Demographic factors, temperament and the quality of the preschool environment as predictors of daily cortisol changes among Finnish six-year-old children

References

• Ahnert, L., Gunnar, M. G., Lamb, M. E., Barthel, M. 2004. Transition to Child Care: Associations with Infant-Mother Attachment, Infant Negative Emotion, and Cortisol Elevations. Child Development 75 (3): 639–650. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00698.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, L. B., Lu, Q., Tsao, J. C. I., Worthmann, C. M., Zeltzer, L. K. 2009. Sex Differences in the Association Between Cortisol Concentrations and Laboratory Pain Responses in Healthy Children. Gender Medicine 6: 193–207. doi: 10.1016/j.genm.2009.03.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., Welsch, R. E. 1980. Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, J., Davis, E. P., Gunnar, M. R. 2002. Individual Differences in Children's Cortisol Response to the Beginning of a New School Year. Psychoneuroendocrinology 27 (6): 635–650. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00031-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassiba, R., van Ijzendoorn, M., D'Odorico, L. 2000. Attachment and Play in Child Care Centres: Reliability and Validity of the Attachment Q-Sort for Mothers and Professional Caregivers in Italy. International Journal of Behavioral Development 24 (2): 241–255. doi: 10.1080/016502500383377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chida, Y., Steptoe, A. 2009. Cortisol Awakening Response and Psychosocial Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biological Psychology 80: 265–278. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compas, B. E. 2006. Psychobiological Processes of Stress and Coping: Implications for Resilience in Children and Adolescents – Comments on the Papers of Romeo and McEwen and Fisher et al. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094: 226–234. doi: 10.1196/annals.1376.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantino, J. N., Olesh, H. 1999. Mental Representations of Attachment in Day-Care Providers. Infant Mental Health Journal 20 (2): 138–147. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199922)20:2<138::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, M., Dora, P. P., Delaney, L., MacLachlan, M. 2011. The Role of Awakening Cortisol and Psychological Distress in Diurnal Variations in Affect: A Day Reconstruction Study. Emotion 11 (3): 524–532. doi: 10.1037/a0022590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, E. P., Donzella, B., Krueger, W. K., Gunnar, M. R. 1999. The Start of a New School Year: Individual Differences in Salivary Cortisol Response in Relation to Child Temperament. Developmental Psychobiology 35 (3): 188–196. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199911)35:3<188::AID-DEV3>3.0.CO;2-K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettling, A. C., Gunnar, M. R., Donzella, B. 1999. Cortisol Levels of Young Children in Full-Day Childcare Centers: Relations with Age and Temperament. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24 (5): 519–536. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(99)00009-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettling, A. C., Parker, S. W., Lane, S., Sebanc, A., Gunnar, M. R. 2000. Quality of Care and Temperament Determine Changes in Cortisol Concentrations Over the Day for Young Children in Childcare. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25 (8): 819–836. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(00)00028-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Goozen, S. H. M., Snoek, H. F., Graeme, H., Gordon, T. 2007. The Evidence for a Neurobiological Model of Childhood Antisocial Behavior. Psychological Bulletin 133 (1): 149–182. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groenveld, M. G., Vermeer, H. J., Ijzendoorn, M. H., Linting, M. 2010. Children's Wellbeing and Cortisol Levels in Home-Based and Center-Based Childcare. Early Childhood Quarterly 25: 502–514. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gröschl, M., Rauh, M., Dörr, H.-G. 2003. Circadian Rhythm of Salivary Cortisol, 17 α-Hydroxyprogestrone, and Progesterone in Healthy Children. Clinical chemistry 49 (10): 1688–1691. doi: 10.1373/49.10.1688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M 2001. Low Cortisol and a Flattening of Expected Daytime Rhythm: Potential Indices of Risk in Human Development. Development and Psychopathology 13 (3): 515–538. doi: 10.1017/S0954579401003066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M., Barr, R. 1998. Stress, Early Brain Development, and Behaviour. Infants and Young Children 11: 1–14. doi: 10.1097/00001163-199807000-00004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M., Quevedo, K. 2007. The Neurobiology of Stress and Development. Annual Review of Psychology 58 (1): 145–173. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M., Quevedo, K. 2008. Early Care Experiences and HPA Axis Regulation in Children: A Mechanism for Later Trauma Vulnerability. Progress in Brain Research 167: 137–149. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67010-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M., Vazquez, D. 2006. Stress Neurobiology and Developmental Psychopathology. In CicchettiD.CohenD. (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology: Developmental Neuroscience, pp. 533–577. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M. R., Cheatham, C. L. 2003. Brain and Behavior Interface: Stress and the Developing Brain. Infant Mental Health Journal 24 (3): 195–211. doi: 10.1002/imhj.10052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M. R., Donzella, B. 2002. Social Regulation of the Cortisol Levels in Early Human Development. Psychoneuroendocrinology 27 (1–2): 199–220. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00045-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M. R., Fisher, P. A., The early experience, stress, and prevention network, 2006. Bringing Basic Research on Early Experience and Stress Neurobiology to Bear on Preventive Interventions for Neglected and Maltreated Children. Development and Psychopathology 18: 651–677. doi: 10.1017/S0954579406060330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haan, M., Gunnar, M. R., Tout, K., Hart, J., Stansbury, K. 1998. Familiar and Novel Contexts Yield Different Associations Between Cortisol and Behavior Among 2-Year-Olds. Developmental Psychobiology 33 (1): 93–101. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199807)33:1<93::AID-DEV8>3.0.CO;2-N
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley, D. W., Weinberg, J., Grunau, R. E. 2006. Cortisol, Contingency Learning, and Memory in Preterm and Full-Term Infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31 (1): 108–117. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz-Ebrecht, S. R., Kirschbaum, C., Marmot, M., Steptoe, A. 2008. Differences in Cortisol Awakening Response on Work Days and Weekends in Women and Men from the Whitehall Cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29: 516–528. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00072-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, M. C., White, B. P., Cochran, A., Donzella, B., Gunnar, M. 1998. Dampening of the Cortisol Response to Handling at 3 Months in Human Infants and its Relation to Sleep, Circadian Cortisol Activity, and Behavioral Distress. Developmental Psychobiology 33: 327–337. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199812)33:4<327::AID-DEV4>3.0.CO;2-S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, S., Wiener, S. G. 1988. Psychoendocrine Aspects of Mother-Infant Relationships in Nonhuman Primates. Psychoneuroendocrinology 13: 143–154. doi: 10.1016/0306-4530(88)90011-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linkowski, P 2003. Neuroendocrine Profiles in Mood Disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 6: 191–197. doi: 10.1017/S1461145703003407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., Diorio, J., Day, J. C., Francis, D. D., Meaney, M. J. 2000. Maternal Care, Hippocampal Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Development in Rats. Nature Neuroscience 3 (8): 799–806. doi: 10.1038/77702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien, S. J., McEven, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., Heim, C. 2009. Effects of Stress Throughout the Lifespan on the Brain, Behaviour and Cognition. Nature Neuroscience 10: 434–445. doi: 10.1038/nrn2639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meaney, M 2010. Epigenetics and the Biological Definition of Gene × Environment Interactions. Child Development 81 (1): 41–79. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01381.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHD (National Institute of Child Health and Development) Early Child Care Research Network 1997. The Effects of Infant Child Care on Infant-Mother Attachment: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development 68 (5): 860–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, R., Garde, A. H., Hansen, Å. M., Österberg, K., Larsson, B., Ørbæk, P., Karlson, B. 2008. Seasonal Variation in Human Salivary Cortisol Concentration. Chronobiology International 25 (6): 923–937. doi: 10.1080/07420520802553648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, D. A., Close, G. C., Fielding, B. A. 1983. Age of Appearance of Circadian Rhythm in Salivary Cortisol Values in Infancy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 58 (6): 454–456. doi: 10.1136/adc.58.6.454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, S. P., Rothbart, M. K. 2006. Development of Short and Very Short Forms of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment 87 (1): 103–113. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantala, A., Uotinen, S., McWilliam, R. A. 2009. Providing Early Intervention within Natural Environments. Infants and Young Children 22 (2): 119–131. doi: 10.1097/IYC.0b013e3181a02f98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., Fisher, P. 2001. Investigations of Temperament at Three to Seven Years: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development 72 (5): 1394–1408. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusanen, E 2008. Esiopetus lapsen silmin: tutkimus kokemuksesta, tiedon transferoitumisesta ja metatietoisuudesta. Helsinki: Palmenia Helsinki University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Russ, S. J., Herbert, J., Cooper, P., Gunnar, M., Goodyer, I., Croudace, T., Murray, L. 2011. Cortisol Levels in Response to Starting School in Children at Increased Risk for Social Phobia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, , in press
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajaniemi, N., Suhonen, E., Kontu, E., Rantanen, P., Lindholm, H., Hyttinen, S., Hirvonen, A. 2011. Children's Cortisol Patterns and the Quality of the Early Learning Environment. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 19 (1): 45–62. doi: 10.1080/1350293X.2011.548938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sammons, P., Elliot, K., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B. 2004. The Impact of Preschool on Young Children's Cognitive Attainments at Entry to Reception. British Educational Research Journal 30 (5): 691–712. doi: 10.1080/0141192042000234656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, M. M., Ladd, C. O., Plotsky, P. M. 2001. Early Adverse Experience as a Developmental Risk Factor for Later Psychopathology: Evidence from Rodent and Primate Models. Developmental Psychopathology 13: 419–450. doi: 10.1017/S0954579401003029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schore, A. N. 2001. Effects of a Secure Attachment Relationship on Right Brain Development, Affect Regulation, and Infant Mental Health. Infant Mental Health Journal 22 (1–2): 7–66. doi: 10.1002/1097-0355(200101/04)22:1<7::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-N
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims, M., Guilfoyle, A., Parry, T. S. 2006. Children's Cortisol Levels and Quality of Child Care Provision. Child Care, Health and Development 32 (4): 453–466. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00632.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strain, P. S., Joseph, G. E. 2004. Engaged Supervision to Support Recommended Practices for Young Children with Challenging Behavior. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 24 (1;1): 39–50. doi: 10.1177/02711214040240010401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talge, N., Donzella, B., Gunnar, M. R. 2008. Fearful Temperament and Stress Reactivity Among Pre-School-Aged Children. Infant and Child Development 17 (4): 427–445. doi: 10.1002/icd.585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorn, L., Evans, P., Cannon, A., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A. 2011. Seasonal Differences in the Diurnal Pattern of Cortisol Secretion in Healthy Participants and Those with Self-Assessed Seasonal Affective Disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36: 816–823. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tout, K., de Haan, M., Kipp Campbell, E., Gunnar, M. R. 1998. Social Behavior Correlates of Cortisol Activity in Child Care: Gender Differences and Time-of-Day Effects. Child Development 69 (5): 1247–1262. doi: 10.2307/1132263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevarthen, C 2009. The Intersubjective Psychobiology of Human Meaning: Learning of Culture Depends on Interest for Co-Operative Practical Work— and Affection for the Joyful Art of Good Company. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 19: 507–518. doi: 10.1080/10481880903231894
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner-Cobb, J. M., Rixon, L., Jessop, D. S. 2008. A Prospective Study of Diurnal Cortisol Responses to the Social Experience of School Transition in Four-Year-Old Children: Anticipation, Exposure, and Adaptation. Developmental Psychology 50 (4): 377–389. doi: 10.1002/dev.20298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeer, H. J., Groenveld, M. G., Larrea, I., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Barandiaran, A., Linting, M. 2010. Child Care Quality and Children's Cortisol in Basque Country and the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 31: 339–347. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2010.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeer, H. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H. 2006. Children's Elevated Cortisol Levels at Day-Care: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 21 (3): 390–401. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watamura, S., Donzella, B., Alwin, J., Gunnar, M. 2003. Morning-to-Afternoon Increases in Cortisol Concentrations for Infants and Toddlers at Child care: Age Differences and Behavioral Correlates. Child Development 74 (4): 1006–1020. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watamura, S. E., Donzella, B., Kertes, D. A., Gunnar, M. R. 2004. Developmental Changes in Baseline Cortisol Activity in Early Childhood: Relations with Napping and Effortful Control. Developmental Psychobiology 45 (3): 125–133. doi: 10.1002/dev.20026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watamura, S. E., Kryzer, E. M., Robertson, S. S. 2009. Cortisol Patterns at Home and Child Care: Afternoon Differences and Evening Recovery in Children Attending Very High Quality Full-Day Center-Based Child Care. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30 (4): 475–485. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watamura, S. E., Sebanc, A. M., Gunnar, M. R. 2002. Rising Cortisol at Childcare: Relations with Nap, Rest, and Temperament. Developmental Psychobiology 40: 33–42. doi: 10.1002/dev.10011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yehuda, R 2002. Current Status of Cortisol Findings in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 25: 341–368. doi: 10.1016/S0193-953X(02)00002-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar