Co-existing weak language skills and weak social skills in 33-month-old Norwegian children referred to the School Psychology Service for language difficulties or social difficulties

References

• Abrahamsen, G. 2015. Tilknytningsbaserte barnehager. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Aro, T., K. Eklund, J. E. Nurmi, and A.-M. Poikkeus. 2012. “Early Language and Behavioral Regulation Skill as Predictors of Social Outcomes.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 55: 395–408. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0245)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagnato, S. J. 2007. Authentic Assessment for Early Childhood Intervention: Best Practices. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, L., and D. P. Cantwell. 1982. “Developmental, Social and Behavioral Characteristics of Speech and Language Disordered Children.” Child Psychiatry and Human Development 12: 195–206. doi: 10.1007/BF01812585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beitchman, H. J., B. Wilson, E. B. Brownlie, H. Walters, A. Inglis, and W. Lancee. 1996. “Long-term Consistency in Speech/Language Profiles: II. Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Outcomes.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35: 815–825. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199606000-00022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner, J. G., J. R. Nelson, and M. H. Epstein. 2002. “Language Skills of Children with EDB: A Literature Review.” Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 10: 43–56. doi: 10.1177/106342660201000105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, D. V. M. 2014. Uncommom Understanding. Development and Disorders of Language Comprehension in Children. Classic Edition. London: Psychologycal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop, D. V. M., and M. J. Snowling. 2004. “Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or Different?” Psychological Bulletin 130 (6): 858–886. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleses, D., G. Makransky, P. S. Dale, A. Højen, and B. A. Ari. 2016. “Early Productive Vocabulary Predicts Academic Achievement 10 Years Later.” Applied Psycholingvistics, 1–16. doi:10.1017/SO142716416000060.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, L. 1993. Language Development from Two to Three. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Botting, N., and G. Conti-Ramsden. 2000. “Social and Behavioural Difficulties in Children with Language Impairment.” Child Language Teaching and Therapy 16 (2): 105–120. doi: 10.1177/026565900001600201
   Google Scholar
• Bretherton, L., and V. M. Holmes. 2003. “The Relationship Between Auditory Temporal Processing, Phonemic Awareness and Reading Disability.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 84: 218–243. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0965(03)00023-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bretherton, L., M. Prior, E. Bavin, E. Cini, P. Eadie, and S. Reilly. 2014. “Developing Relationships Between Language and Behavior in Preschool Children from Early Language in Victoria Study: Implication for Intervention.” Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 19 (1): 7–27. doi: 10.1080/13632752.2013.854956
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. B. 1995. “Behavior Problems in Preschool Children: A Review of Recent Research.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36 (1): 113–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01657.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell, D. P., and L. Baker. 1987. “Prevalence and Type of Psychiatric Disorder and Developmental Disorders in Three Speech and Language Groups.” Journal of Communication Disorders 20 (2): 151–160. doi:10.1016/0021-9924(87)90006-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell, D. P., and L. Baker. 1991. Psychiatric and Developmental Disorders in Children with Communication Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clegg, J., C. Hollis, L. Mawhood, and M. Rutter. 2005. “Developmental Language Disorders—A Follow-up in Later Adult Life. Cognitive, Language and Psychosocial Outcomes.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46: 128–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conti-Ramsden, G., and N. Botting. 2004. “Social Difficulties and Victimization in Children with SLI at 11 Years of Age.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47 (1): 145–161. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2004/013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahle, A. E., A.-M. Knivsberg, and A. B. Andreassen. 2011. “Co-existing Problem Behaviour in Severe Dyslexia.” Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 11: 162–170. doi:10.1111/j.1471-3802.2010.01190.x.
   Google Scholar
• Dale, P. S., T. S. Price, D. V. M. Bishop, and R. Plomin. 2003. “Outcomes of Early Language Delay: Predicting Persistent and Transient Language Difficulties at 3 and 4 Years.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46: 544–560. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/044)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmarais, C., A. Sylvestre, F. Meyer, I. Bairati, and N. Rouleau. 2008. “Systematic Review of the Literature on Characteristics of Late-Talking Toddlers.” International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 43 (4): 361–389. doi:10.1080/13682820701546854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durkin, K., and G. Conti-Ramsden. 2010. “Young People with Specific Language Impairment: A Review of Social and Emotional Functioning in Adolescence.” Child Language Teaching and Therapy 26 (2): 105–121. doi: 10.1177/0265659010368750
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espenakk, U., J. Frost, M. K. Færevaag, H. Grove, E. Horn, I. K. Løge, R. G. Solheim, and ÅKH Wagner. 2003. TRAS-håndbok [TRAS Instruction Book]. Bergen: TRAS-gruppen.
   Google Scholar
• Giske, R., I. B. Ugelstad, A. T. Meland, E. Kaltvedt, S. Eikeland, F. E. Tønnessen, and E. L. Reikerås. in press. “Toddlers’ Social Competence, Play, Movement Skills and Well-being: An Analysis of their Relationship Based on Authentic Assessment in Kindergarten.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami, U. 2008. Cognitive Development: The Learning Brain. Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnerud, H. L., E. L. Reikerås, and A. E. Dahle. in press. “The Influence of Home Language on Dual Language Toddlers’ Comprehension in Norwegian.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haapsamo, H., S. Kuusikko-Gauffin, A. S. Carter, R. Pollock-Wurman, H. Ebeling, L. Joskitt, K. Larinen, H. Soini, P. Pihlaja, and I. Moilanen. 2012. “A Pilot Longitudinal Follow –Up Study of Brief Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) in Northern Finland: Examining Toddler’s Social-Emotional, Behavioural and Communicative Development.” Early Child Development and Care 182 (11): 1487–1502. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2011.622756
   Google Scholar
• Hart, K. I., M. Fujiki, B. Brinton, and C. H. Hart. 2004. “The Relationship Between Social Behavior and Severity of Language Impairment.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47: 647–662. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/050)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartas, D. 2011. “Children’s Language and Behavioural, Social and Emotional Difficulties and Prosocial Behaviour During the Yoddler Years and at School Entry.” British Journal of Special Education 38 (2): 83–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8578.2011.00507.x
   Google Scholar
• Haug, P. 2014. “The Practices of Dealing with Children with Special Needs in School: A Norwegian Perspective.” Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 19: 296–310. doi:10.1080/13632752.2014.883788.
   Google Scholar
• Hawa, V. V., and G. Spanoudis. 2014. “Toddlers with Delayed Expressive Language: An Overview of the Characteristics, Risk Factors and Language Outcomes.” Research in Developmental Disabilities 35: 400–407. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helland, T. 2012. Språk og dysleksi. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Helland, T., LØ Jones, and W. Helland. 2017. “Detecting Preschool Language Impairment and Risk of Developmental Dyslexia.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 31 (2): 295–311. doi:10.1080/02568543.2016.1274928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helvig, A., and I. K. Løge. 2006. Presiseringer av spørsmålene i TRAS. Stavanger: Lesesenteret, Universitetet i Stavanger.
   Google Scholar
• Henrichs, J., L. Rescorla, C. Donkersloot, J. J. Schenk, H. Raat, V. W. V. Jaddoe, A. Hofman, F. C. Verhulst, and H. Tiemeier. 2013. “Early Vocabulary Delay and Behavioral/Emotional Problems in Early Childhood: The Generation R Study.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56: 553. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0169).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz, S. M., J. R. Irwin, M. J. Briggs-Gowan, J. M. Bosson Heenan, J. Mendoza, and A. S. Carter. 2003. “Language Delay in a Community Cohort of Young Children.” Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42: 932–940. doi: 10.1097/01.CHI.0000046889.27264.5E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin, J. R., A. S. Carter, and M. J. Briggs-Gowan. 2002. “The Social-Emotional Development of ‘Late-Talking’ Toddlers.” Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41 (11): 1324–1332. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200211000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsen, ÅA. 2008. Foreldre til elevar som strevar si oppleving av samarbeidet mellom heim og skule. (Master Thesis), Høgskulen i Volda.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl, P. K., F.-M. Tsao, and H.-M. Liu. 2003. “Foreign-Language Experience in Infancy: Effects of Short-Term Exposure and Social Interaction on Phonetic Learning.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100: 9096–9101. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1532872100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, R. G., D.-H. Kim, and D. C. Burts. 2014. “Using Teacher Ratings to Track the Growth and Development of Young Children Using the Teaching Strategies GOLD ® Assessment System.” Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 32 (1): 27–39. doi:10.1177/0734282913485214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Løge, I. K. 2015. Statistisk analyse av observasjonspunktene i ALLE MED. https://www.infovestforlag.no/media/files/258/Statistisk_analyse_ALLE_MED.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Løge, I. K., K. Leidland, M. Mellegaard, A. H. Olsen, T. Waldeland, and R. Myklebust. 2006. Alle med: veiledningshefte. [Klepp st.]: Info vest.
   Google Scholar
• Longoria, A. O., M. C. Page, L. Hubbs-Tait, and S. M. Kennison. 2009. “Relationship Between Kindergarten Children’s Language Ability and Social Competence.” Early Child Development and Care 179 (7): 919–929. doi: 10.1080/03004430701590241
   Google Scholar
• Love, A. J., and M. G. G. Thompson. 1988. “Language Disorders and Attention Deficit Disorders in Young Children Referred for Psychiatric Services: Analysis for Prevalence and a Conceptual Synthesis.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 58: 52–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1988.tb01566.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie, L., and J. Law. 2010. “Pragmatic Language and the Child with Emotional/Behavioural Difficulties (EBD): A Pilot Study Exploring the Interaction Between Behaviour and Communication Disability.” International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 45 (4): 397–410. doi: 10.3109/13682820903105137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher, S. M., D. H. Arnold, G. L. Doctoroff, J. Dobbs, and P. H. Fisher. 2009. “Social-Emotional Problems in Early Childhood and the Development of Depressive Symptoms in School-Age Children.” Early Education and Development 20 (1): 1–24. doi: 10.1080/10409280801947114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meland, A. T., E. Kaltvedt, and E. L. Reikerås. 2015. “Toddlers Master Everyday Activities in Kindergarten: A Gender Perspective.” Early Childhood Education Journal.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellegaard, M., T. Waldeland, K. Leidland, and A. H. S. Olsen. 2006. Presisering av utsagnene i ALLE MED. Stavanger: Lesesenteret, Universitetet i Stavanger.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2006/2007. Report No. 16 to the Storting—Early Intervention for Lifelong Learning. Oslo: Regjeringen.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2008/2009. Kvalitet i barnehagen [Quality in Kindergarten] St.meld. nr. 41. Oslo: Ministry of Education and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2010. Med forskertrang og lekelyst—Systematisk pedagogisk tilbud til alle førskolebarn [With interest in research and playfulness—Systematic Educational Offer to all Preschool Children].
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2010/2011. Vurdering av verktøy som brukes til å kartlegge barns språk i norske barnehager. Rapport fra Ekspertutvalg nedsatt av Kunnskapsdepartementet.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2011. Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver [Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens]. Oslo: Ministry of Education and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2013. Framtidens barnehage [Early Childhood for Tomorrow]. Oslo: Regjeringen.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2015–2016. Meld. St. 19. Tid for lek og læring — Bedre innhold i barnehagen.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2017a. Meld. St. 21, (2016–2017) Lærelyst – tidlig innsats og kvalitet i skolen.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Research. 2017b. Rammeplan for barnehagen. Innhold og oppgaver. Oslo: Ministry of Education and Research.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2015. Early Childhood Education and Care Policy Review. Norway: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Plomin, R., T. S. Price, T. C. Eley, P. S. Dale, and J. Stevenson. 2002. “Associations Between Behavior Problems and Verbal and Non-verbal Cognitive Abilities and Disabilities in Early Childhood.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43: 619–633. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulou, M. S. 2015. “Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Preschool.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 24: 225–236. doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9828-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redmond, S. M., and M. L. Rice. 1998. “The Socioemotional Behaviours of Children with SLI: Social Adaption or Social Deviance?” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41: 688–700. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4103.688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reikerås, E. K. L., I. K. Løge, and A.-M. Knivsberg. 2012. “The Mathematical Competencies of Toddlers Expressed in their Play and Daily Life Activities in Norwegian Kindergartens.” International Journal of Early Childhood 44 (1): 91–114. doi:10.1007/s13158-011-0050-x.
   Google Scholar
• Rescorla, L., and T. M. Achenbach. 2002. “Use of the Language Development Survey (LDS) in a National Probability Sample of Children 18 to 35 Months Old.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45: 733–743. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/059)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rescorla, L., T. Achenbach, M. Y. Ivanova, L. Dumenci, F. Almqvist, N. Bilenberg, F. Verhulst, et al. 2007. “Behavioral and Emotional Problems Reported by Parents of Children Ages 6 to 16 in 31 Societies.” Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 15 (3): 130–142. doi:10.1177/10634266070150030101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rescorla, L., and A. Alley. 2001. “Validation of the Language Development Survey (LDS): A Parent Report Tool for Identifying Language Delay in Toddlers.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44: 434–445. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/035)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rescorla, L., G. Ross, and S. McClure. 2007. “Language Delay and Behavioral/Emotional Problems in Toddlers: Findings From Two Developmental Clinics.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 50 (4): 1063–1078. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/074)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, M. L., C. L. Taylor, and S. R. Zubrick. 2008. “Language Outcomes of 7-Year-Old Children With or Without a History of Late Language Emergence at 24 Months.” Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 51: 394–407. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/029).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M., and L. Mawhood. 1991. “The Long Term Squelae of Specific Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language.” In Biological Risk Factors in Child and Psychopathology, edited by M. Rutter, and P. Casaer, 233–258. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sim, F., J. O’Dowd, L. Thompson, J. Law, S. Macmillan, M. Affleck, C. Gillberg, and P. Wilson. 2013. “Language and Social/Emotional Problems Identified at a Universal Developmental Assessment at 30 Months.” BMC Pediatrics 13 (1): 206. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stangeland, E. B. 2017. “The Impact of Language Skills and Social Competence on Play Behaviour in Toddlers.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 25 (1): 106–121. doi:10.1080/1350293X.2016.1266224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangeland, E. B., K. Lundetræ, and E. L. Reikerås. in press. “Gender Differences in Toddlers Language: Language Skills and Participation in Literacy Activities Observed in Kindergarten.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. 2017. Barnehager, 2016, endelige tall [Kindergartens, 2016, final figures]. Accessed 12 September 2017. https://www.ssb.no/utdanning/statistikker/barnehager/aar-endelige.
   Google Scholar
• St Clair, M. C., A. Pickles, K. Durkin, and G. Conti-Ramsden. 2011. “A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral, Emotional and Social Difficulties in Individuals with a History of Specific Language Impairment (SLI).” Journal of Communication Disorders 44: 186–199. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, S. F., P. J. Yoder, and S. V. Leeww. 2002. “Promoting Social Communicative Development in Infants and Toddlers.” In Promoting Social Communication. Children with Disabilities from Birth to Adolescence, edited by H. Goldstein, L. A. Kaczmarek, and K. M. English, 121–149. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, A. J. O., M. Robinson, and S. R. Zubrick. 2011. “Late Talking and the Risk for Psychosocial Problems During Childhood and Adolescence.” Pediatrics 128: e324–e332. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yew, S. G. K., and R. O’Kearney. 2013. “Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes Later in Childhood and Adolescence for Children with Specific Language Impairments: Meta-Analyses of Controlled Prospective Studies.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54 (5): 516–524. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar