Geographical origin of imported and domestic teas (Camellia sinensis) from Turkey as determined by stable isotope signatures

References

• FAOSTAT. Statistics Division 2016. Available via FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor. ( accessed 10 June 2016). 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Pilgrim, T.S.; Watling, R.J.; Grice, K. Application of Trace Element and Stable Isotope Signatures to Determine the Provenance of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Samples. Food Chemistry 2010, 118, 921–926.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcos, A.; Fisher, A.; Rea, G.; Hill, S.J. Preliminary Study Using Trace Element Concentrations and a Chemometrics Approach to Determine the Geographical Origin of Tea. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1998, 13, 521–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreda-Piñeiro, A.; Fisher, A.; Hill, S.J. The Classification of Tea According to Region of Origin using Pattern Recognition Techniques and Trace Metal Data. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2003, 16, 195–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, K.; Lane, G.A.; Otter, D.E.; Hemar, Y.; Quek, S.-Y.; Harrison, S.J.; Rasmussen, S. Analysis of Metabolic Markers of Tea Origin by UHPLC and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Food Research International 2013, 53, 827–835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tontul, I.; Torun, M.; Dincer, C.; Sahin-Nadeem, H.; Topuz, A.; Turna, T.; Ozdemir, F. Comparative Study on Volatile Compounds in Turkish Green Tea Powder: Impact of Tea Clone, Shading Level and Shooting Period. Food Research International 2013, 53, 744–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z.; Baldermann, S.; Watanabe, N. Recent Studies of the Volatile Compounds in Tea. Food Research International 2013, 53, 585–599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, M.-M.; Chen, S.-M. Determination of Amino Acids in Tea Leaves and Beverages Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Light-emitting Diode-induced Fluorescence Detection. Talanta 2007, 73, 326–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beelders, T.; Sigge, G.O.; Joubert, E.; de Beer, D.; de Villiers, A. Kinetic Optimisation of the Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis) Phenolics on Conventional High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Instrumentation. Journal of Chromatography A 2012, 1219, 128–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L.; Xu, R.; Hu, B.; Li, W.; Sun, Y.; Tu, Y.; Zeng, X. Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Chinese Teas and Flower of Tea Plant by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Solid-phase Extraction. Food Chemistry 2010, 123, 1259–1266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Wan, X. A Novel Colorimetric Determination of Free Amino Acids Content in Tea Infusions with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2009, 22, 137–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagad, R.A.; Alamelu, D.; Laskar, A.H.; Rai, V.K.; Singh, S.K.; Aggarwal, S.K. Isotope Signature Study of the Tea Samples Produced at Four Different Regions in India. Analytical Methods 2013, 5, 1604–1611.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L.; Pan, J.R.; Zhu, C. Determination of the Geographical Origin of Chinese Teas Based on Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 2012, 13, 824–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H.-C.; You, C.-F.; Chen, C.-Y.; Liu, Y.-C.; Chung, M.-T. Geographic Determination of Coffee Beans Using Multi-element Analysis and Isotope Ratios of Boron and Strontium. Food Chemistry 2014, 142, 439–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, C.I.; Maia, R.; Miranda, M.; Ribeirinho, M.; Nogueira, J.M.F.; Máguas, C. Stable Isotope Analysis for Green Coffee Bean: A Possible Method for Geographic Origin Discrimination. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2009, 22, 463–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinca, O.-R.; Ionete, R.E.; Popescu, R.; Costinel, D.; Radu, G.-L. Geographical and Botanical Origin Discrimination of Romanian Honey Using Complex Stable Isotope Data and Chemometrics. Food Analytical Methods 2015, 8, 401–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camin, F.; Larcher, R.; Nicolini, G.; Bontempo, L.; Bertoldi, D.; Perini, M.; Schlicht, C.; Schellenberg, A.; Thomas, F.; Heinrich, K.; Voerkelius, S.; Horacek, M.; Ueckermann, H.; Froeschl, H.; Wimmer, B.; Heiss, G.; Baxter, M.; Rossmann, A.; Hoogewerff, J. Isotopic and Elemental Data for Tracing the Origin of European Olive Oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58, 570–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bong, Y.-S.; Shin, W.-J.; Gautam, M.K.; Jeong, Y.-J.; Lee, A.R.; Jang, C.-S.; Lim, Y.-P.; Chung, G.-S.; Lee, K.-S. Determining the Geographical Origin of Chinese Cabbages Using Multielement Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratio Analyses. Food Chemistry 2012, 135, 2666–2674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodushkin, I.; Baxter, D.C.; Engström, E.; Hoogewerff, J.; Horn, P.; Papesch, W.; Watling, J.; Latkoczy, C.; van der Peijl, G.; Berends-Montero, S.; Ehleringer, J.; Zdanowicz, V. Elemental and Isotopic Characterization of Cane and Beet Sugars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2011, 24, 70–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, G.J.; Danho, D.; Vallet, C. Natural Isotope Fractionation in the Discrimination of Sugar Origins. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1991, 56, 419–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, G.P.; Rau, Y.H.; Chen, Y.F.; Chou, C.C.; Fu, W.G. Measurements of δD and δ18O Stable Isotope Ratios in Milk. Journal of Food Science 2003, 68, 2192–2195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, D.; Dong, H.; Luo, H.; Xian, Y.; Guo, X.; Wu, Y. Multi-Element (C, N, H, O) Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Determining the Geographical Origin of Pure Milk from Different Regions. Food Analytical Methods 2016, 9, 437–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longobardi, F.; Casiello, G.; Sacco, D.; Tedone, L.; Sacco, A. Characterisation of the Geographical Origin of Italian Potatoes, based on Stable Isotope and Volatile Compound Analyses. Food Chemistry 2011, 124, 1708–1713.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, Y.; Chikaraishi, Y.; Ogawa, N.O.; Ohkouchi, N.; Korenaga, T. Geographical Origin of Polished Rice Based on Multiple Element and Stable Isotope Analyses. Food Chemistry 2008, 109, 470–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, I.-M.; Kim, J.-K.; Prabakaran, M.; Yang, J.-H.; Kim, S.-H. Authenticity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Geographical Origin Based on Analysis of C, N, O and S Stable Isotope Ratios: A Preliminary Case Report in Korea, China and Philippine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2016, 96(7), 2433–2439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumin, S.; Boli, G.; Yimin, W.; Ming-tao, F. Analysis of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions and Geographical Origins of Sheep Tissues. China Agriculture Science 2010, 43, 1670–1676.
   Google Scholar
• Bo-Li, G.; Yi-Min, W.; Simon, K.D.; Jia-Rong, P.; Shuai, W. Application of Stable Hydrogen Isotope Analysis in Beef Geographical Origin Traceability. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2009, 37, 1333–1336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashita, R.; Suzuki, Y.; Akamatsu, F.; Iizumi, Y.; Korenaga, T.; Chikaraishi, Y. Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Analysis as a Potential Tool for Verifying Geographical Origin of Beef. Analytica Chimica Acta 2008, 617, 148–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bong, Y.S.; Shin, W.J.; Lee, A.R.; Kim, Y.S.; Kim, K.; Lee, K.S. Tracing the Geographical Origin of Beefs Being Circulated in Korean Markets Based on Stable Isotopes. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: RCM 2010, 24, 155–159.
   Google Scholar
• Camin, F.; Bontempo, L.; Heinrich, K.; Horacek, M.; Kelly, S.D.; Schlicht, C.; Thomas, F.; Monahan, F.J.; Hoogewerff, J.; Rossmann, A. Multi-element (H, C, N, S) Stable Isotope Characteristics of Lamb Meat from Different European Regions. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2007, 389, 309–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piasentier, E.; Valusso, R.; Camin, F.; Versini, G. Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Authentication of Lamb Meat. Meat Science 2003, 64, 239–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perini, M.; Camin, F.; Bontempo, L.; Rossmann, A.; Piasentier, E. Multielement (H, C, N, O, S) Stable Isotope Characteristics of Lamb Meat from different Italian Regions. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2009, 23, 2573–2585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Martin, I.; Gonzalez-Perez, C.; Hernandez Mendez, J.; Marques-Macias, E.; Sanz Poveda, F. Use of Isotope Analysis to Characterize Meat from Iberian-breed Swine. Meat Science 1999, 52, 437–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenna, J.T.; Corso, T.N.; Tobias, H.J.; Caimi, R.J. High-Precision Continuous-flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 1997, 16, 227–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, S.; Brereton, P.; Guillou, C.; Broil, H.; Laube, I.; Downey, G.; Rossman, A.; Hözl, S.; Veer, G.v.d. New Approaches to Determining the Origin of Food. In: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition; Number 212, Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Cambridge, 2011; 238–258.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, S.; Heaton, K.; Hoogewerff, J. Tracing the Geographical Origin of Food: The Application of Multi-element and Multi-isotope Analysis. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2005, 16, 555–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Matute, A.I.; Weiss, M.; Sammataro, D.; Finely, J.; Sanz, M.L. Carbohydrate Composition of High-Fructose Corn Syrups (HFCS) Used for Bee Feeding: Effect on Honey Composition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58, 7317–7322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabañero, A.I.; Recio, J.L.; Rupérez, M. Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: A New Perspective on Honey Adulteration Detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54, 9719–9727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousfi, S.; Serret, M.D.; Voltas, J.; Araus, J.L. Effect of Salinity and Water Stress During the Reproductive Stage on Growth, Ion Concentrations, Δ13C, and δ15N of Durum Wheat and Related Amphiploids. Journal of Experimental Botany 2010, 61, 3529–3542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglett, P.W.; Reddy, K.R.; Newman, S.; Lorenzen, B. Increased Soil Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Ratio Following Phosphorus Enrichment: Historical Patterns and Tests of Two Hypotheses in a Phosphorus-Limited Wetland. Oecologia 2007, 153, 99–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bol, R.; Ostle, N.J.; Petzke, K.J.; Chenu, C.; Balesdent, J. Amino Acid 15N in Long-term Bare Fallow Soils: Influence of Annual N fertilizer and Manure Applications. European Journal of Soil Science 2008, 59, 617–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco-Uría, A.; López-Mateo, C.; Roca, E.; Fernández-Marcos, M.L. Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Pastureland by Multivariate Analysis in NW Spain. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 165, 1008–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokalıoğlu, Ş. Determination of Trace Elements in Commonly Consumed Medicinal Herbs by ICP-MS and Multivariate Analysis. Food Chemistry 2012, 134, 2504–2508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alali, W.Q.; Scott, H.M.; Norby, B. Assessing the Similarity of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes Among Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from two Aggregated Occupational Cohorts of Humans Versus Swine Using Cluster Analysis and Multivariate Statistics. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2010, 94, 77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idris, A.M. Combining Multivariate Analysis and Geochemical Approaches for Assessing Heavy Metal Level in Sediments from Sudanese Harbors along the Red Sea Coast. Microchemical Journal 2008, 90, 159–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkmaz Görür, F.; Keser, R.; Akçay, N.; Dizman, S.; Okumuşoğlu, N.T. Radionuclides and Heavy Metals Concentrations in Turkish Market Tea. Food Control 2011, 22, 2065–2070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/est/meetings/IGGtea21/Presentation-MarketReportTurkey_02.pptx. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Cengiz, M.F.; Durak, M.Z.; Ozturk, M. In-house Validation for the Determination of Honey Adulteration with Plant Sugars (C4) by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IR-MS). LWT - Food Science and Technology 2014, 57, 9–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS. The SAS system for windows. Release 7.00 TS Level 00P1. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc. 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Minitab. Minitab® Release 14.1 Statistical Software, USA. 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Tosun, M. Detection of Adulteration in Honey Samples Added Various Sugar Syrups with 13C/12C Isotope Ratio Analysis Method. Food Chemistry 2013, 138, 1629–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simsek, A.; Bilsel, M.; Goren, A.C. 13C/12C Pattern of Honey from Turkey and Determination of Adulteration in Commercially Available Honey Samples Using EA-IRMS. Food Chemistry 2012, 130, 1115–1121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kracht, O.; Hilkert, A. Detection of Honey Adulteration with FlashEA Elemental Analyzer and DELTA V Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. Thermo Fisher Scientific Application 2009, Application Note: 30177, pp 4.
   Google Scholar
• Tokalıoğlu, Ş.; Kartal, Ş. Multivariate Analysis of the Data and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Street Dust Samples from the Organized Industrial District in Kayseri (Turkey). Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40, 2797–2805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar