Teachers’ conceptions and their approaches to teaching in virtual reality and simulation‐based learning environments

References

• Barrows , H.S. and Tamblyn , R. 1980 . Problem‐based learning: An approach to medical education , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Boud , D. and Feletti , G. , eds. 1999 . Ongelmalähtöinen oppiminen [Problem‐based learning] , Helsinki : Hakapaino .
   Google Scholar
• Brenner , M. , Brown , J. and Canter , D. 1985 . The research interview , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A. 1992 . Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 2 : 141 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , C. and Gerber , R. 1995 . Towards university lecturers’ conceptions of student learning . Higher Education , 29 : 443 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner , J. 1975 . The ontogenesis of speech acts . Journal of Child Language , 2 : 1 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. , Smith , D. , Boulton‐Lewis , G. , Brownlee , J. , Burnett , P.C. , Carrington , S. and Purdie , N. 2001 . Students’ perceptions of teaching and learning: The influence of students’ approaches to learning and teachers’ approaches to teaching . Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice , 7 (2) : 173 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Cleave‐Hogg , D. and Morgan , P.J. 2002 . Experiential learning in an anaesthesia simulation centre: Analysis of students’ comments . Medical Teacher , 24 (1) : 23 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen , L. , Manion , L. and Morrison , K. 2000 . Research methods in education , London/New York : RoutledgeFalmer .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , A. , Joseph , D. and Bielaczyc , K. 2004 . Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues . Journal of the Learning Sciences , 13 (1) : 15 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Design‐Based Research Collective . 2003 . Design‐based research: An emerging paradigm for educational inquiry . Educational Researcher , 13 (1) : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Dieckmann , P. , Gaba , D. and Rall , M. 2007 . Deepening the theoretical foundations of patient simulation as social practice . Simulation in Heathcare , 2 : 183 – 193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duffy , T.M. and Jonassen , D.H. 1992 . Constructivism and the technology of instruction: A conversation , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Entwistle , N. , Skinner , D. , Entwistle , D. and Orr , S. 2000 . Conceptions and beliefs about ‘good teaching’: An integration of contrasting research areas . Higher Education Research and Development , 19 : 5 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Fanning , R.M. and Gaba , D.M. 2007 . The role of debriefing in simulation‐based learning . Simulation in Healthcare , 2 (1) : 115 – 125 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaba , D.M. 2004 . The future vision of simulation in health care . Quality and Safety in Health Care , 13 (1) : 2 – 10 . Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://healthpolicy.stanford.edu/PtSafety/OnlineDocuments/Proj%202%20Resources/Future%20Vision%20of%20Sim%20Publ%20(M).pdf
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graneheim , U.H. and Lundman , B. 2004 . Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness . Nurse Education Today , 24 : 105 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hmelo‐Silver , C. 2004 . Problem‐based learning: What and how do students learn? . Educational Psychology Review , 16 (3) : 235 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hmelo‐Silver , C.E. , Duncan , R.G. and Chinn , C.A. 2007 . Scaffolding and achievement in problem‐based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006) . Educational Psychologist , 42 (2) : 99 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Issenberg , S.B. , McGaghie , W.C. , Petrusa , E.R. , Gordon , D.L. and Scalese , R.J. 2005 . Features and uses of high‐fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: A BEME systematic review . Medical Teacher , 27 (1) : 10 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonassen , D.H. 1995 . Supporting communities of learners with technology: A vision for integrating technology with learning in schools . Educational Technology , 35 (4) : 60 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , B. and Weil , M. 1980 . Models of teaching , (2nd ed.) , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , B. , Calhoun , E. and Hopkins , D. 2002 . Models of learning – Tools for teaching , (2nd ed.) , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kember , D. and Kwan , K. 2000 . Lectures’ approaches to teaching and their relationship to conceptions of good teaching . Instructional Science , 28 : 469 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keskitalo , T. Towards expertise‐pedagogical approaches and educational tools in a virtual learning environment for health and welfare . Proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia. Hypermedia and telecommunications 2008 . Edited by: Luca , J. and Weippl , E. pp. 3799 – 3808 . Chesapeake, VA : AACE .
   Google Scholar
• Keskitalo , T. , Ruokamo , H. and Väisänen , O. How does the facilitating, training and learning model support characteristics of meaningful learning in a simulation‐based learning environment from facilitators? and students? perspectives? . Proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia, hypermedia and telecommunications 2010 . pp. 1736 – 1746 . Chesapeake, VA : AACE .
   Google Scholar
• Keskitalo , T. and Ruokamo , H. in press . “ Designing a pedagogical model for virtual reality and simulation‐based learning environments ” . In Navigating in educational contexts: Identities and cultures in dialogue , Edited by: Lauriala , A. , Rajala , R. and Ruokamo , H. Finland : ISATT .
   Google Scholar
• Kirschner , P.A. , Sweller , J. and Clark , R.E. 2006 . Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem‐based, experiential, and inquiry‐based teaching . Educational Psychologist , 41 (2) : 75 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone , R. 2003 . Simulation in surgical training: Educational issues and practical applications . Medical Education , 37 : 267 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone , R.L. , Nestel , D. , Vincent , C. and Darzi , A. 2007 . Complexity, risk and simulation in learning procedural skills . Medical Education , 41 : 808 – 814 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneebone , R.L. , Scott , W. , Darzi , A. and Horrocks , M. 2004 . Simulation and clinical practice: Strengthening the relationship . Medical Education , 38 : 1095 – 1102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb , D.A. 1984 . Experiential learning: Experiences as a source of learning and development , Englewood Cliffs., NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Laksov , K.B. , Lonka , K. and Josephson , A. 2008 . How do medical teachers address the problem of transfer? . Advances in Health Sciences Education , 13 : 345 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane , J.L. , Slavin , S. and Ziv , A. 2001 . Simulation in medical education: A review . Simulation & Gaming , 32 (3) : 297 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Lave , J. and Wenger , E. 1991 . Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lonka , K. , Joram , E. and Bryson , M. 1996 . Conceptions of learning and knowledge: Does training make a difference . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 21 : 240 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marton , F. 1975 . On non‐verbatim training: Level of processing and level of outcome . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 16 : 273 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod , P.J. , Steinert , Y. , Meagher , T. , Schuwirth , L. , Tabatabai , D. and McLeod , A.H. 2006 . The acquisition of tacit knowledge in medical education: Learning by doing . Medical Education , 40 : 146 – 149 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Postareff , L. and Lindblom‐Ylänne , S. 2008 . Variation in teachers’ description of teaching: Broadening the understanding of teaching in higher education . Learning and Instruction , 18 (2) : 109 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Postareff , L. , Lindblom‐Ylänne , S. and Nevgi , A. 2007 . The effect of pedagogical training on teaching in higher education . Teaching and Teacher Education , 23 : 557 – 571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rall , M. and Dieckmann , P. 2005 . Simulation and patient safety: The use of simulation to enhance patient safety on a systems level . Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care , 16 : 273 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramani , S. 2006 . Twelve tips to promote excellence in medical teaching . Medical Teacher , 28 (1) : 19 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogoff , B. 1990 . Apprenticeship in thinking , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosen , K.R. 2008 . The history of medical simulation . Journal of Critical Care , 23 : 157 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Säljö , R. 1979 . Learning in the learner’s perspective, I – Some commonsense conceptions (Reports from the Institute of Education, No. 77) , Gothenburg : University of Gothenburg .
   Google Scholar
• Tissari , V. , Vahtivuori‐Hänninen , S. , Vaattovaara , V. , Ruokamo , H. and Tella , S. Applying pedagogical models in network‐based education: Research findings from the Finnish HelLa Project Case Studies . CD‐ROM. Electronic Version of Papers Presented at ED‐MEDIA 2005 Conference . June 26–July 2 2005 , Montréal, Canada. Proceedings of ED‐MEDIA 2005: World conference on educational multimedia, hypermedia and telecommunications , Edited by: Kommers , P. and Richards , G. pp. 656 – 662 . Chesapeake, VA : AACE .
   Google Scholar
• Trigwell , K. and Prosser , M. 1996 . Changing approaches to teaching: A relational perspective . Studies in Higher Education , 21 (3) : 275 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tynjälä , P. 1999 . Towards expert knowledge? A comparison between a constructivist and a traditional learning environment in the university . International Journal of Educational Research , 31 : 357 – 442 .
   Google Scholar
• Tynjälä , P. 2006 . “ Opettajan asiantuntijuus ja työkulttuurit [Teachers’ expertise and work cultures] ” . In Opettajan työ ja oppiminen [Teachers’ work and learning] , Edited by: Nummenmaa , A.‐R. and Välijärvi , J. 99 – 122 . Jyväskylä : Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos, Jyväskylän yliopisto .
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky , L. 1978 . Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wells , G. and Claxton , G. 2002 . Learning for life in 21st century: Sociocultural perspectives on the future of education , Cambridge, MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar