Phenolic constituents, anti-radicals, and enzymes inhibitory potentials of Brachystegia eurycoma seeds: Effects of processing methods

References

• Irondi, A. E.; Oboh, G.; Akindahunsi, A. A.; Boligon, A. A.; Athayde, M. L. Phenolics Composition and Antidiabetic Property of Brachystegia Eurycoma Seed Flour in High-Fat Diet, Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 2015, 5 (Suppl 1), S159–S165.
   Google Scholar
• Groenendijk, P.; Bongers, F.; Zuidema, P. A. Using Tree-Ring Data to Improve Timber-Yield Projections for African Wet Tropical Forest Tree Species. For. Ecol. Manage. 2017, 400, 396–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhegbu, F. O.; Onwuchekwa, C. C.; Iweala, E. E. J.; Kanu, I. Effect Ofprocessing Methods on the Nutritive and Antinutritive Properties of Seeds of Brachystegia Eurycoma and Detarium Microcarpum from Nigeria. Pak. J. Nutr. 2009, 8 (4), 316–320.
   Google Scholar
• Ikegwu, O. J.; Okechukwu, P. E.; Ekumankana, E. O. Physico-Chemical and Pasting Characteristics of Flour and Starch from Achi Brachystegia Eurycoma Seed. J. Food Technol. 2010, 8 (2), 58–66.
   Google Scholar
• Igwenyi, I. O.; Azoro, B. N. Proximate and Phytochemical Compositions of Four Indigenous Seeds Used as Soup Thickeners in Ebonyi State Nigeria. J. Environ. Science, Toxicol. Food Technol. 2014, 8 (6), 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Ndukwu, M. C. Determination of Selected Physical Properties of Brachystegia Eurycoma Seeds. Res. Agric. Eng. 2009, 55 (4), 165–169.
   Google Scholar
• Irondi, A. E.; Oboh, G.; Akindahunsi, A. A. Methanol Extracts of Brachystegia Eurycoma and Detarium Microcarpum Seeds Flours Inhibit Some Key Enzymes Linked to the Pathology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes in Vitro. Food Sci. Hum. Wellness 2015, 4, 162–168.
   Google Scholar
• Oomah, B. D.; Corbé, A.; Balasubramanian, P. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Hulls. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58 (14), 8225–8230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villiger, A.; Sala, F.; Suter, A.; Butterweck, V. In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Cynara Scolymus, Silybum Marianum, Taraxacum Officinale, and Peumus Boldus on Key Enzymes Relevant to Metabolic Syndrome. Phytomedicine 2015, 22, 138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irondi, E. A.; Agboola, S. O.; Oboh, G.; Boligon, A. A.; Athayde, M. L.; Shode, F. O. Guava Leaves Polyphenolics-Rich Extract Inhibits Vital Enzymes Implicated in Gout and Hypertension in Vitro. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol. 2016, 5 (2), 122–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, C. E.; Hare, J. M. Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications. J. Physiol. 2004, 555, 589–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, H. M.; Curhan, G. The Association between Gout and Nephrolithiasis: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002, 40, 37–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzali, M.; Hughes, J.; Kim, Y. G.; Jefferson, J. A.; Kang, D. H.; Gordon, K. L.; Lan, H. Y.; Kivlighn, S.; Johnson, R. J. Elevated Uric Acid Increases Blood Pressure in the Rat by a Novel Crystalin-Dependent Mechanism. Hypertension 2001, 38, 1101–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weseler, A. R.; Bast, A. Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function: Implications for Pharmacologic Treatments. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2010, 12, 154–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson, U.; Danilczyk, U.; Penninger, J. M. Just the Beginning: Novel Functions for Angiotensin Converting Enzymes. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12, R745–R752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrario, C. M.; Strawn, W. B. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Proinflammatory Mediators in Cardiovascular Disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006, 98 (1), 121–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. A.; Reddy, S. G.; Kundukulam, J. Risk Factors for Gout and Prevention: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2011, 23, 192–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerson, B. T. The Management of Gout. New England J. Med. 1996, 334, 445–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurman, J. M.; Schrier, R. W. Comparative Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Blood Pressure and the Kidney. Am. J. Med. 2003, 114, 588–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoo, B. P.; Leow, L. H. A Review of Inpatients with Adverse Drug Reactions to Allopurinol. Singapore Med. J. 2000, 41 (4), 156–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vyssoulis, G. P.; Karpanou, E. A.; Papavassiliou, M. V. Side Effects of Antihypertensive Treatment with ACE Inhibitors. Am. J. Hypertens. 2001, 14, 114–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikegwu, O. J.; Okechukwu, P. E.; Ekumankama, E. O.; Okorie, P. A.; Odo, M. O. Modelling the Effect of Toasting Time on the Functional Properties of Brachystegia Eurycoma Flour. Niger. Food J. 2013, 31 (1), 108–114.
   Google Scholar
• Dini, I.; Tenore, G. C.; Dini, A. Antioxidant Compound Contents and Antioxidant Activity before and after Cooking in Sweet and Bitter Chenopodium Quinoa Seeds. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 2010, 43, 447–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbès, F.; Kchaou, W.; Blecker, C.; Ongena, M.; Lognay, G.; Attia, H.; Besbes, S. Effect of Processing Conditions on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Date Syrup. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 44, 634–642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, C.; Kao, E.; Chan, K.; Lee, H.; Huang, T.; Wang, C. Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. Extracts Reduce Serum Uric Acid Levels in Oxonate-Induced Rats. J. Funct. Foods 2012, 4, 375–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adefegha, S. A.; Oboh, G.; Molehin, O. R.; Saliu, J. A.; Athayde, M. L.; Boligon, A. A. Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Red Flower Rag Leaf (Crassocephalum Crepidioides) Extract. J. Food Biochem. 2016, 40, 109–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, C. E. F.; Kuhn, F.; Scapinello, J.; Lazarotto, M.; Bohn, A.; Boligon, A. A.; Athayde, M. L.; Zanatta, M. S.; Zanatta, L.; Dal Magro, J.; Oliveira, J. V. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Hypolipemiant Potential of Ilex Paraguariensis Fruit Extracts. Ind. Crops Prod. 2016, 81, 139–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervato, G.; Carabelli, M.; Gervasio, S.; Cittera, A.; Cazzola, R.; Cestaro, B. Antioxidant Properties of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) Leaf Extracts. J. Food Biochem. 2000, 24, 453–465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Re, R.; Pellegrini, N.; Proteggente, A.; Pannala, A.; Yang, M.; Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1999, 26, 1231–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Public Health Service (PHS). Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, (PL 99-158. Health Research Extension Act, 1985); US Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura, T.; Ohta, Y.; Ikeno, K.; Ohashi, K.; Ikeno, T. Protective Effect of Repeatedly Pre-Administered Brazilian Propolis Ethanol Extract against Stress-Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2014, 2014, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umamaheswari, M.; Kumar, K. A.; Somasundaram, A.; Sivashanmugam, T.; Subhadradevi, V.; Ravi, T. K. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Some Indian Medical Plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 109, 547–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman, D. W.; Cheung, H. S. Spectrophotometric Assay and Properties of the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme of Rabbit Lung. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1971, 20, 1637–1648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mpofu, A.; Sapirstein, H. D.; Beta, T. Genotype and Environmental Variation in Phenolic Content, Phenolic Acid Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Hard Spring Wheat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 1265–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga, T. V.; Dores, R. G.; Ramos, C. S.; Evangelista, F. C. G.; Tinoco, L. M.; Varotti, F.; Carvalho, M.; Sabino, A. Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Psidium Guajava Leaves. Am. J. Plant Sci. 2014, 5, 3492–3500.
   Google Scholar
• Lemos, M. R. B.; Siqueira, E. M.; Arruda, S. F.; Zambiazi, R. C. The Effect of Roasting on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Baru Nuts [Dipteryx Alata Vog.]. Food Res. Int. 2012, 48, 592–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gębczyński, P.; Lisiewska, Z. Comparison of the Level of Selected Antioxidative Compounds in Frozen Broccoli Produced Using Traditional and Modified Methods. Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2006, 7, 239–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsedek, A.; Sosnowska, D.; Redzynia, M.; Koziołkiewicz, M. Effect of Domestic Cooking on the Red Cabbage Hydrophilic Antioxidants. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2008, 43, 1770−1777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawson, A.; Hossain, M. B.; Patras, A.; Tuohy, M.; Brunton, N. Effect of Boiling and Roasting on the Polyacetylene and Polyphenol Content of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) Bulb. Food Res. Int. 2013, 50, 513–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Martínez, L. X.; Leyva-López, N.; Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E. P.; Heredia, J. B. Effect of Cooking and Germination on Bioactive Compounds in Pulses and Their Health Benefits. J. Funct. Foods. 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volf, I.; Ignat, I.; Neamtu, M.; Popa, V. I. Thermal Stability, Antioxidant Activity, and Photo-Oxidation of Natural Polyphenols. Chem. Pap. 2014, 68 (1), 121–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francisco, M.; Velasco, P.; Moreno, D. A.; García-Viguera, C.; Cartea, M. E. Cooking Methods of Brassica Rapa Affect the Preservation of Glucosinolates, Phenolics and Vitamin C. Food Res. Int. 2010, 43, 1455–1463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irondi, A. E.; Akintunde, J. K.; Agboola, S. O.; Boligon, A. A.; Athayde, M. L. Blanching Influences the Phenolics Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibitory Effect of Adansonia Digitata Leaves Extract on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Aldose Reductase. Food Sci. Nutr. 2017, 5 (2), 233–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girgin, N.; El, S. N. Effects of Cooking on in Vitro Sinigrin Bioaccessibility, Total Phenols, Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleraceae L. Var. Botrytis). J. Food Compos. Anal. 2015, 37, 119–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges, T. H.; Rodrigues, N.; De Souza, A. M.; Pereira, J. A. Effect of Different Extraction Conditions on the Antioxidant Potential of Baru Almonds (Dipteryx Alata Vog.): Comparison to Common Nuts from Brazil. J. Food Nutr. Res. 2014, 53, 180–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, S. T.; Wu, J. H.; Wang, S. Y.; Kang, P. L.; Yang, N. S.; Shyur, L. F. Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Acacia Confuse Bark and Heartwood. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 3420–3424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flemmig, J.; Kuchta, K.; Arnhold, J.; Rauwald, H. W. Olea Europaea Leaf (Ph. Eur.) Extract as Well as Several of Its Isolated Phenolics Inhibit the Gout-Related Enzyme Xanthine Oxidase. Phytomedicine 2011, 18, 561–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irondi, E. A.; Oboh, G.; Agboola, S. O.; Boligon, A. A.; Athayde, M. L. Phenolics Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruit Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase and Fe2+-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Kidney, Liver, and Lungs Tissues of Rats in Vitro. Food Sci. Hum. Wellness 2015, 5 (1), 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, H.-M.; Wu, J.-L.; Wang, M.-S. Antihypertensive Effects of Ocimum Gratissimum Extract: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation. J. Funct. Foods 2017, 35, 68–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irondi, A. E.; Olanrewaju, S.; Oboh, G.; Olasupo, F.; Boligon, A. A. Inhibitory Potential of Cocoa Leaves Polyphenolics-Rich Extract on Xanthine Oxidase and Angiotensin 1-Converting Enzyme. J. Biol. Active Prod. Nat. 2017, 7 (1), 39–51.
   Google Scholar