Antioxidant potential of biflavonoid attenuates hyperglycemia by modulating the carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in high fat diet/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

References

• Mrudula T, Suryanarayana P, Srinivas PN, et al. Effect of curcumin on hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;361:528–532. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi BK, Srivastava AK. Diabetes mellitus: complications and therapeutics. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12:130–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma AK, Bharti S, Goyal S, et al. Upregulation of PPARγ by Aegle marmelos ameliorates insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in high fat diet fed-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Phytother Res. 2011;25:1457–1465. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir GC, Bonner Weir S. Five stages of evolving beta-cell dysfunction during progression to diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:S16–S21. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF diabetes atlas. 7th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Suman BS, Afreena N, Krishna MP, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of the fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana in experimental diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;104:367–373. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, et al. Indigenous drugs of India. 2nd ed. Calcutta: U.N. Dhur and Sons; 1958. p. 408.
   Google Scholar
• Ishatulla K, Ansari WH, Rahman W, et al. Bioflavanoids from Semecarpus anacardium linn. Indian J Chem. 1977;15:617–622.
   Google Scholar
• Mathur HN, Agarwal JS. Phenolic modified resin of oil varnishes. J Sci Indian Res. 1953;12:411.
   Google Scholar
• Rao NS, Row LR, Brown RT. Phenolic constituents of Semecarpus anacardium. Phytochemistry. 1973;12:671–681. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84463-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter RC, Sotheeswaran S, Uvais M, et al. (-)-5-Methylmellein and catechol derivatives from four Semecarpus species. Phytochem. 1980;19:445–447. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(80)83198-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvam B, Jachak SM. A cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory biflavonoid from the seeds of Semecarpus anacardium. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;95:209–212. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy SSN. Confirmation of the structure of Jeediflavonone: a biflavonane from Semecarpus anacardium. Phytochem. 1984;23:925–927. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85069-4
   Google Scholar
• Murthy SSN. Naturally occurring biflavonoid derivatives: galluflavanone, a new biflavonoid from Semecarpus anacardium. Indian J Chem. 1985;24b:398–402.
   Google Scholar
• Murthy SSN. Semicarpetin: a biflavonoid from Semecarpus anacardium. Phytochem. 1988;27:3020–3022. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)80721-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy SSN. New biflavonoid from Semecarpus anacardium linn. Clin Acta Turcica. 1992;20:33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Bhitre MJ, Patil S, Kataria M, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of the fruits of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Asian J Chem. 2008;20:2047–2050.
   Google Scholar
• Nair A, Bhide SV. Antimicrobial properties of different parts of Semecarpus anacardium. Indian Drugs. 1996;33:323–328.
   Google Scholar
• Sundarama R, Muthu K, Nagaraj S, et al. Isolation and characterization of catechol derivatives from Semecarpus anacardium seeds and their antibacterial potential in in vitro. Biomed Prev Nutr. 2014;4:177–180. doi: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Purusothaman A, Meenatchi P, Saravanan N, et al. Isolation and characterization of an acyclic isoprenoid from Semecarpus anacardium Linn. and its antibacterial potential in vitro. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017;20:119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J, Russell RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Mol. 2010;15:7313–7352. doi: 10.3390/molecules15107313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:7915–7922. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie W, Xing D, Sun H, et al. The effects of Ananas comosus L. leaves on diabetic-dyslipidemic rats induced by alloxan and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33:95–105. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X05002692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Wen W, Li C, et al. Ameliorative effect of berberine on renal damage in rats with diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Phytomedicine. 2012;19:712–718. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen Acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem. 1969;6:24–27. doi: 10.1177/000456326900600108
   Google Scholar
• Drabkin DL, Austin JM. Spectrophotometric studies, spectrophotometric constants for common haemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood. J Biol Chem. 1932;98:719–733.
   Google Scholar
• Sudhakar NS, Pattabiraman TN. A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clin Chim Acta. 1981;109:267–274. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90312-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannon P. Effect of pH on the elimination of the labile fraction of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clin Chem. 1982;28(10):2183–2183. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/28.10.2183a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgi W, Briner M, Franken N, et al. One-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for insulin using monoclonal antibodies. Clin Biochem. 1988;21:311–314. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9120(88)80087-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandstrup N, Kirk JE, Bruni C. The hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase activities of aortic and pulmonary artery tissue in individuals of various ages. J Gerontol. 1957;12:166–171. doi: 10.1093/geronj/12.2.166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koide H, Oda T. Pathological occurrence of glucose-6-phosphatase in serum in liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 1959;4:554–561. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(59)90165-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske CH, Subbarow J. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem. 1925;66:375–400.
   Google Scholar
• Gancedo JM, Gancedo C. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from fermenting and non fermenting yeasts. Arch Microbiol. 1971;76:132–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ells HA, Kirkman HN. A colorimetric method for assay of erythrocytic glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1961;106:607–609. doi: 10.3181/00379727-106-26418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leloir LF, Goldemberg SH. Glycogen synthetase from rat liver: (Glucose)n+(UDPG) →(Glucose)n+1+UDP. Meth Enzymol. 1962;5:145–147. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(62)05196-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornblath M, Randle PJ, Parmeggiani A, et al. Regulation of glycogenolysis in muscle: effects of glucagon and anoxia on lactate production, glycogen content, and phosphorylase activity in the perfused isolated rat heart. J Biol Chem. 1963;238:1592–1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales MA, Jabbagy AJ, Terenizi HR. Mutations affecting accumulation of glycogen. Fungal Genet Rep. 1973;20:24–25.
   Google Scholar
• Fraga CG, Leibouitz BE, Toppel AL. Lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in tissue slices: characterization and comparison with homogenates and microsomes. J Free Rad Biol Med. 1988;4:155–161. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(88)90023-8
   Google Scholar
• Jiang ZY, Hunt JV, Wolff SP. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange for detection of lipid hydroperoxide in low density lipoprotein. Anal Biochem. 1992;202:384–389. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90122-N
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha KA. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 1972;47:389–394. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkar R, Mantha SV, Radhi J, et al. Increased oxidative stress in rat liver and pancreas during progression of streptozotocin induced diabetes. Clin Sci. 1998;94:623–632. doi: 10.1042/cs0940623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, et al. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Sci. 1973;179:588–590. doi: 10.1126/science.179.4073.588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione-S-transferase: the first step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 1974;249:7130–7139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omaye ST, Turnbull TD, Sauberlich HE. Selected method for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluid. In: DB McCormic, DL Wright, editor. Methods Enzymol. Vol 62. New York: Academic Press; 1979. p. 3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Baker H, Frank O, Angelis B. Feingold SPlasma tocopherol in man at various times after ingesting free or acetylated tocopherol. Nutr Rep Int. 1980;21:531–536.
   Google Scholar
• Beutler E, Kelly BM. The effect of sodium nitrite on red cell GSH. Experientia. 1963;19:96–97. doi: 10.1007/BF02148042
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with folinphenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod. 2000;63:1035–1042. doi: 10.1021/np9904509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud AM, Ahmed OM, Ashour MB, et al. In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effects of citrus flavonoids; a study on the mechanism of action. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2015;35:250–263. doi: 10.1007/s13410-014-0268-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghorbani A, Rashidi R, Nick RS. Flavonoids for preserving pancreatic beta cell survival and function: a mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;111:947–957. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram R, Naresh R, Shanthi P, et al. Modulatory effect of green tea extract on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin and high fat diet induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2013;20:577–584. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Effect of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavones on glucose metabolism in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:793–799. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram R, Naresh R, Ranadevan R, et al. Effect of iridoid glucoside on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;674:460–467. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Effect of iridoid glucoside on plasma lipid profile, tissue fatty acid changes, inflammatory cytokines, and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013;380:43–55. doi: 10.1007/s11010-013-1656-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen J, Lai YC. Regulation of muscle glycogen synthase phosphorylation and kinetic properties by insulin, exercise, Adrenaline and role in insulin resistance. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2009;115:13–21. doi: 10.1080/13813450902778171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen WP, Chi TC, Chuang LM, et al. Resveratrol enhances insulin secretion by blocking KATP and KV channels of beta cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;568:269–277. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravi K, Ramachandran B, Subramanian S. Effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on antioxidant defence system in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Life Sci. 2004;75:2717–2731. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elalfy A, Ahmed A, Fatani A. Protective effect of red grape seeds proanthocyanidins against induction of diabetes by alloxan in rats. Pharmacol Res. 2005;52:264–270. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamalakkannan N, Prince P. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid in streptozotocininduced diabetic wistar rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006;98:97–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_241.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayepola OR, Cerf ME, Brooks NL, et al. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex of Garcinia kola seeds modulates apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced nephrotoxic rats. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:1785–1793. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye Y, Guo Y, Luo YT. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a novel biflavonoid from shells of camellia oleifera. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:12401–12411. doi: 10.3390/ijms131012401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar