Advanced search
Publication Cover
Environmental Education Research Volume 28, 2022 - Issue 10
Submit an article Journal homepage
752
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

What is community-level environmental literacy, and how can we measure it? A report of a convening to conceptualize and operationalize CLEL

Lauren M. Gibsona Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-0329View further author information
ORCID Icon,
K. C. Buschb Department of STEM Education, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-5401View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Kathryn T. Stevensona Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-5861View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Bethany B. Cuttsa Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-526XView further author information
ORCID Icon,
Elizabeth A. DeMattiac Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;d Community Science Initiative, Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC, USAView further author information
,
Olivia M. Aguilare Department of Environmental Studies, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA;f Miller Worley Center for the Environment, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USAView further author information
,
Nicole M. Ardoing Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;h Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-8211View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Sarah J. Carrieri Department of Teacher Education and Learning Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-812XView further author information
ORCID Icon,
Charlotte R. Clarkc Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-9242View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Caren B. Cooperj Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-8892View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Noah Weeth Feinsteink Department of Community & Environmental Sociology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA;l Department of Curriculum & Instruction, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-7761View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Jean Goodwinm Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-5864View further author information
ORCID Icon,
M. Nils Petersonj Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-1206View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Mele Wheatong Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-8577View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1423-1451 | Received 13 Jan 2022, Accepted 11 Apr 2022, Published online: 04 May 2022

References

  • Adger, W. N. 2009. “Social Capital, Collective Action, and Adaptation to Climate Change.” Economic Geography 79 (4): 387–404. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2003.tb00220.x.
  • Aguilar, O. M. 2009. “Examining the Community of Practice Framework in Environmental and Science Learning Contexts with Hispanic Youth.” Dissertation, Cornell University. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/13962/Aguilar,%20Olivia.pdf;jsessionid=3EF075AE5CBD0D78811F21AB04EB3ACE?sequence=1
  • Aguilar, O. M. 2018a. “Toward a Theoretical Framework for Community EE.” The Journal of Environmental Education 49 (3): 207–227. doi:10.1080/00958964.2017.1397593.
  • Aguilar, O. M. 2018b. “Examining the Literature to Reveal the Nature of Community EE/ESD Programs and Research.” Environmental Education Research 24 (1): 26–49. doi:10.1080/13504622.2016.1244658.
  • Aguilar, O. M., and M. E. Krasny. 2011. “Using the Communities of Practice Framework to Examine an after-School Environmental Education Program for Hispanic Youth.” Environmental Education Research 17 (2): 217–233. doi:10.1080/13504622.2010.531248.
  • Ardoin, N. M., C. Clark, and E. Kelsey. 2013. “An Exploration of Future Trends in Environmental Education Research.” Environmental Education Research 19 (4): 499–520. doi:10.1080/13504622.2012.709823.
  • Ardoin, N. M., C. R. Clark, and D. J. Wojcik. 2016. “Looking toward the Blue Sky: Environmental Education Researchers’ Experience, Influences, and Aspirations.” Applied Environmental Education & Communication 15 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1080/1533015X.2016.1141725.
  • Asen, R. 2016. “Communication is the Public.” Communication and the Public 1 (1): 4–8. doi:10.1177/2057047315617765.
  • Averill, J. B. 2006. “Getting Started: Initiating C ritical Ethnography and Community-Based Action Research in a Program of Rural Health Studies.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5 (2): 17–27. doi:10.1177/160940690600500206.
  • Avi-Yonah, R. S., and D. M. Uhlmann. 2009. “Combating Global Climate Change: Why a Carbon Tax is a Better Response to Global Warming than Cap and Trade.” Stanford Environmental Law Journal 28 (1): 3–50.
  • Bacon, C., S. deVuono-Powell, M. L. Frampton, T. LoPresti, and C. Pannu. 2013. “Introduction to Empowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research for Environmental Justice.” Environmental Justice 6 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1089/env.2012.0019.
  • Balazs, C. L., and R. Morello-Frosch. 2013. “The Three R’s: How Community Based Participatory Research Strengthens the Rigor, Relevance and Reach of Science.” Environmental Justice 6 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1089/env.2012.0017.
  • Bamberg, S., and G. Möser. 2007. “Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-Analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27 (1): 14–25. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002.
  • Bandura, A. 2000. “Exercise of Human Agency through Collective Efficacy.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (3): 75–78. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00064.
  • Bennett, N. J., R. Roth, S. C. Klain, K. Chan, P. Christie, D. A. Clark, G. Cullman, et al. 2017. “Conservation Social Science: Understanding and Integrating Human Dimensions to Improve Conservation.” Biological Conservation 205: 93–108. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.006.
  • Bennett, N. J., T. S. Whitty, E. Finkbeiner, J. Pittman, H. Bassett, S. Gelcich, and E. H. Allison. 2018. “Environmental Stewardship: A Conceptual Review and Analytical Framework.” Environmental Management 61 (4): 597–614. doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0993-2.
  • Biggar, M., N. M. Ardoin, and J. Morris. 2017. “Collective Impact on the Ground.” Stanford Social Innovation Review. doi:10.48558/9QDS-R876.
  • Borgatti, S. P., D. J. Brass, and D. S. Halgin. 2014. “Social Network Research: Confusions, Criticisms, and Controversies.” In Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks, edited by D. J. Brass, G. Labianca, A. Mehra, D. S. Halgin, and S. P. Borgatti, Vol. 40, 1–29. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S0733-558X(2014)0000040001.
  • Borgatti, S. P., M. G. Everett, and J. C. Johnson. 2018. Analyzing Social Networks. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/analyzing-social-networks/book255068.
  • Borgatti, S. P., A. Mehra, D. J. Brass, and G. Labianca. 2009. “Network Analysis in the Social Sciences.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 (5916): 892–895. doi:10.1126/science.1165821.
  • Brulle, R. J. 2010. “From Environmental Campaigns to Advancing the Public Dialog: Environmental Communication for Civic Engagement.” Environmental Communication 4 (1): 82–98. doi:10.1080/17524030903522397.
  • Callister, D. C. 2016. “Process Literacy: Theory and Practice for Multi-Cultural Community-Based Deliberative Democracy.” In Environmental Communication and Community, edited by T. R. Peterson, H. L. Bergeå, A. M. Feldpausch-Parker, & K. Raitio, 1st ed., 33–54. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315691176-3.
  • Carolan, B. 2014. Social Network Analysis and Education: Theory, Methods & Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781452270104.
  • Carter, R. W. (B.), and H. Ross. 2016. “Wildlife, Habitat and the City.” Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 23 (3): 223–226. doi:10.1080/14486563.2016.1221578.
  • Centola, D. 2018. “How Behavior Spreads: The Science of Complex Contagions.” In How Behavior Spreads. Vol. 3. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. doi:10.23943/9781400890095.
  • Chawla, L., and D. F. Cushing. 2007. “Education for Strategic Environmental Behavior.” Environmental Education Research 13 (4): 437–452. doi:10.1080/13504620701581539.
  • Clark, C. R. 2016. “Collective Action Competence: An Asset to Campus Sustainability.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 17 (4): 559–578. doi:10.1108/IJSHE-04-2015-0073.
  • Clark, C. R., J. E. Heimlich, N. M. Ardoin, and J. Braus. 2020. “Using a Delphi Study to Clarify the Landscape and Core Outcomes in Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 26 (3): 381–399. doi:10.1080/13504622.2020.1727859.
  • Cooper, C. B. 2016. Citizen Science: How Ordinary People Are Changing the Face of Discovery. New York: The Overlook Press.
  • Cooper, C. B., C. L. Hawn, L. R. Larson, J. K. Parrish, G. Bowser, D. Cavalier, R. R. Dunn, et al. 2021. “Inclusion in Citizen Science: The Conundrum of Rebranding.” Science 372 (6549): 1386–1388. doi:10.1126/science.abi6487.
  • Culen, G. R., and P. R. S. Mony. 2003. “Assessing Environmental Literacy in a Nonformal Youth Program.” The Journal of Environmental Education 34 (4): 26–28. doi:10.1080/00958960309603484.
  • Cutts, B., C. Saltz, and M. Elser. 2008. “Insights into the Interactions between Educational Messages: Looking across Multiple Organizations Addressing Water Issues in Maricopa County, Arizona.” Applied Environmental Education & Communication 7 (1-2): 40–50. doi:10.1080/15330150802194904.
  • Cutts, B. B. 2013. “Evaluating Collective Effects: A Participatory Approach to Mapping Public Information about Water Issues in an Uncertain and Politicized Context.” In Geospatial Tools for Urban Water Resources, edited by P. L. Lawrence, Vol. 7, 37–60. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4734-0_3.
  • Daniels, S, and G. Walker. 2001. Working Through Environmental Conflict: The Collaborative Learning Approach. Praeger. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/unf_research/45
  • DeBoer, G. E. 2000. “Scientific Literacy: Another Look at Its Historical and Contemporary Meanings and Its Relationship to Science Education Reform.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 37 (6): 582–601. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2736(200008)37:6<582::AID-TEA5>3.0.CO;2-L.
  • Delgado, A. 2013. “DIYbio: Making Things and Making Futures.” Futures 48: 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2013.02.004.
  • Dickinson, J. L., J. Shirk, D. Bonter, R. Bonney, R. L. Crain, J. Martin, T. Phillips, and K. Purcell. 2012. “The Current State of Citizen Science as a Tool for Ecological Research and Public Engagement.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 291–297. doi:10.1890/110236.
  • Edwards, B, and J. D. McCarthy. 2004. “Resources and Social Movement Mobilization.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi, 116–152. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9780470999103.ch6.
  • Ehrlich, P. R., and R. M. Pringle. 2008. “Where Does Biodiversity Go from Here? A Grim Business-as-Usual Forecast and a Hopeful Portfolio of Partial Solutions.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (supplement_1): 11579–11586. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801911105.
  • Farrow, K., G. Grolleau, and L. Ibanez. 2017. “Social Norms and Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Review of the Evidence.” Ecological Economics 140: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.017.
  • Fauth, J. E., J. Bernardo, M. Camara, W. J. Resetarits, J. Van Buskirk, and S. A. McCollum. 1996. “Simplifying the Jargon of Community Ecology: A Conceptual Approach.” The American Naturalist 147 (2): 282–286. doi:10.1086/285850.
  • Ferris, T. 2003. Seeing in the Dark: How Amateur Astronomers Are Discovering the Wonders of the Universe. Simon & Schuster. https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Seeing-in-the-Dark/Timothy-Ferris/9780684865805
  • Finnemore, M., and K. Sikkink. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 (4): 887–917. doi:10.1162/002081898550789.
  • Fowlkes, M. R., and P. Y. Miller. 1987. “Chemicals and Community at Love Canal.” In The Social and Cultural Construction of Risk: Essays on Risk Selection and Perception, edited by B. B. Johnson and V. T. Covello, 55–78. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3395-8_3.
  • Garcia, N. M., N. López, and V. N. Vélez. 2018. “QuantCrit: Rectifying Quantitative Methods through Critical Race Theory.” Race Ethnicity and Education 21 (2): 149–157. doi:10.1080/13613324.2017.1377675.
  • Gough, A. 2017. “The Emergence of Environmental Education Research: A “History” of the Field.” In International Handbook of Research on Environmental Education, edited by R. B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, and A. E. J. Wals, 1st ed., 13–22. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813331.
  • Gregory, R. L. Failing, M. Harstone, G. Long, T. McDaniels, and D. Ohlson. 2012. Structured Decision Making: A Practical Guide to Environmental Management Choices. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781444398557.
  • Hacker, K. 2013. Community-Based Participatory Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/community-based-participatory-research/book237295.
  • Heaney, C. D., S. M. Wilson, and O. R. Wilson. 2007. “The West End Revitalization Association’s Community-Owned and -Managed Research Model: Development, Implementation, and Action.” Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 1 (4): 339–349. doi:10.1353/cpr.2007.0037.
  • Hill, R. J. 2012. “Civic Engagement and Environmental Literacy.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2012 (135): 41–50. doi:10.1002/ace.20025.
  • Hollweg, K. S. J. R. Taylor, R. W. Bybee, T. J. Marcinkowski, W. C. McBeth, and P. Zoido. 2011. Developing a Framework for Assessing Environmental Literacy. North American Association for Environmental Education. https://cdn.naaee.org/sites/default/files/devframewkassessenvlitonlineed.pdf
  • Hornik, K., B. Cutts, and A. Greenlee. 2016. “Community Theories of Change: Linking Environmental Justice to Sustainability through Stakeholder Perceptions in Milwaukee (WI, USA).” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13 (10): 979. doi:10.3390/ijerph13100979.
  • Howell, E. L., and D. Brossard. 2021. “(Mis)Informed about What? What It Means to Be a Science-Literate Citizen in a Digital World.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (15): 1–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.1912436117.
  • Hurd, P. D. 1958. “Science Literacy: Its Meaning for American Schools.” Educational Leadership 16 (1): 13–16.
  • Innes, J. E. 2004. “Consensus Building: Clarifications for the Critics.” Planning Theory 3 (1): 5–20. doi:10.1177/1473095204042315.
  • Israel, B. A., E. Eng, A. J. Schulz, and E. A. Parker, eds. 2012. Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Methods±for±Community±Based±Participatory±Research±for±Health%2C±2nd±Edition-p-9781118021866.
  • Johnson, M. F., C. Hannah, L. Acton, R. Popovici, K. K. Karanth, and E. Weinthal. 2014. “Network Environmentalism: Citizen Scientists as Agents for Environmental Advocacy.” Global Environmental Change 29: 235–245. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.10.006.
  • Jordan, R. C., H. L. Ballard, and T. B. Phillips. 2012. “Key Issues and New Approaches for Evaluating Citizen-Science Learning Outcomes.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (6): 307–309. doi:10.1890/110280.
  • Jorgenson, S. N., J. C. Stephens, and B. White. 2019. “Environmental Education in Transition: A Critical Review of Recent Research on Climate Change and Energy Education.” The Journal of Environmental Education 50 (3): 160–171. doi:10.1080/00958964.2019.1604478.
  • Jurjonas, M., and E. Seekamp. 2018. “Rural Coastal Community Resilience: Assessing a Framework in Eastern North Carolina.” Ocean & Coastal Management 162: 137–150. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.10.010.
  • Jurjonas, M., E. Seekamp, L. Rivers, and B. Cutts. 2020. “Uncovering Climate (in)Justice with an Adaptive Capacity Assessment: A Multiple Case Study in Rural Coastal North Carolina.” Land Use Policy 94: 104547. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104547.
  • Kaufman, L, and P. J. Rousseeuw. 2009. Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. John Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9780470316801
  • KC, B., D. B. Morais, M. N. Peterson, E. Seekamp, and J. W. Smith. 2019. “Social Network Analysis of Wildlife Tourism Microentrepreneurial Network.” Tourism and Hospitality Research 19 (2): 158–169. doi:10.1177/1467358417715679.
  • Kinsella, W. J., and J. Mullen. 2007. “Becoming Hanford Downwinders: Producing Community and Challenging Discursive Containment.” In Nuclear Legacies: Communication, Controversy, and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex, edited by B. C. Taylor, S. P. Depoe, W. J. Kinsella, and M. S. Metzler, 73–107. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739119044/Nuclear-Legacies-Communication-Controversy-and-the-U.S.-Nuclear-Weapons-Complex.
  • Krasny, M. E. 2020. Advancing Environmental Education Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501747090/advancing-environmental-education-practice/.
  • Krasny, M. E., L. Kalbacker, R. C. Stedman, and A. Russ. 2015. “Measuring Social Capital among Youth: Applications in Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 21 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.843647.
  • Laugksch, R. C. 2000. “Scientific Literacy: A Conceptual Overview.” Science Education 84 (1): 71–94. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(200001)84:1 ≤ 71::AID-SCE6 ≥ 3.0.CO;2-C.
  • Lave, J, and E. Wenger. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, 138. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511815355.
  • Leiserowitz, A. E. Maibach, S. Rosenthal, J. Kotcher, P. Bergquist, M. Ballew, M. Goldberg, A. Gustafson, and X. Wang. 2020. Climate Change in the American Mind: April 2020. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Yale University and George Mason University. https://live-yccc.pantheonsite.io/publications/climate-change-in-the-american-mind-april-2020/
  • Lindenfeld, L. A., D. M. Hall, B. McGreavy, L. Silka, and D. Hart. 2012. “Creating a Place for Environmental Communication Research in Sustainability Science.” Environmental Communication 6 (1): 23–43. doi:10.1080/17524032.2011.640702.
  • Liu, J., T. Dietz, S. R. Carpenter, M. Alberti, C. Folke, E. Moran, A. N. Pell, et al. 2007. “Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317 (5844): 1513–1516. doi:10.1126/science.1144004.
  • London, J. K., B. B. Cutts, K. Schwarz, L. Schmidt, and M. L. Cadenasso. 2021. “Unearthing the Entangled Roots of Urban Agriculture.” Agriculture and Human Values 38 (1): 205–220. doi:10.1007/s10460-020-10158-x.
  • London, J. K., K. Schwarz, M. L. Cadenasso, B. B. Cutts, C. Mason, J. Lim, K. Valenzuela-Garcia, and H. Smith. 2018. “Weaving Community-University Research and Action Partnerships for Environmental Justice.” Action Research 16 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1177/1476750316678915.
  • Lubell, M. N., B. B. Cutts, L. M. Roche, M. Hamilton, J. D. Derner, E. Kachergis, and K. W. Tate. 2013. “Conservation Program Participation and Adaptive Rangeland Decision-Making.” Rangeland Ecology & Management 66 (6): 609–620. doi:10.2111/REM-D-13-00025.1.
  • Lucas, T., R. Henze, and R. Donato. 1990. “Promoting the Success of Latino Language-Minority Students: An Exploratory Study of Six High Schools.” Harvard Educational Review 60 (3): 315–341. doi:10.17763/haer.60.3.0160105tt9kgkq51.
  • Maiter, S., L. Simich, N. Jacobson, and J. Wise. 2008. “Reciprocity: An Ethic for Community-Based Participatory Action Research.” Action Research 6 (3): 305–325. doi:10.1177/1476750307083720.
  • McAdam, D, and H. Boudet. 2012. Putting Social Movements in Their Place: Explaining Opposition to Energy Projects in the United States, 2000–2005. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139105811.
  • McCurdy, R.C. 1958. “Towards a population literate in science.” The Science Teacher 25: 366–368.
  • Metag, J., and M. S. Schäfer. 2018. “Audience Segments in Environmental and Science Communication: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives.” Environmental Communication 12 (8): 995–1004. doi:10.1080/17524032.2018.1521542.
  • Miller, K. H., R. McIntyre, and G. McKenna. 2018. “Collaborative Design of Open Educational Practices: An Assets Based Approach.” Open Praxis 10 (2): 191–199. doi:10.5944/openpraxis.10.2.833.
  • Mouffe, C. 2000. The Democratic Paradox, 144. Brooklyn, NY: Verso.
  • Muter, B. A., M. L. Gore, and S. J. Riley. 2013. “Social Contagion of Risk Perceptions in Environmental Management Networks.” Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 33 (8): 1489–1499. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01936.x.
  • NAAEE (North American Association for Environmental Education). 2017. Community Engagement: Guidelines for Excellence. North American Association for Environmental Education. https://naaee.org/eepro/resources/community-engagement-guidelines
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM National Academies). 2016. Science Literacy: Concepts, Contexts, and Consequences. The Press. doi:10.17226/23595.
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM National Academies). 2018. Learning through Citizen Science: Enhancing Opportunities by Design. The Press. doi:10.17226/25183.
  • Nichols, N. A. Griffith, and M. McLarnon. 2017. “Community-Based and Participatory Approaches in Institutional Ethnography.” In Perspectives on and from Institutional Ethnography, edited by J. Reid and L. Russell, Vol. 15, 107–124. Bradford, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S1042-319220170000015008.
  • Norris, S. P., and L. M. Phillips. 2003. “How Literacy in Its Fundamental Sense is Central to Scientific Literacy.” Science Education 87 (2): 224–240. doi:10.1002/sce.10066.
  • Olman, L., and D. DeVasto. 2020. “Hybrid Collectivity: Hacking Environmental Risk Visualization for the Anthropocene.” Communication Design Quarterly 8 (4): 15–28. doi:10.1145/3431932.3431934.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2017. PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving. Revised. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264281820-en.
  • Ostrom, E. 2015. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316423936.
  • Peterson, M. N. T. R. Peterson, and J. Liu. 2013. The Housing Bomb: Why Our Addiction to Houses is Destroying the Environment and Threatening Our Society. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/housing-bomb.
  • Pezzullo, P. C., and R. Cox. 2021. Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere. 6th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/environmental-communication-and-the-public-sphere/book270203.
  • Powell, R. B., M. J. Stern, B. T. Frensley, and D. Moore. 2019. “Identifying and Developing Crosscutting Environmental Education Outcomes for Adolescents in the Twenty-First Century (EE21).” Environmental Education Research 25 (9): 1281–1299. doi:10.1080/13504622.2019.1607259.
  • Roberts, D. A., and R. W. Bybee. 2014. “Scientific Literacy, Science Literacy, and Science Education.” In Handbook of Research on Science Education, edited by N. G. Lederman and S. K. Abell, Vol. 2. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203097267.
  • Roche, L. M., T. K. Schohr, J. D. Derner, M. N. Lubell, B. B. Cutts, E. Kachergis, V. T. Eviner, and K. W. Tate. 2015. “Sustaining Working Rangelands: Insights from Rancher Decision Making.” Rangeland Ecology & Management 68 (5): 383–389. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.006.
  • Rodriguez, S. L., and M. N. Peterson. 2020. “Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management.” In The Wildlife Techniques Manual—Management, edited by N. J. Silvy, Vol. 2, 39–58. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/wildlife-techniques-manual.
  • Roser-Renouf, C. E. Maibach, A. Leiserowitz, and S. Rosenthal. 2016. Global Warming’s Six Americas and the Election, 2016. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Yale University and George Mason University. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/six-americas-2016-election/
  • Roth, W.-M, and A. Calabrese Barton. 2004. Rethinking Scientific Literacy. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Rethinking-Scientific-Literacy/Roth-Barton/p/book/9780415948432.
  • Roth, W.-M., and S. Lee. 2002. “Scientific Literacy as Collective Praxis.” Public Understanding of Science 11 (1): 33–56. doi:10.1088/0963-6625/11/1/302.
  • Schlager, M. S. J. Fusco, and P. Schank. 2002. “Evolution of an Online Education Community of Practice.” In Building Virtual Communities: Learning and Change in Cyberspace, edited by K. A. Renninger and W. Shumar, 129–158. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511606373.010.
  • Schwarz, K., M. L. Cadenasso, J. K. London, and B. B. Cutts. 2019. “Fertile Ground for Collaboration: Investing in Community–University Partnerships with Soil Money.” The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 100 (1): e01479. doi:10.1002/bes2.1479.
  • Senecah, S. 2004. “The Trinity of Voice: The Role of Practical Theory in Planning and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Environmental Participatory Processes.” In Communication and Public Participation in Environmental Decision Making, edited by S. P. DePoe, J. W. Delicath, and M.-F. Aepli Elsenbeer, 13–33. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. https://www.sunypress.edu/p-3903-communication-and-public-partic.aspx.
  • Shen, B. S. P. 1975. “Science Literacy and the Public Understanding of Science.” In Communication of Scientific Information, edited by S. B. Day, 44–52. Basel, Switzerland: Karger Publishers. https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/398072.
  • Shilling, F. M., J. K. London, and R. S. Liévanos. 2009. “Marginalization by Collaboration: Environmental Justice as a Third Party in and beyond CALFED.” Environmental Science & Policy 12 (6): 694–709. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2009.03.003.
  • Spoel, P., and R. C. Den Hoed. 2014. “Places and People: Rhetorical Constructions of “Community” in a Canadian Environmental Risk Assessment.” Environmental Communication 8 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1080/17524032.2013.850108.
  • Stapleton, S. R. 2020. “Toward Critical Environmental Education: A Standpoint Analysis of Race in the American Environmental Context.” Environmental Education Research 26 (2): 155–170. doi:10.1080/13504622.2019.1648768.
  • Stroud, J. T., M. R. Bush, M. C. Ladd, R. J. Nowicki, A. A. Shantz, and J. Sweatman. 2015. “Is a Community Still a Community? Reviewing Definitions of Key Terms in Community Ecology.” Ecology and Evolution 5 (21): 4757–4765. doi:10.1002/ece3.1651.
  • Swantz, M. L. 2008. “Participatory Action Research as Practice.” In The SAGE Handbook of Action Research, edited by P. Reason and H. Bradbury, 2nd ed., 31–48. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. doi:10.4135/9781848607934.n8.
  • Theodori, G. L. 2005. “Community and Community Development in Resource-Based Areas: Operational Definitions Rooted in an Interactional Perspective.” Society & Natural Resources 18 (7): 661–669. doi:10.1080/08941920590959640.
  • Tidball, K. G., and M. E. Krasny. 2011. “Toward an Ecology of Environmental Education and Learning.” Ecosphere 2 (2): art21–17. doi:10.1890/ES10-00153.1.
  • Todd, A. M. 2016. “Deconstructing Public Space to Construct Community: Guerrilla Gardening as Place-Based Democracy.” In Environmental Communication and Community: Constructive and Destructive Dynamics of Social Transformation, edited by T. R. Peterson, H. L. Bergeå, A. M. Feldpausch-Parker, and K. Raitio, 169–183. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315691176-9.
  • Tuck, E. 2009. “Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities.” Harvard Educational Review 79 (3): 409–428. doi:10.17763/haer.79.3.n0016675661t3n15.
  • Twigger-Ross, C. K. Brooks, L. Papadopoulou, P. Orr, R. Sadauskis, A. Coke, N. Simcock, A. Stirling, and G. Walker. 2015. Community Resilience to Climate Change: An Evidence Review. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/community-resilience-climate-change
  • UNESCO. 1978. Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education Final Report. UNESCO. https://www.gdrc.org/uem/ee/Tbilisi-Declaration.pdf
  • Vygotsky, L. S. 1980. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (Edited by M. Cole). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674576292.
  • Wenger, E. 2005. Communities of Practice: A Brief Introduction, 1–7.
  • Wheaton, M. A. Kannan, and N. M. Ardoin. 2018. Pathways in Environmental Literacy (No. 2; Environmental Literacy Brief). Social Ecology Lab, Stanford University. https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/news/images/stanfordsocialecologylab-brief-2.pdf
  • Wood, L. A., and R. O. Kroger. 2000. Doing Discourse Analysis: Methods for Studying Action in Talk and Text. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. doi:10.4135/9781452233291.
  • Yore, L. D. 2012. “Science Literacy for All: More than a Slogan, Logo, or Rally Flag!.” In Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research: Moving Forward, edited by K. C. D. Tan & M. Kim, 5–23. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3980-2_2.
  • Yull, D., L. V. Blitz, T. Thompson, and C. Murray. 2014. “Can We Talk? Using Community-Based Participatory Action Research to Build Family and School Partnerships with Families of Color.” School Community Journal 24 (2): 9–32.
  • Zoller, H. M. 2012. “Communicating Health: Political Risk Narratives in an Environmental Health Campaign.” Journal of Applied Communication Research 40 (1): 20–43. doi:10.1080/00909882.2011.634816.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.