Species identification and quality evaluation of licorice in the herbal trade using DNA barcoding, HPLC and colorimetry

References

• Hayashi, H.; Sudo, H. Economic Importance of Licorice. Plant Biotechnol. 2009, 26(1), 101–104. DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. F.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y.A.; Zhu, H.L. A Review: The Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Four Kinds of Licorice Flavonoids Isolated from Licorice. Curr. Med. Chem. 2020, 27(12), 1997–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, R.; Wang, L.Q.; Yuan, B.C.; Liu, Y. The Pharmacological Activities of Licorice. Planta Med. 2015, 81(18), 1654–1669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L.; Jiang, Y.; Zhang, Z.X.; Hou, J.M.; Tian, S.K.; Liu, Y. The anti-diabetic Activity of Licorice, a Widely Used Chinese Herb. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020, 263,113216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission, C. P. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China; China Medical Science Press: Beijing, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Z. H.; Tao, W.W.; Li, J.P.; Guo, S.; Qian, D.W.; Shang, E.X.; Su, S.L.; Duan, J.A. Rapid Determination of Flavonoids in Licorice and Comparison of Three Licorice Species. J. Sep. Sci. 2016, 39(3), 473–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, X. T.; Li, X.; Chen, W. D.; Peng, C.; Zhu, G. Y. Pharmacognostical Study on Scoparia Dulcis L. J ANHUI Unier Chin Med. 2019, 38, 85–88.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, T.Three cultivated licorice genetic diversity and secondary metabolite content research; Gansu: Gansu Agricultural University, 2011 .
   Google Scholar
• Gao, Z. T.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X.Y.; Wei, X.M.; Han, J.P. DNA Mini-Barcoding: A Derived Barcoding Method for Herbal Molecular Identification. Front. Plant Sci. 2019, 10. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y. C.; Wang, H.; Wei, Q.; Cao, R.; Zhang, H.; He, Y.; Wang, L. Combining DNA Barcoding and HPLC Fingerprints to Trace Species of an Important Traditional Chinese Medicine Fritillariae Bulbus. Molecules. 2019, 24(18), 3269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, H. Y.; Li, P.; Ren, G.X.; Wang, Y.J.; Jiang, D.; Liu, C.S. Authentication of Three Source Spices of Arnebiae Radix Using DNA Barcoding and HPLC. Front Pharmacol 2021, 12, 677014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X. N.; Li, Y.P.; Xu, G.J.; Liu, C.S.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X.Q.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S.Q.; Gu, X. Identification of Notoginseng Powder Based on Similarity to “DNA Barcoding Core-genotype.” Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 2017, 28(3), 355–357. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1122777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, G. J.; Liu, C.S.; Liao, C.L.; Ren, X.L.; Zhang, X.Y.; Fu, X.R.; Wang, X.Y. Rapid and Accurate Identification of Adulterants via an Electronic Nose and DNA Identification Platform: Identification of Fake Velvet Antlers as an Example. J. Sens. 2016, 1830843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y. P.; Geng, L.; Liu, Y.Y.; Chen, M.Y.; Mu, Q.R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Ren, G.X.; Liu, C.S. Identification of Three Daphne Species by DNA Barcoding and HPLC Fingerprint Analysis. Plos One.2018, 13(8), e0201711 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, X. M.; Li, H.X.; Jiang, D.; Meng, J.Q.; Zhang, F.; Xu, Q; Chen, X.F.; Liu, C.S.; Yang, Y.J. Analysis of Fungi on Coix (Coix lacryma-jobi) Seed and the Effect of Its Aqueous Extract on the Growth of Aspergillus Flavus. J. Food Prot. 2019, 82(10), 1775–1782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S. Z.; Zeng, S.L.; Wu, Y.; Zheng, G.D.; Chu, C.; Yin, Q.; Chen, B.Z.; Li, P.; Lu, X.; Liu, E.H. . Cultivar Differentiation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by a Combination of Hierarchical three-step Filtering Metabolomics Analysis, DNA Barcoding and Electronic Nose. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2019, 1056, 62–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. X.; Zhang, M.; Chen, X.; Chen, X.; Hu, Y.; Gao, J.; Pan, W.; Xin, Y.; Wu, J.; Du, Y. . Developing an Efficient DNA Barcoding System to Differentiate between Lilium Species. BMC Plant Biol. 2021, 21(1), 13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kress, W. J.; Wurdack, K.J.; Zimmer, E.A.; Weight, L.A.; Janzen, D.H. Use of DNA Barcodes to Identify Flowering Plants. 2005. 102(23), 8369–8374.
   Google Scholar
• Islam, S. U.; Dar, T.U.H.; Khuroo, A.A.; Bhat, B.A.; Mangral, Z.A.; Tariq, L.; Tantray, W.W.; Malik, A.H. DNA Barcoding Aids in Identification of Adulterants of Trillium Govanianum Wall. Ex D. Don. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 2021, 23,100305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, M.; González-Burgos, E.; Divakar, P. K.; Gómez-Serranillos, M. P. DNA-Based Authentication and Metabolomics Analysis of Medicinal Plants Samples by DNA Barcoding and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Plants-Basel 2020, 9(11).doi:10.3390/plants9111601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, D. Y.; Qiu, Q.L.; Wang, Y.M.; Wang, Y.; Lu, Y.T.; Fan, D.M.; Wang, X.C. Rapid Identification of Different Grades of Huangshan Maofeng Tea Using Ultraviolet Spectrum and Color Difference. Molecules. 2020, 25(20), 11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. J., Lian, X.Y., Ye, C.L., Wang, L. Analysis of Flower Color Variations at Different Developmental Stages in Two Honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica Thunb.) Cultivars. Hortscience. 2019, 54(5), 779–782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, M.; Yan, D.H.; Yang, X.L.; Xue, X.Y.; Zhou, S.J.; Liang, S.W.; Wang, S.M.; Meng, J. Quality Assessment of Crude and Processed Arecae Semen Based on Colorimeter and HPLC Combined with Chemometrics Methods. J. Sep. Sci. 2017, 40(10), 2151–2160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao, J.; Luo, Z.L.; Li, Y.P.; Ren, G.X.; Liu, C.S.; Ma, X.J. Effect of Abscisic Acid on Accumulation of Five Active Components in Root of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis. Molecules. 2017, 22(11), 1982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, N. D.; Kanaki, N. S. Fingerprint Analysis of Shankhpushpi for Species Discrimination by HPLC Coupled with Chemometric Methods. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2020, 43(13–14), 455–463. DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1728695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuo, Z. H.; Xu, D.P.; Li, Y.P.; Pu, B.; Ye, M. Fingerprint Analysis of Zanthoxylum Armatum DC. by HPLC. J. Food Compost. Anal. 2021, 96,103736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q. L.; Wu, X.; Yang, X.D.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.N.; Li, X.X.; Qiu, Y. Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Lignum Caraganae and Rapid Discrimination of Caragana Jubata and Caragana Changduensis Based on Characteristic Compound Fingerprints by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS Coupled with Chemometrics Analysis. Phytochem. Anal. 2020, 31(6), 846–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, L. L.; Zhou, B.C.; Wang, X.Q.; Guo, W.F.; Wang, J.H.; Yao, R.Y.; Li, M.H. The Quality Monitoring of Cistanches Herba (Cistanche Deserticola Ma): A Value Chain Perspective. Front. Pharmacol. 2021, 12, 782962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunakova, K.; Balintova, M.; Henzelyova, J.; Kolarcik, V.; Kimakova, A.; Petijova, L.; Cellarova, E. Phytochemical Profiling of Several Hypericum Species Identified Using Genetic Markers. Phytochemistry. 2021, 187,112742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, R.; Li, W. D.; Ma, Y. S.; Zhou, S.; Xue, Y. T.; Lin, R. C.; Liu, Y. The Molecular Identification of Licorice Species and the Quality Evaluation of Licorice Slices. Acta Pharm Sin 2017, 52(2), 318–326.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, M. T.; Shi, Y.H.; Sun, W.; Wu, L.; Xiong, C.; Zhu, Z.H.; Zhao, H.F.; Zhang, B.L.; Wang, C.X.; Liu, X. An Efficient DNA Barcoding Based Method for the Authentication and Adulteration Detection of the Powdered Natural Spices. 2019, Food Control, 106,106745.
   Google Scholar
• Doh, E. J.; Lee, G.; Jung, H.J.; Kwon, K.B.; Kim, J.H. Chemotaxonomic Monitoring of Genetically Authenticated Amomi Fructus Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector with Chemometric Analysis. Molecules. 2020, 25(19), 4581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsilinakos, A.; Ragno, R.; Carradori, S.; Petralito, S.; Cesa, S. Carotenoid Content of Goji Berries: CIELAB, HPLC-DAD Analyses and Quantitative Correlation. Food Chem. 2018, 268, 49–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, M.; Ma, Z.; Cao, H. Colorimetric Parameters Correlated with the Variation in the Marker Constituent Contents during the Stir-fry Processing of Schizonepetae Spica. Food Anal. Methods. 2022,15(5),1300-1309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goisser, S.; Wittmann, S.; Fernandes, M.; Mempel, H.; Ulrichs, C. Comparison of Colorimeter and Different Portable Food -scanners for Non- Destructive Prediction of Lycopene Content in Tomato Fruit. Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 2020, 167,111232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ota, M.; Xu, F.; Li, Y.L.; Shang, M.Y.; Makino, T.; Cai, S.Q. Comparison of Chemical Constituents among Licorice, Roasted Licorice, and Roasted Licorice with Honey. J. Nat. Med. 2018, 72(1), 80–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar