A. Phylogenetic analysis of invertebrate lysozymes and the evolution of lysozyme function. Journal of Molecular Evolution 2002, 54, 652–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El-Aziz, M. Study on lysozyme level, distribution and effect of heat treatment in buffalo and cow milk. Journal Annals of Agricultural Science 2006, 51 (2), 439–446.
   Google Scholar
• Chandan, R.C.; Ereifej, K.I. Determination of lysozyme in raw fruits and vegetables. Journal of Food Science 1981, 46 (4), 1278–1279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callewaert, L.; Michiels, C.W. Lysozymes in the animal kingdom. Journal of Biosciences 2010, 35, 127–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, D.M.; Gong, Z. Molecular evolution of vertebrate goose-type lysozyme genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 2003, 56, 234–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahoo, N.R.; Kumar, P.; Bhusan, B.; Bhattacharya, T.K.; Dayal, S.; Sahoo, M. Lysozyme in livestock: A guide to selection for disease resistance: A review. Journal of Animal Sciences Advances 2012, 2 (4), 347–360.
   Google Scholar
• Hirakawa, H.; Ochi, A.; Kawahara, Y.; Kawamura, S.; Torikata, T.; Kuhara, S. Catalytic reaction mechanism of goose egg white lysozyme by molecular modeling of enzyme substrate complex. Journal of Biochemistry 2008, 144, 753–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helland, R.; Larsen, R.L.; Finstad, S.; Kyomuhendo, P.; Larsen, A.N. Crystal structures of g-type lysozyme from Atlantic cod shed new light on substrate binding and the catalytic mechanism. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2009, 66, 2585–2598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losnedahl, K.J.; Wang, H.; Aslam, M. Antimicrobial proteins in milk. Journal of Diary Sciences 1996, 84, 1123–1127.
   Google Scholar
• Tenovuo, J. Clinical applications of antimicrobial host proteins lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin in xerostomia: Efficacy and safety. Oral Diseases 2002, 8, 23–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraswathi, N.T.; Sankarayanan, R.; Vijayan, M. Effect of stabilizing additives on the structure and hydration of proteins. Acta Crystallographica Section D 2002, 58, 1162–1167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shugar, D. The measurement of lysozyme activity and the ultra-violet inactivation of lysozyme. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1952, 8 (3), 302–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priyadarshini, S.; Kansal, V.K. Purification, characterization, antibacterial activity and N-terminal sequencing of buffalo-milk lysozyme. Journal of Dairy Research 2002a, 69, 419–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priyadarshini, S.; Kansal, V.K. Biochemical characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk lysozyme. Journal of Dairy Research 2003, 70, 467–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, A.W.; Kirby, W.M.M.; Sherris, J.C.; Turck, M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1966, 45 (4), 493–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel, R.G.D.; Torrie, J.H.; Dickey, D. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, 3rd Ed; McGraw Hills Book Co. Inc.: New York, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, P.F.; Kelly, A.L. Indigenous enzymes in milk: Overview and historical aspects—Part 2. International Dairy Journal 2006, 16 (6), 517–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugai, S.; Ikeguchi, M.; Shimizu, A. Characteristic properties of equine milk proteins. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 1999, 34, 437–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elagamy, E.I. Effect of heat treatment on camel milk proteins with respect to antimicrobial factors: A comparison with cow’s and buffalo milk proteins. Food Chemistry 2000, 68 (2), 227–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed, M.A.; Larsson-Raznikiewicz, M. Heat treatment of camel milk—Effects up on casein fraction. Milchwissenschaft 1991, 46, 562–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duhaiman, A.S. Purification of camel milk lysozyme and its lytic effect on Escherichia coli and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology—Part B 1988, 91 (4), 793–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, A.M.; Ibrahimi, I.M. Electrophoretic polymorphisrn in rabbit tear lysozyme. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1995, 112B (1), 21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Priyadarshini, S.; Kansal, V.K. Lysozyme activity in buffalo milk: Effect of lactation period, parity, mastitis, season in India, pH, and milk processing heat treatment. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2002b, 15 (6), 895–899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahud, J.J.; Widmer, F. Calf rennet lysozyme. Biochemical Journal 1982, 201, 661–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, H.A.; White, F.H. Determination of lysozyme activity at low levels with emphasis on the milk enzyme. Analytical Biochemistry 1986, 157 (2), 367–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, X.; Zhang, L.; Tian, Y.; Tan, A.; Bai, J.; Li, S. Identification and expression analysis of the g-type and c-type lysozymes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2010, 34, 501–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliday, J.A.; Bell, K.; Shaw, D.C. Feline and canine milk lysozymes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology—Part B. 1993, 106 (4), 859–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolelis, A.N.; Hartsell, S.E. Factors affecting the lytic activity of lysozyme. Journal of Bacteriology 1952, 63, 665–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidhan, V.; Gurnani, S. Kinetic characterization of rat liver nuclear lysozyme. Journal of Biosciences 1982, 4 (2), 191–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. Lysozyme and its relation to antibacterial properties of various tissues and secretions. Archives of Pathology Journal 1940, 30, 1096–1134.
   Google Scholar
• Miyauchi, K.; Matsumiya, M.; Mochizuki, A. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from purple Washington clam Saxidomus purpurata. Fisheries Sciences 2006, 72, 1300–1305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikaido, H.; Vaara, M. Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1985, 49, 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez, R.J.; Carroll, S.F. Sequential metabolic expressions of the lethal process in human serum-treated Escherichia coli: Role of lysozyme. Infection and Immunity 1980, 28, 735–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar