2,313
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Phytochemical profile and pro-healthy properties of berries

, ORCID Icon, , , , ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 1714-1735 | Received 27 Dec 2021, Accepted 25 Jun 2022, Published online: 25 Jul 2022

References

  • Raudonė, L.; Liaudanskas, M.; Vilkickytė, G.; Kviklys, D.; Žvikas, V.; Viškelis, J.; Viškelis, P. Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activity and Phenotypic Characterization of Lonicera Caerulea L. Berries, Cultivated in Lithuania. Antioxidants. 2021, 10(1), 1–15. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010115.
  • Seeram, N. P. Berry Fruits: Compositional Elements, Biochemical Activities and the Impact of Their Intake on Human Health, Performance and Disease. J. Agri. Food Chem 2008, 56(3), 627–629. DOI: 10.1021/jf071988k.
  • Ayaz, F. A.; Kucukislamoglu, M.; Reunanen, M. Sugar Non-volatile and Phenolic Acids Composition of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L. Var.ellipsoidea) Fruits. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2000, 13(2), 171–177. DOI: 10.1006/jfca.1999.0868.
  • Alarcao-E-Silva, M.; Leitao, A. E. B.; Azinheira, H. G.; Leitao, M. C.-A. The Arbutus Berry: Studies on Its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2001, 14(1), 27–35. DOI: 10.1006/jfca.2000.0962.
  • Pallauf, K.; Rivas-Gonzaloa, J. C.; Del Castilloc, M. D.; Canob, M. P.; de Pascual-Teresa, S. Characterization of the Antioxidant Composition of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L.) Fruits. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2008, 21(4), 273–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.11.006.
  • Bnouham, M.; Merhfour, F. Z.; Legssyer, A.; Mekhfi, H.; Maallem, S.; Ziyyat, A. Antihyperglycemic Activity of Arbutus Unedo, Ammoides Pusilla and Thymelaea Hirsuta. Die. Pharmazie. 2007, 62, 630–632.
  • Pawlowska, A. M.; De Leo, M.; Braca, A. Phenolics of Arbutus Unedo L. (Ericaceae) Fruits: Identification of Anthocyanins and Gallic Acid Derivatives. J. Agri. Food Chem 2006, 54, 10234–10238. DOI: 10.1021/jf062230o.
  • Males, Z.; Plazibat, M.; Vundac, V.-B.; Zuntar, I. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids of the Strawberry tree-Arbutus Unedo L. (Ericaceae) Acta Pharmaceutica. 2006, 56, 245–250.
  • Luby, J. J.; Wildung, D. K.; Stushnoff, C.; Munson, S. T.; Read, P. E.; Hoover, E. E. Northblue’, ‘Northsky’ and ‘Northcountry’ Blueberries. Hartsci. 1986, 21, 1240–1242.
  • Lyrene, P. M.; Vorsa, N.; Ballington, J. R. Polyploidy and Sexual Polyploidization in the Genus Vaccinium. Euphytica. 2003, 133, 27–36. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025608408727.
  • Tran, P. H.; Tran, T. T. Blueberry Supplementation in Neuronal Health and Protective Technologies for Efficient Delivery of Blueberry Anthocyanins. Biomolecules. 2021, 11(1), 102. DOI: 10.3390/biom11010102.
  • Joseph, J. A.; Denisova, N. A.; Arendash, G.; Gordon, M.; Diamond, D.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Morgan, D. Blueberry Supplementation Enhances Signaling and Prevents Behavioral Deficits in an Alzheimer Disease Model. Nutr. Neurosci 2003, 6(3), 153–162. DOI: 10.1080/1028415031000111282.
  • Katsube, N.; Iwashita, K.; Tsushida, T.; Yamaki, K.; Kobori, M. Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus) and the Anthocyanins. J. Agri. Food Chem 2003, 51(1), 68–75. DOI: 10.1021/jf025781x.
  • Krikorian, R.; Shidler, M. D.; Nash, T. A.; Kalt, W.; vinqvist-Tymchuk, M. R.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Joseph, J. A. Blueberry Supplementation Improves Memory in Older Adults. J. Agri. Food Chem 2010, 58(7), 3996–4000. DOI: 10.1021/jf9029332.
  • Smith, M. A. L.; Marley, K. A.; Seigler, D.; Singletary, K. W.; Meline, B. Bioactive Properties of Wild Blueberry Fruits. J. FoodSci. 2000, 65(2), 352–356.
  • Tatar, M.; Varedi, M.; Naghibalhossaini, F. Epigenetic Effects of Blackberry Extract on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutr. Cancer. 2021, 74(4), 1–11. DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2000788.
  • Strik, B.C. A Review of Nitrogen Nutrition of Rubus. Acta Hortic. 2008, 777, 403–410. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.777.61
  • Strik, B. C.; Clark, J. R.; Finn, C. E., and Banados, P. Worldwide Production of Blackberries, 1995 to 2005 and Predictions for growth. HortTech. 2007, 17(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.17.2.205.
  • Kafkas, E.; Kosar, M.; Turemis, N.; Baser, K. H. C. Analysis of Sugars, Organic Acids and Vitamin C Contents of Blackberry Genotypes from Turkey. Food Chem 2006, 97, 732–736. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.023.
  • Cho, M. J.; Howard, L. R.; Prior, R. L.; Clark, J. R. Flavonoid Glycosides and Antioxidant Capacity of Various Blackberry, Blueberry and Red Grape Genotypes Determined by high-performance Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry. J. Sci. Food Agri. 2004, 84, 1771–1782. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1885.
  • Dai, J.; Patel, J. D.; Mumper, R. J. Characterization of Blackberry Extract and Its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory Properties. J. Med. Food. 2007, 10(2), 258–265. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.238.
  • Kaparapu, J.; Pragada, P. M., and Geddada, M. N. R. Fruits and Vegetables and Its Nutritional Benefits. In Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Book Subtitle Bioactive Components, Formulations and Innovations, eds Chukwuebuka Egbuna and Genevieve Dable Tupas; Springer: Cham, 2020; pp 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42319-3.
  • Girard, K. K.; Sinha, N. K. Cranberry, Blueberry, Currant, and Gooseberry. In Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing; Hui, Y. H., Ozsef Barta, J., Pilar Cano, M., Gusek, T. W., Sidhu, J. S., Sinha, N. K., Eds.; Blackwell Publishing Professional: Iowa, USA, 2006; pp 369–390.
  • Baby, B.; Antony, P.; Vijayan, R. Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Berries. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr 2018, 58(15), 2491–2507. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1329198.
  • Kren, V.; Martinkove, L. Glycosides in Medicine: The Role of Glycosidic Residue in Biological Activity. Curr. Med. Chem 2001, 8, 1303–1328. DOI: 10.2174/0929867013372193.
  • Willet, W. C. Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating; Simon and Schuster: New York, 2001.
  • Talcott, S. T. Chemical Components of Berry Fruits. In Berry Fruit: Value-added Products for Health Promotion; Zhao, Y., Ed.; CRC press – Taylor & Francis Group: New York, 2007; pp 1–72.
  • Aaby, K.; Skrede, G.; Wrolstad, E. R. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities in Flesh and Achenes of Strawberries (Fragaria Ananassa). J. Agri. Food Chem 2005, 53, 4032–4040. DOI: 10.1021/jf048001o.
  • Battino, M.; Beekwilder, J.; Denoyes-Rothan, B.; Laimer, M.; McDougall, G. J.; Mezzetti, B. Bioactive Compounds in Berries Relevant to Human Health. Nutr. Rev 2010, 67(1), 145–150. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00178.x.
  • Buendia, B.; Gil, M. I.; Tudela, J. A.; Gady, A. L.; Medina, J. J.; Soria, C.; Lopez, J. B.; Tomas-Barberan, F. A. HPLC-MS Analysis of Proanthocyanin Oligomers and Other Phenolics in 15 Strawberry Cultivars. J. Agri. Food Chem 2010, 58, 3916–3926. DOI: 10.1021/jf9030597.
  • Giampieri, F.; Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Mazzoni, L.; Romandini, S.; Bompadre, S.; Diamanti, J.; Capocasa, F.; Mezzetti, B.; Quiles, J. L.; Ferreiro, M. S., et al. The Potential Impact of Strawberry on Human Health. Nat. Prod. Res. 2013, 27(4–5), 448–455. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.706294.
  • Giampieri, F.; Tulipani, S.; Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Quiles, J. L.; Mezzetti, B.; Battino, M. The Strawberry: Composition, Nutritional Quality, and Impact on Human Health. Nutr. 2012, 28(1), 9–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009.
  • Hamauzu, Y.; Mizuno, Y. Non-extractable Procyanidins and Lignin are Important Factors in the Bile Acid Binding and Radical Scavenging Properties of Cell Wall Material in Some Fruits. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr 2010, 66(1), 70–77. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0207-z.
  • King, E. S., and Bolling, B. W. Composition, Polyphenol Bioavailability, and Health Benefits of Aronia Berry: A Review. J. Food Bioact . 2020, 11, 13–30. https://doi.org/10.31665/JFB.2020.11235.
  • Fan-Chiang, H. J.; Wrolstad, R. E. Sugar and Nonvolatile Acid Composition of Blackberries. J. AOAC Int. 2010, 93(3), 956–965. DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.3.956.
  • Kresty, L. A.; Morse, M. A.; Morgan, C.; Carlton, P. S.; Lu, J.; Gupta, A.; Blackwood, M.; Stoner, G. D. Chemoprevention of Esophageal Tumorigenesis by Dietary Administration of Lyophilized Black Raspberries. Cancer Res 2001, 61, 6112–6119.
  • Pineli, L. L. O.; Moretti, C. L.; Santos, M. S.; Campos, A. B.; Brasileiro, A. V.; Cordova, A. C.; Chiarello, M. D. Antioxidants and Other Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Two Strawberry Cultivar at Different Ripeness Stages. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2011, 24, 11–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.05.004.
  • Ain, H. B. U.; Saeed, F.; Barrow, C. J.; Dunshea, F. R., and Suleria, H. A. R. Food Processing Waste: A Potential Source for Bioactive Compounds. In Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts. 2020, 625–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30182-8_45.
  • Martineau, L. C.; Couture, A.; Spoor, D.; Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A.; Harris, C.; Meddah, B.; Leduc, C.; Burt, A.; Vuong, T.; Le, P. M., et al. Anti-diabetic Properties of the Canadian Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium Angustifolium Ait. Phytomed. 2006, 13, 612–623. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.08.005.
  • Valentova, K.; Ulrichova, J.; Cvak, L., and Simanek, V. Cytoprotective Effect of a Bilberry Extract against Oxidative Damage of Rat Hepatocytes. Food Chem. 2007, 101, 912–917.
  • Zadernowski, R.; Naczk, M.; Czaplicki, S.; Rubinskiene, M.; Szalkiewicz, M. Composition of Phenolic Acids in Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Berries. J. Am. Oil Chemists’ Soc. 2005, 82(3), 175–179. DOI: 10.1007/s11746-005-5169-1.
  • Gür, M.; Gür, M.; Engin, M. S.; Avci, E. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus Linn.) Fruit and Their Chemical Composition. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2018, 190. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6829-6.
  • Kaume, L.; Howard, L. R.; Devareddy, L. The Blackberry Fruit: A Review on Its Composition and Chemistry, Metabolism and Bioavailability, and Health Benefits. J. Agri.Food Chem. 2012, 60(23), 5716–5727. DOI: 10.1021/jf203318p.
  • Neto, C. C. Cranberry and Blueberry: Evidence for Protective Effects against Cancer and Vascular Diseases. Mol. Nutr.Food Res. 2007, 51(6), 652–664. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600279.
  • Lin, L. Z.; Harnly, J. M. A Screening Method for the Identification of Glycosylated Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds Using A Standard Analytical Approach for All Materials. J. Agri. Food Chem 2007, 55, 1084–1096. DOI: 10.1021/jf062431s.
  • Bakker, J.; Bridle, P.; Bellworthy, S. J. Strawberry Juice Colour: A Study of the Quantitative and Qualitative Pigment Composition of Juices from 39 Genotypes. J. Sci. Food Agri. 1994, 64, 31–37. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740640106.
  • Hong, V.; Wrolstad, R. E. Characterization of Anthocyanin Containing Colorants in Fruit Juices by HPLC-photodiode Array Detection. J. Agri. Food Chem 1990, 38, 698–707. DOI: 10.1021/jf00093a025.
  • Mazza, G.; Miniati, E. Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables and Grains; CRC Press Inc: Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
  • Wang, S. Y.; Lin, H. S. Antioxidant Activity in Fruits and Leaves of Blackberry, Raspberry and Strawberry Varies with Cultivar and Developmental Stage. J. Agri. Food Chem 2000, 48, 140–146. DOI: 10.1021/jf9908345.
  • Ryan, J. J. Flavonol Glycosides of the Cultivated Strawberry. J. Food Sci 1971, 36, 867–870. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb15547.x.
  • Clifford, M. N.; Scalbert, A. Ellagitannins—nature, Occurrence and Dietary Burden. J. Sci. Food Agri. 2000, 80, 1118–1125. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1118::AID-JSFA570>3.0.CO;2-9.
  • Maatta-Riihinen, K. R.; Kamal-Eldin, A.; Torronen, A. Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Berries of Fragaria and Rubus Species (Family Rosaceae). J. Agri. Food Chem 2004, 52, 6178–6187. DOI: 10.1021/jf049450r.
  • Wu, X.; Beecher, G. R.; Holden, J. M.; Haytowitz, D. B.; Gebhardt, S. E.; Prior, R. L. Concentrations of Anthocyanins in Common Foods in the United States and Estimation of Normal Consumption. J. Agri. Food Chem 2006, 54(11), 4069–4075. DOI: 10.1021/jf060300l.
  • Wang, C.; Zuo, Y. Ultrasound-assisted Hydrolysis and Gas chromatography–mass Spectrometric Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Cranberry Products. Food Chem 2011, 128, 562–568. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.066.
  • Zhang, K.; Zuo, Y. GC–MS Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic and Benzoic Acids in Human Plasma after Consumption of Cranberry Juice. J. Agri. Food Chem 2004, 52, 222–227. DOI: 10.1021/jf035073r.
  • Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Giampieri, F.; Tulipani, S.; Casoli, T.; Di Stefano, G.; Gonzalez-Paramas, A. M.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Busco, F.; Quiles, J. L.; Cordero, M. D., et al. One-month strawberry-rich Anthocyanin Supplementation Ameliorates Cardiovascular Risk, Oxidative Stress Markers and Platelet Activation in Humans. J. Nutr. Biochem 2014, 25(3), 289–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.002.
  • Ma, Y.; Ma, X.; Gao, X.; Wu, W.; Zhou, B. Light Induced Regulation Pathway of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2021, 22(20), 11116. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011116.
  • Curtis, P. J.; Kroon, P. A.; Hollands, W. J.; Walls, R.; Jenkins, G.; Kay, C. D.; Cassidy, A. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers and Liver and Kidney Function are Not Altered in Postmenopausal Women after Ingesting an Elderberry Extract Rich in Anthocyanins for 12 Weeks. J. Nutr 2009, 139(12), 2266–2271. DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.113126.
  • Andersen, O. M.; Jordheim, M.; Byamukama, R.; Mbabazi, A.; Ogweng, G.; Skaar, I.; Kiremire, B. Anthocyanins with Unusual Furanose Sugar (Apiose) from Leaves of Synadenium Grantii (Euphorbiaceae). Phytochem. 2010, 71, 1558–1563. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.025.
  • Doughty, J.; Aljabri, M.; Scott, R. J. Flavonoids and the Regulation of Seed Size in Arabidopsis. Biochem. Soc. Transact. 2014, 42, 364–369. DOI: 10.1042/BST20140040.
  • Mouradov, A.; Spangenberg, G. Flavonoids: A Metabolic Network Mediating Plants Adaptation to Their Real Estate. Front. Plant Sci 2014, 5, 620. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00620.
  • Messaoudi, O.; Gouzi, H.; El-Hoshoudy, A. N.; Benaceur, F.; Patel, C.; Goswami, D.; Bendahou, M.; Bendahou, M. Berries Anthocyanins as Potential SARS-CoV–2 Inhibitors Targeting the Viral Attachment and Replication; Molecular Docking Simulation. Egypt. J. Pet. 2021, 30(1), 33–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2021.01.001.
  • Tulipani, S.; Mezzetti, B.; Capocasa, F.; Bompadre, S.; Beekwilder, J.; de Vos, C. H. R.; Capanoglu, E.; Bovy, A.; Battino, M. Antioxidants, Phenolic Compounds, and Nutritional Quality of Different Strawberry Genotypes. J. Agri. Food Chem 2008, 56(3), 696–704. DOI: 10.1021/jf0719959.
  • Garzon, G. A.; Riedl, K. M.; Schwartz, S. J. Determination of Anthocyanins, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Andes Berry (Rubus Glaucus Benth). J. Food Sci 2009, 74, 227–232. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01092.x.
  • Rechner, A. R.; Kroner, C. Anthocyanins and Colonic Metabolites of Dietary Polyphenols Inhibit Platelet Function. Thromb. Res 2005, 116, 327–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.01.002.
  • Hartman, R. E.; Shah, A.; Fagan, A. M.; Schwetye, K. E.; Parsadanian, M.; Schulman, R. N.; Finn, M. B.; Holtzman, D. M. Pomegranate Juice Decreases Amyloid Load and Improves Behavior in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurobio. Dis. 2006, 24, 506–515. DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.08.006.
  • Joseph, J. A.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Casadesus, G. Reversing the Deleterious Effects of Aging on Neuronal Communication and Behavior: Beneficial Properties of Fruit Polyphenolic Compounds. Am. J.Clin. Nutr. 2005, 81, 313–316. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.313S.
  • Ding, M.; Feng, R.; Wang, S. Y.; Bowman, L.; Lu, Y.; Qian, Y.; Castranova, V.; Jiang, B. H.; Shi, X. Cyanidin 3-glucoside, a Natural Product Derived from Black Berry, Exhibits Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Activity. J. Bio. Chem. 2006, 281, 17359–17368. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M600861200.
  • Loren, D. J.; Seeram, N.-P.; Schulman, R. N.; Holtzman, D. M. Maternal Dietary Supplementation with Pomegranate Juice Is Neuroprotective in an Animal Model of Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic Brain Injury. Pediatric. Res. 2005, 57, 858–864. DOI: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000157722.07810.15.
  • West, T.; Atzeva, M.; Holtzman, D. M. Pomegranate Polyphenols and Resveratrol Protect the Neonatal Brain against hypoxic–ischemic Injury. Developmental Neurosci. 2007, 29, 363–372. DOI: 10.1159/000105477.
  • Vilkickyte, G.; Motiekaityte, V.; Vainoriene, R.; Liaudanskas, M.; Raudone, L.; Niki, E.; Capanoglu, E.; Sieniawska, E. Development, Validation, and Application of UPLC-PDA Method for Anthocyanins Profiling in Vaccinium L. Berries. J. Berry Res. 2021, 11(4), 583–599. DOI: 10.3233/JBR-200658.
  • Tsuda, T. Regulation of Adipocyte Function by Anthocyanins; Possibility of Preventing the Metabolic Syndrome. J. Agri, Food Chem.2008, 56, 642–646.
  • Matsumoto, H.; Nakamura, Y.; Hirayama, M.; Yoshiki, Y.; Okubo, K. Antioxidant Activity of Black Currant Anthocyanin Aglycons and Their Glycosides Measured by Chemiluminescence in a Neutral pH Region and in Human Plasma. J. Agri. Food Chem 2002, 50, 5034–5037. DOI: 10.1021/jf020292i.
  • Proteggente, A. R.; Pannala, A. S.; Paganga, G.; Buren, L. V.; Wagner, E.; Wiseman, S.; Put, F. V. D.; Dacombe, C.; Rice-Evans, C. A. The Antioxidant Activity of Regularly Consumed Fruit and Vegetables Reflects Their Phenolic and Vitamin C Composition. Free Rad. Bio.Med. 2002, 36, 217–233. DOI: 10.1080/10715760290006484.
  • Ramirez-Tortosa, C.; Andersen, O. M.; Gardner, P. T.; Morrice, P. C.; Wood, S. G.; Duthie, S. J.; Collins, A. R.; Duthie, G. G. Anthocyanin-rich Extract Decreases Indices of Lipid Peroxidation and DNA Damage in Vitamin E-depleted Rats. Free Rad. Bio. Med. 2001, 31, 1033–1037. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00618-9.
  • Nicoue, E. E.; Savard, S.; Belkacemi, K. Anthocyanins in Wild Blueberries of Quebec: Extraction and Identification. J. Agri. Food Chem 2007, 55, 5626. DOI: 10.1021/jf0703304.
  • Scalzo, J.; Politi, A.; Pellegrini, N.; Mezzetti, B.; Battino, M. Plant Genotype Affects Total Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Contents in Fruit. Nutr. 2005, 21(2), 207–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.03.025.
  • Vendrame, S.; Klimis-Zacas, D. Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review. Nutrients. 2019, 11(6), 1431. DOI: 10.3390/nu11061431.
  • Velioglu, Y. S.; Mazza, G.; Gao, L.; Oomah, B. D. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products. J. Agri. Food Chem 1998, 46, 4113–4117. DOI: 10.1021/jf9801973.
  • Celik, H.; Ozgen, M.; Serce, S.; Kaya, C. Phytochemical Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacity at Four Maturity Stages of Cranberry Fruit. Scientia Horticult. 2008, 117, 345–348. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.005.
  • Brown, P. N.; Murch, S. J.; Shipley, P. Phytochemical Diversity of Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon Aiton) Cultivars by Anthocyanin Determination and Metabolomic Profiling with Chemometric Analysis. J. Agri. Food Chem 2012, 60, 261–271. DOI: 10.1021/jf2033335.
  • Aristri, M. A.; Lubis, M. A. R.; Iswanto, A. H.; Fatriasari, W.; Sari, R. K.; Antov, P.; Gajtanska, M.; Papadopoulos, A. N.; Pizzi, A. Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application. Forests. 2021, 12(11), 1516. DOI: 10.3390/f12111516.
  • Koponen, J. M.; Happonen, A. M.; Mattila, P. H.; Torronen, A. R. Contents of Anthocyanins and Ellagitannins in Selected Foods Consumed in Finland. J. Agri. Food Chem 2007, 55, 1612–1619. DOI: 10.1021/jf062897a.
  • Quideau, S.; Deffieux, D.; Douat-Casassus, C. L.; Pouysequ, L. Plant Polyphenols: Chemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Synthesis. Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 586–621.
  • Chen, C.; Li, Y.; Xu, Z. Chemical Principles and Bioactivities of Blueberry. Yao Xue Xue Bao= Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 2010, 45(4), 422–429.
  • Johnson, S. A.; Arjmandi, B. H. Evidence for anti-cancer Properties of Blueberries: A mini-review. Anti-cancer Agents Med. Chem. 2012, 13(8), 1142–1148. DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990137.
  • Aqil, F.; Munagala, R.; Jeyabalan, J.; Vadhanam, M. V. Bioavailability of Phytochemicals and Its Enhancement by Drug Delivery Systems. Cancer Lett 2013, 334(1), 133–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.032.
  • Cassidy, A.; Mukamal, K. J.; Liu, L.; Franz, M.; Eliassen, A. H.; Rimm, E. B. High Anthocyanin Intake Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young and middle-aged Women. Circul. 2013, 27(2), 188–196. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.122408.
  • Nyberg, S.; Gerring, E.; Giellan, S.; Vergara, M.; Lindstrom, T.; Nystrom, F. H. Effects of Exercise with or without Blueberries in the Diet on cardio-metabolic Risk Factors: An Exploratory Pilot Study in Healthy Subjects. Upsala. J. Med. Sci. 2013, 118(4), 247–255. DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2013.825348.
  • Blumberg, J. B.; Basu, A.; Krueger, C. G.; Lila, M. A.; Neto, C. C.; Novotny, J. A.; Reed, J. D.; Rodriduez-Mateos, A.; Toner, C. D. Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015. Adv. Nutr 2016, 7(4), 759–770. DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012583.
  • Halvorsen, B. L.; Carlsen, M. H.; Phillips, K. M.; Bohn, S. K.; Holte, K.; Jacobs, D. R.; Blomhoff, R. Content of redox-active Compounds (Ie, Antioxidants) in Foods Consumed in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2006, 84(1), 95–135. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.95.
  • Drozdz, P.; Seziene, V.; Pyrzynska, K. Phytochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Wild Blueberries and Lingonberries. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr 2017, 72(4), 360–364. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0640-3.
  • Joseph, S. V.; Edirisinghe, I.; Burton-Freeman, B. M. Berries: Anti-inflammatory Effects in Humans. J. Agri. Food Chem 2014, 62(18), 3886–3903. DOI: 10.1021/jf4044056.
  • Basu, A.; Lyons, T. J. Strawberries, Blueberries and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives. J. Agri. Food Chem 2011, 60(23), 5687–5692. DOI: 10.1021/jf203488k.
  • Pinto, S. A.; Bohland, E.; Coelho Cde, P.; Morgulis, M. S.; Bonamin, L. V. An Animal Model for the Study of Grapeseed in Stress and Depression: Pilot Study. Homeopathy. 2008, 97(3), 141–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2008.04.001.
  • Moazen, S.; Amani, R.; Homayouni Rad, A.; Shahbazian, H.; Ahmadi, K.; Taha Jalali, M. Effects of freeze-dried Strawberry Supplementation on Metabolic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized double-blind Controlled Trial. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2013, 63(3), 256–264. DOI: 10.1159/000356053.
  • Ismail, T.; Calcabrini, C.; Diaz, A. R.; Fimognari, C.; Turrini, E.; Catanzaro, E.; Akhtar, S.; Sestili, P. Ellagitannins in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Toxins (Basel). 2016, 8(5), 151. DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050151.
  • Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Mazzoni, L.; Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y.; Gasparrini, M.; Sabbadini, S.; Giampieri, F. The Effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest Factors on the Nutritional Quality of Strawberry Fruits: A Review. J. Berry Res. 2014, 4, 1–10. DOI: 10.3233/JBR-140068.
  • Da Silva Pinto, M.; de Carvalho, J. E.; Lajolo, F. M.; Genovese, M. I.; Shetty, K. Evaluation of Antiproliferative, anti-type 2 Diabetes, and Antihypertension Potentials of Ellagitannins from Strawberries (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) Using in Vitro Models. J. Med. Food. 2010, 13, 1027–1035. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0257.
  • Fang, J. Bioavailability of Anthocyanins. Drug Metab. Rev. 2014, 46, 508–520. DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.978080.
  • Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y.; Gasparrini, M.; Afrin, S.; Bompadre, S.; Mezzetti, B.; Quiles, J. L.; Giampieri, F.; Battino, M. The Healthy Effects of Strawberry Polyphenols: Which Strategy behind Antioxidant Capacity? Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr 2016, 56, 1–14. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1051919.
  • Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y.; Giampieri, F.; Gasparrini, M.; Mazzoni, L.; Quiles, J. L.; Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Battino, M. The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Foods on Mitochondrial Function: A Focus on Apoptotic Mechanisms. Food Chem. Toxico. 2014, 68, 154–182.
  • Kosinska-Cagnazzo, A.; Diering, S.; Prim, D.; Andlauer, W. Identification of Bioaccessible and Uptaken Phenolic Compounds from Strawberry Fruits in in Vitro digestion/Caco-2 Absorption Model. Food Chem 2015, 170, 288–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.070.
  • Liu, C. J.; Lin, J. Y. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Strawberry and Mulberry Fruits on Cytokine Secretion Profiles Using Mouse Primary Splenocytes and Peritoneal Macrophages. Int. Immunopharmaco. 2013, 16, 165–170. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.032.
  • López, J.; Vera, C.; Bustos, R.; Florez-Mendez, J. Native Berries of Chile: A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Aspects, Functional Properties, and Potential Health Benefits. J. Food Meas. Charact 2021, 15(2), 1139–1160. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00699-4.
  • Giampieri, F.; Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Battino, M. Strawberry and Human Health: Effects beyond Antioxidant Activity. J. Agri. Food Chem 2014, 62, 3867–3876. DOI: 10.1021/jf405455n.
  • Zunino, S. J.; Parelman, M. A.; Freytag, T. L.; Stephensen, C. B.; Kelley, D. S.; Mackey, B. E.; Woodhouse, L. R.; Bonne, E. L. Effects of Dietary Strawberry Powder on Blood Lipids and Inflammatory Markers in Obese Human Subjects. Br. J. Nutr 2012, 108, 900–909. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511006027.
  • Del Rio, D.; Rodriguez-Mateos, A.; Spencer, J. P.; Tognolini, M.; Borges, G.; Crozier, A. Dietary (Poly)phenolics in Human Health: Structures, Bioavailability, and Evidence of Protective Effects against Chronic Diseases. Antioxi. Redox Signaling. 2013, 18, 1818–1892. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581.
  • Henning, S. M.; Zhang, Y.; Rontoyanni, V. G.; Huang, J.; Lee, R. P.; Trang, A.; Nuernberger, G.; Heber, D. Variability in the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Supplements from Pomegranate, Milk Thistle, Green Tea, Grape Seed, Goji, and Acai: Effects of in Vitro Digestion. J. Agri. Food Chem 2014, 62, 4313–4321. DOI: 10.1021/jf500106r.
  • Wang, Z.; Li, Y.; Chen, L.; Xin, X.; Yuan, Q. A Study of Controlled Uptake and Release of Anthocyanins by Oxidized Starch Microgels. J. Agri. Food Chem 2013, 61, 5880–5887. DOI: 10.1021/jf400275m.
  • Folmer, F.; Basavaraju, U.; Jaspars, M.; Hold, G.; El-Omar, E.; Dicato, M., and Diederich, M. Anticancer Effects of Bioactive Berry Compounds. Phytochem. rev. 2014, 13(1), 295–322 .
  • Sher, H.; Al-Yemeni, M. N.; Leonard, W.; Shah, A. J. Ethnopharmaceutically Important Medicinal Plants and Its Utilization in Traditional System of Medicine, Observation from the Northern Parts of Pakistan. J. Med. Plants Res 2010, 4, 1853–1864.
  • Diaconeasa, Z.; Leopold, L.; Rugina, D.; Ayyaz, H.; Socaciu, C. Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanin Rich Extracts from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Juice. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2015, 16, 2352–2365. DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022352.
  • Heinonen, M. Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Effect of Berry phenolics–a Finnish Perspective. Mol. Nutr. Food Res 2007, 51(6), 684–691. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700006.
  • Martini, S.; D’Addario, C.; Colacevich, A.; Focardi, S.; Borghini, F.; Santucci, A.; Figura, N.; Rossi, C. Antimicrobial Activity against Helicobacter Pylori Strains and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberry Leaves (Rubus ulmifolius) and Isolated Compounds. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agent. 2009, 34(1), 50–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.01.010.
  • Riaz, M.; Ahmad, M.; Rahman, N. Antimicrobial Screening of Fruit, Leaves, Root and Stem of Rubusfruticosus. J. Med. Plants Res 2011, 5(24), 5920–5924.
  • Jakobsdottir, G.; Blanco, N.; Xu, J.; Ahrne, S.; Molin, G.; Sterner, O.; Nyman, M. Formation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Excretion of Anthocyanins, and Microbial Diversity in Rats Fed Blackcurrants, Blackberries, and Raspberries. J. Nutr. Metab. 2013, 202534, 12.
  • Souza, V. R.; Pereira, P. A. P.; Silva, T. L. T.; Lima, L. C. O.; Pio, R.; Queiroz, F. Determination of the Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Brazilian Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Strawberry, Blueberry and Sweet Cherry Fruits. Food Chem 2014, 156, 362–368. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.125.
  • Juan, C. A.; Pérez de la Lastra, J. M.; Plou, F. J.; Pérez-Lebeña, E. The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2021, 22(9), 4642. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094642.
  • Gonzalez, E. M.; de Ancos, B.; Cano, M. P. Relation between Bioactive Compounds and Free radical-scavenging Capacity in Berry Fruits during Frozen Storage. J. Sci. Food Agri. 2003, 83, 722–726. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1359.
  • Wang, H.; Cao, G.; Prior, R. L. Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity of Anthocyanins. J. Agri. Food Chem 1997, 45, 304–309. DOI: 10.1021/jf960421t.
  • Baranowska, M. Bartoszek, A. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Cranberry. Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online). 2016, 70,1460–1468.
  • Pap, N.; Fidelis, M.; Azevedo, L.; Do Carmo, M. A. V.; Wang, D.; Mocan, A.; Granato, D.; Xavier-Santos, D.; Sant’Ana, A. S.; Yang, B. Berry Polyphenols and Human Health: Evidence of Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Microbiota Modulation, and cell-protecting Effects. Curr. Opin. Food Sci 2021, 42, 167–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.003.
  • Phan, K.; Raes, K.; Van Speybroeck, V.; Roosen, M.; De Clerck, K.; De Meester, S. Non-food Applications of Natural Dyes Extracted from agro-food Residues: A Critical Review. J. Clean. Prod 2021, 301, 126920. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126920.
  • Hui, X. D.; Wu, G.; Han, D.; Gong, X.; Wu, X. Y.; Tang, S. Z.; Brennan, C. S.; Brennan, C. S. The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing in Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264. 7 Macrophages. Antioxidants. 2021, 10(3), 388. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030388.
  • Casas-Forero, N.; Orellana-Palma, P.; Petzold, G. Influence of Block Freeze Concentration and Evaporation on Physicochemical Properties, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Blueberry Juice. Food Sci. Technol 2020, 40, 387–394. DOI: 10.1590/fst.29819.
  • Reque, P. M.; Steffens, R. S.; Jablonski, A.; Flores, S. H.; Rios, A. O.; Jong, E. V. Cold Storage of Blueberry (Vaccinium Spp.) Fruits and Juice: Anthocyanin Stability and Antioxidant Activity. J, Food Comp. Anal. 2014, 33(1), 111–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.11.007.
  • Gasparrini, M.; Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y.; Giampieri, F.; Afrin, S.; Alvarez-Suarez, J. M.; Mazzoni, L.; Mezzetti, B.; Quiles, J. L.; Battino, M. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Strawberry Extract against LPS-induced Stress in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Food Chem. Toxico. 2017, 102, 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.018.
  • Parelman, M. A.; Storms, D. H.; Kirschke, C. P.; Huang, L.; Zunino, S. J. Dietary Strawberry Powder Reduces Blood Glucose Concentrations in Obese and Lean C57BL/6 Mice, and Selectively Lowers Plasma C-reactive Protein in Lean Mice. Br. J. Nutr 2012, 108, 1789–1799. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512000037.
  • Poulose, S. M.; Bielinski, D. F.; Carrihill-Knoll, K. L.; Rabin, B. M., and Shukitt-Hale, B. Protective Effects of Blueberry- and Strawberry Diets on Neuronal Stress following Exposure to (56) Fe Particles, Brain Res 2014, 1593, 9–18.
  • Shukitt-Hale, B.; Lau, F. C.; Cheng, V.; Luskin, K.; Carey, A. N.; Carrihill-Knoll, K.; Rabin, B. M.; Joseph, J. A. Changes in Gene Expression in the Rat Hippocampus following Exposure to 56 Fe Particles and Protection by Berry Diets. Cent. Nerv. Sys. Agents Med. Chem. 2013, 13, 36–42. DOI: 10.2174/1871524911313010006.
  • Basu, A.; Nguyen, A.; Betts, N. M.; Lyons, T. J. Strawberry as a Functional Food: An evidence-based Review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr 2014, 54, 790–806. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.608174.
  • Edirisinghe, I.; Banaszewski, K.; Cappozzo, J.; Sandhya, K.; Ellis, C. L.; Tadapaneni, R.; Kappagoda, C. T.; Burton-Freeman, B. M. Strawberry Anthocyanin and Its Association with Postprandial Inflammation and Insulin. Br. J. Nutr 2011, 106, 913–922. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511001176.
  • Ellis, C. L.; Edirisinghe, I.; Kappagoda, T.; Burton-Freeman, B. Attenuation of meal-induced Inflammatory and Thrombotic Responses in Overweight Men and Women after 6-week Daily Strawberry (Fragaria) Intake. A Randomized placebo-controlled Trial. J. Atheroscl.Thromb. 2011, 18, 318–327. DOI: 10.5551/jat.6114.
  • Moraes, D. P.; Lozano-Sánchez, J.; Machado, M. L.; Vizzotto, M.; Lazzaretti, M.; Leyva-Jimenez, F. J. J.; Barcia, M. T.; Ries, E. F.; Barcia, M. T. Characterization of a New Blackberry Cultivar BRS Xingu: Chemical Composition, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity in Vitro and in Vivo. Food Chem 2020, 322, 126783. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126783.
  • Huang, W. W.; Chiu, Y. J.; Fan, M. J.; Lu, H. F.; Yeh, H. F.; Li, K. H.; Chen, P. Y.; Chung, J. G.; Yang, J. S. Kaempferol Induced Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondria‐dependent Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma U‐2 OS Cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res 2010, 54, 1585–1595. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000005.
  • Seeram, N. P.; Henning, S. M.; Zhang, Y. M.; Suchard, M.; Li, Z.; Heber, D. Pomegranate Juice Ellagitannin Metabolites are Present in Human Plasma and Some Persist in Urine for up to 48 Hours. J. Nutr 2006, 136(10), 2481–2485. DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.10.2481.
  • Bodet, C.; Chandad, F.; Grenier, D. Cranberry Components inhibit IL-6, IL-8 and PGE2 production by lipopolysaccharide-activated Gingival Fibroblasts. Euro. J. Oral Sci. 2007, 115, 64–70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00415.x.
  • Huang, Y.; Nikolic, D.; Pendland, S.; Doyle, B. J.; Locklear, T. D.; Mahady, G. B. Effects of Cranberry Extracts and Ursolic Acid Derivatives on P-fimbriated Escherichia Coli, COX-2 Activity, pro-inflammatory Cytokine Release and the NF-κβ Transcriptional Response in Vitro. Pharmaceut. Bio. 2009, 47(1), 18–25. DOI: 10.1080/13880200802397996.
  • Burger, O.; Ofek, I.; Tabak, M.; Neeman, I.; Sharon, N.; Neeman, I. A High Molecular Mass Constituent of Cranberry Juice Inhibits Helicobacter Pylori Adhesion to Human Gastric Mucus. FEMS Immun. Med. Microbio. 2001, 29(4), 295–301. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01537.x.
  • de Liano, D. G.; Esteban-Fernandez, A.; Sanchez-Patan, F.; Martib-Alvarez, P. J.; Moreno-Arribas, M. V.; Bartolome, B. Anti-Adhesive Activity of Cranberry Phenolic Compounds and Their Microbial-Derived Metabolites against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in Bladder Epithelial Cell Cultures. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2015, 16(6), 12119–12130. DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612119.
  • Denis, M. C.; Desjardins, Y.; Furtos, A.; Marcil, V.; Dudonne, S.; Montoudis, A.; Garofalo, C.; Delvin, E.; Marette, A.; Levy, E. Prevention of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Intestine by Different Cranberry Phenolic Fractions. Clin. Sci.(Long). 2015, 128(3), 197–212. DOI: 10.1042/CS20140210.
  • Maki, K. C.; Kaspar, K. L.; Khoo, C.; Derrig, L. H.; Schild, A. L.; Gupta, K. Consumption of a Cranberry Juice Beverage Lowered the Number of Clinical Urinary Tract Infection Episodes in Women with a Recent History of Urinary Tract Infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2016, 103(6), 1434–1442. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130542.
  • Anhe, F. F.; Pilon, G.; Roy, D.; Desjardins, Y.; Levy, E.; Marette, A. Triggering Akkermansia with Dietary Polyphenols: A New Weapon to Combat the Metabolic Syndrome? Gut Micro. 2016, 7(2), 146–153. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1142036.
  • Duffey, K. J.; Sutherland, L. A. Adult Consumers of Cranberry Juice Cocktail Have Lower C-reactive Protein Levels Compared with Nonconsumers. Nutr. Rev 2015, 35(2), 118–126.
  • Zhu, M.; Hu, J.; Perez, E.; Phillips, D.; Kim, W.; Ghaedian, R.; Napora, J. K.; Zou, S. Effects of Long-Term Cranberry Supplementation on Endocrine Pancreas in Aging Rats. J. Gerontol. Series A Bio. Sci. Med.Sci. 2011, 66(11), 1139–1151. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr105.
  • Ruel, G.; Pomerleau, S.; Couture, P.; Lemieux, S.; Lamarche, B.; Couillard, C. Favourable Impact of low-calorie Cranberry Juice Consumption on Plasma HDL-cholesterol Concentrations in Men. Br. J. Nutr 2006, 96, 357–364. DOI: 10.1079/BJN20061814.
  • Youdim, K. A.; McDonald, J.; Kalt, W.; Joseph, J. A. Potential role of Dietary Flavonoids in Reducing Microvascular Endothelium Vulnerability to Oxidative and Inflammatory Insults. J. Nutr. Biochem 2002, 13, 282–288. DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00221-2.
  • George, S.; Rochford, J. J.; Wolfrum, C.; Gray, S. L.; Schinner, S.; Wilson, J. C.; Soos, M. A.; Murgatroyd, P. R.; Williams, R. M.; Acerini, C. L., et al. A Family with Severe Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus Due to A Missense Mutation in AKT2. Sci. 2004, 304(5675), 1325–1328. DOI: 10.1126/science.1096706.
  • Chang, W. C.; Yu, Y. M.; Chiang, S. Y., and Tseng, C. Y. Ellagic Acid Suppresses Oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation: Studies on the Activation of Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression. Brit. J. Nutr. 2008. 99, 709–714.
  • Wolfe, K. L.; Kang, X.; He, X.; Dong, M.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, R. H. Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Fruits. J. Agri. Food Chem 2008, 56, 8418–8426. DOI: 10.1021/jf801381y.
  • Yi, W.; Fischer, J.; Krewer, G.; Akoh, C. C. Phenolic Compounds from Blueberries Can Inhibit Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis. J. Agri. Food Chem 2005, 53(18), 7320–7329. DOI: 10.1021/jf051333o.
  • Abdulazeez, S. S.; Ponnusamy, P. Report: Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity of Strawberry Fruit Extracts against Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Rats. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 29(1), 255–260.
  • McCullough, M. L.; Peterson, J. J.; Patel, R.; Jacques, P. F.; Shah, R.; Dwyer, J. T. Flavonoid Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of US Adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2012, 95(2), 454–464. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.016634.
  • Rosamond, W.; Flegal, K.; Furie, K.; Go, A.; Greenlund, K.; Haase, N.; Hailpern, S. M.; Ho, M.; Howard, V.; Kissela, B. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2008 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circul. 2008, 117(4), e25–146.
  • WHO. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Total Cardiovascular Risk. In Vol. 2007; World Health Organization: Geneva, 2007, 1-30.
  • Mendis, S.; Lindholm, L. H.; Anderson, S. G.; Alwan, A.; Koju, R.; Onwubere, B. J.; Kayani, A. M.; Abeysinghe, N.; Duneas, A.; Tabagari, S., et al. Total Cardiovascular Risk Approach to Improve Efficiency of Cardiovascular Prevention in Resource Constrain Settings. J. Clin. Epid. 2011, 64(12), 1451–1462. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.001.
  • Zurbau, A.; Au‐Yeung, F.; Blanco Mejia, S.; Khan, T. A.; Vuksan, V.; Jovanovski, E.; Leiter, L. A.; Kendall, C. W.; Jenkins, D. J.; Sievenpiper, J. L. Relation of Different Fruit and Vegetable Sources with Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2020, 9(19), e017728. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017728.
  • Dauchet, L.; Amouyel, P.; Dallongeville, J. Fruits, Vegetables and Coronary Heart Disease. Nat. Rev. Cardio. 2009, 6, 599–608. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2009.131.
  • Djousse, L.; Lee, I. M.; Buring, J. E.; Gaziano, J. M. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Women: Potential Mediating Mechanisms. Circul. 2015, 120(3), 237–244. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.832360.
  • Scalzo, J.; Currie, A.; Stephens, J.; McGhie, T.; Alspach, P. The Anthocyanin Composition of Different Vaccinium, Ribes and Rubus Genotypes. BioFact. 2009, 34, 13. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520340103.
  • Deayu Putri, M.; Wiboworini, B.; Dirgahayu, P. The Effect of Strawberry on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Inter. J. Nutr. Sci 2020, 5(1), 1–6.
  • Lee, I. T.; Chan, Y. C.; Lin, C. W.; Lee, W. J., and Sheu, W. H. Effect of Cranberry Extracts on Lipid Profiles in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Diab Med. 2008, 25(12), 1473–1477.
  • Erlund, I.; Koli, R.; Alfthan, G.; Marniemi, J.; Puukka, P.; Mustonen, P.; Mattila, P.; Jula, A. Favorable Effects of Berry Consumption on Platelet Function, Blood Pressure, and HDL Cholesterol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2008, 87(2), 323–331. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.323.
  • Feng, R.; Bowman, L. L.; Lu, Y.; Leonard, S. S.; Shi, X.; Jiang, B. H.; Castranova, V.; Vallyathan, V.; Ding, M. Blackberry Extracts Inhibit Activating Protein 1 Activation and Cell Transformation by Perturbing the Mitogenic Signaling Pathway. Nutr. Cancer. 2004, 50(1), 80–89. DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5001_11.
  • Mazza, G.; Cacace, J. E.; Kay, C. D. Methods of Analysis for Anthocyanins in Plants and Biological Fluids. J. AOAC Int 2004, 87, 129–145. DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.1.129.
  • Devasagayam, T. P.; Tilak, J. C.; Boloor, K. K.; Sane, K. S.; Ghaskadbi, S. S.; Lele, R. D.Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Human Health: Current Status and Future Prospects. J Assoc Phys India. 2004, 52, 794–804.[.
  • Matchett, M. D.; MacKinnon, S. L.; Sweeney, M. I.; Gottschall-Pass, K. T.; Hurta, R. A. Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in DU145 Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Flavonoids from Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium Angustifolium): Possible Roles for Protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein-kinase-mediated Events. J. Nutr. Biochem 2006, 17(2), 117–125. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.014.
  • Pericleous, M.; Mandair, D.; Caplin, M. E. Diet and Supplements and Their Impact on Colorectal Cancer. J. Gastroint. Oncol. 2013, 4(4), 409–423.
  • Han, Y.; Huang, M.; Li, L.; Cai, X.; Gao, Z.; Li, F.; Rakariyatham, K.; Song, M.; Tomé, S. F.; Xiao, H. Non-extractable Polyphenols from Cranberries: Potential anti-inflammation and anti-colon-cancer Agents. Food Funct 2019, 10(12), 7714–7723. DOI: 10.1039/C9FO01536A.
  • Hakansson, F.; Hogdall, E. V.; Nedergaard, L.; Lundvall, L.; Engelholm, S. A.; Pedersen, A. T.; Hartwell, D.; Danish, H. C. Risk of Malignancy Index Used as a Diagnostic Tool in a Tertiary Centre for Patients with a Pelvic Mass Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.2012, 91(4), 496–502. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01359.x.