320
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Reformulation of white chocolate with soy- and coconut-based vegetable ingredients incorporating encapsulated cinnamon extract: investigation of physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties

ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 704-728 | Received 20 Nov 2023, Accepted 11 May 2024, Published online: 25 May 2024

References

  • Goya, L.; Kongor, J. E.; de Pascual-Teresa, S. From Cocoa to Chocolate: Effect of Processing on Flavanols and Methylxanthines and Their Mechanisms of Action. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14365. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214365.
  • Ostrowska-Ligęza, E.; Górska, A.; Wirkowska-Wojdyła, M.; Bryś, J.; Dolatowska-Żebrowska, K.; Shamilowa, M.; Ratusz, K. Thermogravimetric Characterization of Dark and Milk Chocolates at Different Processing Stages. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2018, 134(1), 623–631. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-018-7091-4.
  • Barisic, V.; Kopjar, M.; Jozinovic, A.; Flanjak, I.; Flanjak, I.; Miličević, B.; Šubarić, D.; Jokić, S.; Babić, J. The Chemistry Behind Chocolate Production. Molecules 2019, 24(17), 3163. DOI:10.3390/molecules24173163.
  • Ditchfield, C.; Kushida, M. M.; Mazalli, M. R.; Sobral, P. J. A. Can Chocolate Be Classified As an Ultra-Processed Food? A Short Review on Processing and Health Aspects to Help Answer This Question. Foods 2023, 12(16), 3070. DOI: 10.3390/foods12163070.
  • Indiarto, R.; Subroto, E.; Sukri, N.; Djali, M. Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Beans Processing Technology: A Review of Flavonoid Changes. Asian J. Plant Sci. 2021, 20(4), 684–693. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2021.684.693.
  • Indiarto, R.; Pranoto, Y.; Santoso, U.; Supriyanto, S. In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Profile of Polyphenol Compounds Extracts and Their Fractions on Cacao Beans. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2019, 22(1), 34–44. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.34.44.
  • Indiarto, R.; Pranoto, Y.; Santoso, U.; Supriyanto, S. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Cacao Bean Extract Through Water Blanching. Pakistan J. Nutr. 2019, 18(3), 278–287. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2019.278.287.
  • Bordiga, M.; Locatelli, M.; Travaglia, F.; Coïsson, J. D.; Mazza, G.; Arlorio, M. Evaluation of the Effect of Processing on Cocoa Polyphenols: Antiradical Activity, Anthocyanins and Procyanidins Profiling from Raw Beans to Chocolate. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015, 50(3), 840–848. DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12760.
  • Martin, M. A.; Goya, L.; Ramos, S. Potential for Preventive Effects of Cocoa and Cocoa Polyphenols in Cancer. Food. Chem. Toxicol. 2013, 56, 336–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.020.
  • Praseptiangga, D.; Invicta, S. E.; Khasanah, L. U. Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dark Chocolate Bar with Addition of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmannii) Bark Oleoresin Microcapsule. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2019, 56(9), 4323–4332. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03901-8.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Tuenter, E.; Patria, G. D.; Foubert, K.; Pieters, L.; Dewettinck, K. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cinnamomum Burmannii Blume Extracts and Their Potential Application in White Chocolate. Food Chem. 2021, 340, 127983. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127983.
  • Zhao, B.; Deng, J.; Li, H.; He, Y.; Lan, T.; Wu, D.; Gong, H.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z. Optimization of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Chinese Moringa Oleifera Leaves and Antioxidant Activities. J. Food Qual. 2019, 2019, 1–13. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5346279.
  • Indiarto, R.; Indriana, L. P. A.; Andoyo, R.; Subroto, E.; Nurhadi, B. Bottom–Up Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Review of Techniques, Polyphenol-Based Core Materials, and Their Properties. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2022, 248(1), 1–24. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03867-y.
  • de Souza, V. B.; Thomazini, M.; Echalar Barrientos, M. A.; Nalin, C. M.; Ferro-Furtado, R.; Genovese, M. I.; Favaro-Trindade, C. S. Functional Properties and Encapsulation of a Proanthocyanidin-Rich Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) by Complex Coacervation Using Gelatin and Different Polysaccharides. Food Hydrocoll. 2018, 77, 297–306. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.09.040.
  • Xiao, Z.; Xia, J.; Zhao, Q.; Niu, Y.; Zhao, D. Maltodextrin as Wall Material for Microcapsules: A Review. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022, 298, 120113. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120113.
  • Szilagyi, A.; Ishayek, N. Lactose Intolerance, Dairy Avoidance, and Treatment Options. Nutrients 2018, 10(12), 12. DOI: 10.3390/nu10121994.
  • Selvasekaran, P.; Chidambaram, R. Advances in Formulation for the Production of Low-Fat, Fat-Free, Low-Sugar, and Sugar-Free Chocolates: An Overview of the Past Decade. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2021, 113(May), 315–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.008.
  • Glicerina, V.; Balestra, F.; Dalla Rosa, M.; Romani, S. Microstructural and Rheological Characteristics of Dark, Milk and White Chocolate: A Comparative Study. J. Food Eng. 2016, 169, 165–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.011.
  • Ostrowska-Ligęza, E.; Marzec, A.; Górska, A.; Wirkowska-Wojdyła, M.; Bryś, J.; Rejch, A.; Czarkowska, K. A Comparative Study of Thermal and Textural Properties of Milk, White and Dark Chocolates. Thermochim. Acta. 2019, 671(November 2018), 60–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2018.11.005.
  • Akharume, F. U.; Aluko, R. E.; Adedeji, A. A. Modification of Plant Proteins for Improved Functionality: A Review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2021, 20(1), 198–224. DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12688.
  • Qin, P.; Wang, T.; Luo, Y. A Review on Plant-Based Proteins from Soybean: Health Benefits and Soy Product Development. J. Agric. Food Res. 2022, 7, 100265. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100265.
  • Paulsen, P. V. Isolated Soy Protein Usage in Beverages; Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2009. DOI: 10.1533/9781845695569.3.318.
  • Selamat, J.; Hussin, N.; Mohd Zain, A.; Che Man, Y. B. Effects of Soy Protein Isolates on Quality of Chocolates During Storage. J. Food Process Preserv. 1998, 22(3), 185–197. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1998.tb00344.x.
  • Raghani, R.; Rana, K.; Student, M. S. Development of Chocolate Using Nanosized Soy Protein Isolate, Jaggery and Casein Protein. Int. J. Trend Res. Dev. 2013, 9(2), 32–35.
  • Hopkin, L.; Broadbent, H.; Ahlborn, G. J. Influence of Almond and Coconut Flours on Ketogenic, Gluten-Free Cupcakes. Food Chem. X. 2022, 13, 100182. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100182.
  • Yeganehzad, S.; Mazaheri-Tehrani, M.; Mohebbi, M.; Habibi Najafi, M. B.; Baratian, Z. Effects of Replacing Skim Milk Powder with Soy Flour and Ball Mill Refining Time on Particle Size and Rheological Properties of Compound Chocolate. J. Agric. Sci. Technol 2012, 15(1), 125–135. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4970.9288.
  • Torregrossa, F.; Cinquanta, L.; Albanese, D.; Cuomo, F.; Librici, C.; Lo Meo, P.; Conte, P. Vegan and Sugar-Substituted Chocolates: Assessing Physicochemical Characteristics by NMR Relaxometry, Rheology, and DSC. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2024, 250(4), 1219–1228. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04457-w.
  • Dumbrava, D.; Popescu, L. A.; Soica, C. M.; Nicolin, A.; Cocan, I.; Negrea, M.; Alexa, E.; Obistioiu, D.; Radulov, I.; Popescu, S., et al. Nutritional, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Profile of Two Innovative Types of Vegan, Sugar-Free Chocolate. Foods 2020, 9(12), 1844. DOI: 10.3390/foods9121844.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Zulfa, F.; Purnomo, D.; Widiatmoko, C.; Fibri, D. L. N. Consumer Acceptance of Chocolate Formulated with Functional Ingredient. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2021, 637(1), 012081. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/637/1/012081.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Zulfa, F.; Purnomo, D.; Widiatmoko, C.; Fibri, D. L. N. Antioxidant Activities and Physical Properties of Milk Chocolate Enriched with Plant-Based Functional Ingredients. Food Res. 2023, 7(Supplementary 1), 268–275. DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.7(S1).6.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Fibri, D. L. N.; Prakash, S. Improving the Functionality of Chocolate by Incorporating Vegetal Extracts. In Trends in Sustainable Chocolate Production; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2022, 113–152. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90169-1_4.
  • Lončarević, I.; Pajin, B.; Fišteš, A.; Tumbas Šaponjac, V.; Petrović, J.; Jovanović, P.; Vulić, J.; Zarić, D. Enrichment of White Chocolate with Blackberry Juice Encapsulate: Impact on Physical Properties, Sensory Characteristics and Polyphenol Content. LWT. 2018, 92, 458–464. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.002.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Saputro, A. D.; Rottiers, H.; Van de Walle, D.; Dewettinck, K. Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Chocolates Enriched with Engineered Cinnamon Nanoparticles. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2018, 244(7), 1185–1202. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3035-2.
  • Todorović, A.; Šturm, L.; Salević-Jelić, A.; Lević, S.; Osojnik Črnivec, I. G.; Prislan, I.; Skrt, M.; Bjeković, A.; Poklar Ulrih, N.; Nedović, V. Encapsulation of Bilberry Extract with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic by Freeze-Drying: Formulation, Characterisation, and Storage Stability. Processes 2022, 10(10), 1991. DOI: 10.3390/pr10101991.
  • Ioannone, F.; Di Mattia, C. D.; De Gregorio, M.; Sergi, M.; Serafini, M.; Sacchetti, G. F. Flavanols, Proanthocyanidins and Antioxidant Activity Changes During Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Roasting as Affected by Temperature and Time of Processing. Food Chem. 2015, 174, 256–262. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.019.
  • Indiarto, R.; Rahimah, S.; Subroto, E.; Putri, N. A. G.; Pangawikan, A. D. Antioxidant Activity and Characteristics of a Cocoa Drink Formulated with Encapsulated Green Coffee Extract. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2022, 25(1), 2477–2494. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2144883.
  • Indiarto, R.; Reni, R.; Utama, G. L.; Subroto, E.; Pangawikan, A. D.; Djali, M. The Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Chocolate Biscuits Incorporated with Encapsulated Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Peel Extract. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2023, 26(1), 122–138. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2159429.
  • Indiarto, R.; Herwanto, J. A.; Filianty, F.; Lembong, E.; Subroto, E.; Muhammad, D. R. A. Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and Characteristics of a Chocolate Beverage Incorporated with Encapsulated Clove Bud Extract. CyTA - J. Food 2024, 22(1). DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2024.2329144.
  • Aria, P. S. Other Constituents. In Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL; Oxford University Press, 2023. DOI: 10.1093/9780197610145.003.199.
  • Aria, P. S. Fat In Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL; Oxford University Press, 2023. DOI: 10.1093/9780197610145.003.198.
  • Feichtinger, A.; Scholten, E.; Sala, G. Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Rheological Properties of Chocolate. Food Funct. 2020, 11(11), 9547–9559. DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01655a.
  • Afoakwa, E. O.; Paterson, A.; Fowler, M.; Vieira, J. Particle Size Distribution and Compositional Effects on Textural Properties and Appearance of Dark Chocolates. J. Food Eng. 2008, 87(2), 181–190. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.11.025.
  • Subroto, E.; Indiarto, R.; Pangawikan, A. D.; Lembong, E.; Wulandari, E.; Selica, A.; Hartomo, J. I. Melting Behaviour of Cocoa Butter Substitutes Synthesised by Enzymatic Glycerolysis of Coconut Oil and Palm Stearin Blends. Food Res. 2023, 7(3), 194–202. DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.7(3).872.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Lemarcq, V.; Alderweireldt, E.; Vanoverberghe, P.; Praseptiangga, D.; Juvinal, J. G.; Dewettinck, K. Antioxidant Activity and Quality Attributes of White Chocolate Incorporated with Cinnamomum Burmannii Blume Essential Oil. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2020, 57(5), 1731–1739. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04206-6.
  • Santiago-Adame, R.; Medina-Torres, L.; Gallegos-Infante, J. A.; Calderas, F.; González-Laredo, R. F.; Rocha-Guzmán, N. E.; Ochoa-Martínez, L. A.; Bernad-Bernad, M. J. Spray Drying-Microencapsulation of Cinnamon Infusions (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) with Maltodextrin. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2015, 64(2), 571–577. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.020.
  • Duval, J.; Pecher, V.; Poujol, M.; Lesellier, E. Research Advances for the Extraction, Analysis and Uses of Anthraquinones: A Review. Ind. Crops Prod. 2016, 94, 812–833. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.056.
  • Król-Grzymała, A.; Amarowicz, R. Phenolic Compounds of Soybean Seeds from Two European Countries and Their Antioxidant Properties. Molecules. 2020, 25(9), 1–11. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092075.
  • Mahayothee, B.; Koomyart, I.; Khuwijitjaru, P.; Siriwongwilaichat, P.; Nagle, M.; Müller, J. Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Profiles of Coconut Water and Meat at Different Maturity Stages. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2016, 19(9), 2041–2051. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1099042.
  • Smith, L. F.; Patterson, J.; Walker, L. T.; Verghese, M. Antioxidant Potential of Coconut Flour in Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer Res 2016, 12(1), 29–39. DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2016.29.39.
  • Park, H.; Lee, M.; Kim, K. T.; Park, E.; Paik, H. D. Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Effect of Dairy Products Supplemented with Red Ginseng Extract. J. Dairy. Sci. 2018, 101(10), 8702–8710. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14690.
  • Ertan, K.; Bayana, D.; Gökçe, Ö.; Alatossava, T.; Yılmaz, Y.; Gürsoy, O. Total Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Pasteurized and UHT- Treated Cow Milk Samples Marketed in Turkey. Akad. Gıda 2017, 15(2), 103–108. DOI: 10.24323/akademik-gida.333630.
  • Lončarević, I.; Pajin, B.; Tumbas Šaponjac, V.; Petrović, J.; Vulić, J.; Fišteš, A.; Jovanović, P. P. Physical, Sensorial and Bioactive Characteristics of White Chocolate with Encapsulated Green Tea Extract. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2019, 99(13), 5834–5841. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9855.
  • Barišić, V.; Stokanović, M. C.; Flanjak, I.; Doko, K.; Jozinović, A.; Babić, J.; Šubarić, D.; Miličević, B.; Cindrić, I.; Ačkar, Đ. Cocoa Shell as a Step Forward to Functional Chocolates—Bioactive Components in Chocolates with Different Composition. Molecules. 2020, 25(22), 1–12. DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES25225470.
  • Gulcin, I.; Kaya, R.; Goren, A. C.; Akincioglu, H.; Topal, M.; Bingol, Z.; Cetin Çakmak, K.; Ozturk Sarikaya, S. B.; Durmaz, L.; Alwasel, S. A. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Bark Extracts: Polyphenol Contents Analysis by LC-MS/MS. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2019, 22(1), 1511–1526. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1656232.
  • Bolanho, B. C.; Beleia, A. D. P. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Soy Products. Alim. Nutr. Araraquara 2011, 22(4), 539–546. DOI: out./dez2011.
  • Arivalagan, M.; Roy, T. K.; Yasmeen, A. M.; Pavithra, K. C.; Jwala, P. N.; Shivasankara, K. S.; Manikantan, M. R.; Hebbar, K. B.; Kanade, S. R. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Potential from Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Testa and Identification of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Using UPLC Coupled with TQD-MS/MS; Elsevier Ltd, LWT 2018, 92, 116–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.024.
  • Cheng, C. M.; Jalil, A. M. M.; Ismail, A. Phenolic and Theobromine Contents of Commercial Dark, Milk and White Chocolates on the Malaysian Market. Molecules 2009, 14(1), 200–209. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010200.
  • Besle, J. M.; Viala, D.; Martin, B.; Pradel, P.; Meunier, B.; Berdagué, J. L.; Fraisse, D.; Lamaison, J. L.; Coulon, J. B. Ultraviolet-Absorbing Compounds in Milk Are Related to Forage Polyphenols. J. Dairy. Sci. 2010, 93(7), 2846–2856. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2939.
  • Ervina, M.; Nawu, Y. E.; Esar, S. Y. Comparison of in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Infusion, Extract and Fractions of Indonesian Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmannii) Bark. Int. Food Res. J. 2016, 23(3), 1346–1350.
  • Simbine, E. O.; Rodrigues, L. D. C.; Burbarelli, M. F. D. C.; Fávaro-Trindade, C. S.; Viegas, E. M. M.; Enke, D. B. S.; Lapa-Guimarães, J. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extracts Reduce Lipid Oxidation in Broadband Anchovy (Anchoviella Lepidentostole) Minced Fish. Food Sci. Technol. 2022, 42, 1–10. DOI: 10.1590/fst.46420.
  • Indiarto, R.; Irawan, A. N.; Subroto, E. Meat Irradiation: A Comprehensive Review of Its Impact on Food Quality and Safety. Foods 2023, 12(9), 1845. DOI: 10.3390/foods12091845.
  • Nguyen, Q. D.; Dang, T. T.; Nguyen, T. V. L.; Nguyen, T. T. D.; Nguyen, N. N. Microencapsulation of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Anthocyanins: Effects of Different Carriers on Selected Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Spray-Dried and Freeze-Dried Powder. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2022, 25(1), 359–374. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2044846.
  • Ayrancı, U. G.; Şeker, A.; Arısoy, S.; Çimen, H.; Üstün-Aytekin, Ö. Antioxidant Activity and Identification of Food Proteins by Digestive Enzyme Supplementation and Fermentation with Lactobacillus Kefiri. Czech J. Food Sci. 2019, 37(3), 155–164. DOI: 10.17221/138/2018-CJFS.
  • Bolling, B. W.; Blumberg, J. B.; Chen, C. Y. O. Extraction Methods Determine the Antioxidant Capacity and Induction of Quinone Reductase by Soy Products in vitro. Food Chem. 2009, 116(1), 351–355. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.087.
  • Vuthijumnonk, J.; Rajchasom, S. Total Dietary Fiber in Coconut Powder Cookies and Their Antioxidant Activity: A Healthy Snack Potentiality. ETP Int. J. Food Eng. 2019, 5(1), 88–91. DOI: 10.18178/ijfe.5.1.88-91.
  • Adeloye, J. B.; Osho, H.; Idris, L. O. Defatted Coconut Flour Improved the Bioactive Components, Dietary Fibre, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of Nixtamalized Maize Flour. J. Agric. Food Res. 2020, 2(February), 100042. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100042.
  • Stobiecka, M.; Król, J.; Brodziak, A. Antioxidant Activity of Milk and Dairy Products. Animals 2022, 12(3), 245. DOI: 10.3390/ani12030245.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Praseptiangga, D.; Van de Walle, D.; Dewettinck, K. Interaction Between Natural Antioxidants Derived from Cinnamon and Cocoa in Binary and Complex Mixtures. Food Chem. 2017, 231, 356–364. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.128.
  • Zaker Md, A.; Tr, G. Effects of Defatted Soy Flour Incorporation on Physical, Sensorial and Nutritional Properties of Biscuits. J. Food Process. Technol 2012, 03(04), 04. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000149.
  • Parate Vishal, R.; Sonawane Shriram, S.; Munje Shyam, S. Food Fortification of Soy Protein Isolate for Human Health. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 2018, 22(12), 108–115.
  • Huffman, L. M.; de Barros Ferreira, L. Whey - Based Ingredients. In Dairy Ingredients for Food Processing; Chandan, R.C.; Kilara, A.; Eds.; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: USA, 2011; 179–198. DOI: 10.1002/9780470959169.ch8.
  • Lonˇcarevi´c, I.; Pajin, B.; Petrovi´c, J.; Nikoli´c, I.; Maravi´c, N.; Aˇckar, Ð. ¯.; Šubari´c, D.; Zari´c, D.; Miliˇcevi´c, B. White Chocolate with Resistant Starch: Impact on Physical Properties, Dietary Fiber Content and Sensory Characteristics. Molecules 2021, 26(5908), 1–12. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195908.
  • Ramya, H.; Pattan, N. Development and Quality Evaluation of Ready-To-Use Use Coconut Flour. Int. J. Curr. Res. 2019, 11(3), 2512–2514.
  • Hossain, S. Incorporation of Coconut Flour in Plain Cake and Investigation of the Effect of Sugar and Baking Powder on Its Baking Quality. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2016, 5(1), 31. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160501.15.
  • Stoin, D. Researches Regarding the Influence of Coconut Flour Addition on the Nutritional Value of Gluten-Free Cookies. J. Agroaliment. Process. Technol 2016, 22(4), 292–300.
  • Ergönül, P. G.; Ergönül, B.; Seçkin, A. K. Cholesterol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Chocolates Mostly Consumed in Turkey Contenido de Colesterol y Perfil de Ácidos Grasos de Los Chocolates Más Consumidos En Turquía. CyTA - J. Food. 2010, 8(1), 73–78. DOI: 10.1080/19476330903205033.
  • Liang, B.; Hartel, R. W. Effects of Milk Powders in Milk Chocolate. J. Dairy. Sci. 2004, 87(1), 20–31. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73137-9.
  • Rakin, M.; Bulatović, M.; Zarić, D.; Krunić, T.; Lončarević, I.; Petrović, J.; Pajin, B. Influence of Added Whey Proteins and Hydrolysates on Rheological and Textural Characteristics of Milk Chocolate. Food Sci. Technol. Int. 2023, 29(6), 610–618. DOI: 10.1177/10820132221103758.
  • Torrecillas, C. M.; Halbert, G. W.; Lamprou, D. A. A Novel Methodology to Study Polymodal Particle Size Distributions Produced During Continuous Wet Granulation. Int. J. Pharm. 2017, 519(1–2), 230–239. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.023.
  • Beckett, S. T. Non-Conventional Machines and Processes. 2009. DOI: 10.1002/9781444301588.ch17.
  • Małecki, J.; Muszyński, S.; Sołowiej, B. G. Proteins in Food Systems—Bionanomaterials, Conventional and Unconventional Sources, Functional Properties, and Development Opportunities. Polymers 2021, 13(15), 15. DOI: 10.3390/polym13152506.
  • Lapčíková, B.; Lapčík, L.; Salek, R.; Valenta, T.; Lorencová, E.; Vašina, M. Physical Characterization of the Milk Chocolate Using Whey Powder. LWT 2022, 154, 154. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112669.
  • Wahidin, T.; Danggi, E. Pengaruh Bahan Penyusun Produk Cokelat Batangan Terhadap Waktu Leleh Dan Uji Organoleptik. J. Sains dan Teknol. Pangan 2017, 2(1), 285–297.
  • Indiarto, R.; Nurhadi, B.; Dan, E. S. Kajian Karakteristik Tekstur Dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam Asap Berbasis Teknologi Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa. J. Teknol. Has. Pertan 2012, 5(2), 106–116.
  • Majzoobi, M.; Ghiasi, F.; Habibi, M.; Hedayati, S.; Farahnaky, A. Influence of Soy Protein Isolate on the Quality of Batter and Sponge Cake. J. Food Process Preserv. 2014, 38(3), 1164–1170. DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12076.
  • Chandra, M. V.; Shamasundar, B. A. Texture Profile Analysis and Functional Properties of Gelatin from the Skin of Three Species of Fresh Water Fish. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2015, 18(3), 572–584. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.845787.
  • Yusof, N.; Jaswir, I.; Jamal, P.; Jami, M. S. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of the Jelly Dessert Prepared from Halal Gelatin Extracted Using High Pressure Processing (HPP). Malaysian J. Fundam. Appl. Sci. 2019, 15(4), 604–608. DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v15n4.1583.
  • Goranova, Z.; Alexieva, I.; Petrova, T. Effect of Coconut Products, Mesquite Flour and Stevia on the Thermal and Quality Properties of Dark Chocolate. Ukr. Food J. 2021, 10(4), 774–785. DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2021-10-4-11.
  • Tan, J.; Kerr, W. L. Determination of Chocolate Melting Properties by Capacitance Based Thermal Analysis (CTA). J. Food Meas. Charact. 2018, 12(1), 641–649. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9677-0.
  • Afoakwa, E. O.; Paterson, A.; Fowler, M.; Vieira, J. Influence of Tempering and Fat Crystallization Behaviours on Microstructural and Melting Properties in Dark Chocolate Systems. Food. Res. Int. 2009, 42(1), 200–209. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.10.007.
  • Milovanovic, B.; Djekic, I.; Miocinovic, J.; Djordjevic, V.; Lorenzo, J. M.; Barba, F. J.; Mörlein, D.; Tomasevic, I. What Is the Color of Milk and Dairy Products and How Is it Measured? Foods. 2020, 9(11), 1–17. DOI: 10.3390/foods9111629.
  • O’Flynn, T. D.; Hogan, S. A.; Daly, D. F. M.; O’Mahony, J. A.; McCarthy, N. A. Rheological and Solubility Properties of Soy Protein Isolate. Molecules 2021, 26(10), 3015. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103015.
  • Naik, A.; Venu, G. V.; Prakash, M.; Raghavarao, K. S. M. S. Dehydration of Coconut Skim Milk and Evaluation of Functional Properties. CyTA - J. Food. 2014, 12(3), 227–234. DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.833296.
  • Zyzelewicz, D.; Krysiak, W.; Nebesny, E.; Budryn, G. Application of Various Methods for Determination of the Color of Cocoa Beans Roasted Under Variable Process Parameters. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2014, 238(4), 549–563. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2123-6.
  • Praseptiangga, D.; Nabila, Y.; Muhammad, D. R. A. Kajian Tingkat Penerimaan Panelis Pada Dark Chocolate Bar Dengan Penambahan Bubuk Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Burmannii). J. Caraka Tani 2018, 33(1), 78–88. DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v33i1.19582.
  • Anita-Sari, I.; Murti, R. H.; Misnawi Putra, E. T. S.; Susilo, B.; Setyawan, A. W.; Susilo, A. W. Flavor Characteristics of Three Indonesian Cocoa Clones in Four Environments. Agronomy 2023, 13(10), 2658. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13102658.
  • Wang, Y.; Yan, H.; Zhuang, Y.; Tian, Y.; Yang, H. Effect of Soy Protein Isolate, Egg White Protein and Whey Protein Isolate on the Flavor Characteristics of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) Surimi. LWT. 2023, 186, 115237. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115237.
  • Raczyk, M.; Kruszewski, B.; Michałowska, D. T. Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Baked Wheat. Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4641. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154641.
  • Muhammad, D. R. A.; Marettama, N. M.; Fauza, G.; Affandi, D. R. Can Ingredients and Information Interventions Affect the Hedonic Level and (Emo-Sensory) Perceptions of the Milk Chocolate and Cocoa Drink’s Consumers? Open Agri. 2022, 7(1), 847–856. doi: 10.1515/opag-2022-0146.
  • Schober, P.; Boer, C.; Schwarte, L. A. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesth. Analg. 2018, 126(5), 1763–1768. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.
  • Ao, L.; Liu, P.; Wu, A.; Zhao, J.; Hu, X. Characterization of Soybean Protein Isolate-Food Polyphenol Interaction via Virtual Screening and Experimental Studies. Foods 2021, 10(11), 2813. DOI: 10.3390/foods10112813.
  • Cornelia, M.; Tunardy, A. M.; Sinaga, W. S. L. The Effect of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum Burmanii L.) Addition Towards the Characteristics of Soy Milk Ice Cream. Adv. Biol. Sci. Res 2022, 16, 32–38.