Female labour force participation, infant mortality and fertility in Malaysia

References

• Angeles, L. 2010. “Demographic Transitions: Analyzing the Effects of Mortality on Fertility.” Journal of Population Economics 23 (1): 99–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, G.S. 1960. Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries: An Economic Analysis of Fertility. 209–231. Princeton: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bernhardt, E.M. 1993. “Fertility and Employment.” European Sociological Review 9 (1): 25–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, D.M., D.K. Guilkey, and B.M. Popkin. 1996. “Infant Health and the Labor Supply of Mothers.” Journal of Human Resources 31: 90–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boldrin, M., M.D. Nardi, and L.E. Jones. 2005. “Fertility and Social Security.” NBER Working Paper No. 11146.
   Google Scholar
• Bratti, M. 2003. “Labour Force Participation and Marital Fertility of Italian Women: The Role of Education.” Journal of Population Economics 16 (3): 525–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewster, K.L., and R.R. Rindfuss. 2000. “Fertility and Women's Employment in Industrialized Nations.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 271–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttner, T., and W. Lutz. 1990. “Estimating Fertility Responses to Policy Measures in the German Democratic Republic.” Population and Development Review 16 (3): 539–555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chafetz, J.S. 1995. Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries: Chicken or Egg? A Theory of the Relationship Between Feminist Movements and Family Change, K.O. Mason and A.M. Jensen, eds., 63–81. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, B.S. 1996a. “The Causal Relationship Between African American Fertility and Female Labor Supply: Policy Implications.” The Review of Black Political Economy 25 (2): 77–88.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, B.S. 1996b. “An Investigation of Cointegration and Causality between Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation.” Applied Economics Letters 3 (1): 29–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, B.S. 1999. “Cointegration and Causality between Fertility and Female Labour Participation in Taiwan: A Multivariate Approach.” Atlantic Economic Journal 27 (4): 422–434.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, B.S., R.C.Hsu, and Q.Chu. 1997. “The Causality between Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation in Japan.” Applied Economics Letters 4 (2): 113–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, A.R. 1988. “The Infant Mortality-Fertility Debate: Some International Evidence.” Southern Economic Journal 54: 666–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, A., R. Dehejia, and D. Romanov. 2007. “Do Financial Incentives Affect Fertility?.” NBER Working Paper No. 3700.
   Google Scholar
• Country Health Plan, 10th Malaysia Plan. 2011–2015.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, J.C. 1980. “Fertility and Female Employment: Problems of Causal Direction.” American Sociological Review 45 (2): 167–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruces, G., and S. Galiani. 2007. “Fertility and Female Labor Supply in Latin America: New Causal Evidence.” Labour Economics 14 (1): 565–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, S., and L.J.Waite. 1991. “Women's Employment During Pregnancy and After the First Birth: Occupational Characteristics and Work Commitment.” American Sociological Review 56 (4): 551–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economic Planning Unit. 2001. Prime Minister's Department. Eighth Malaysia Plan, 2001–2005.Kuala Lumpur: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich, I., and F.T. Lui. 1991. “Intergenerational Trade, Longevity, and Economic Growth.” Journal of Political Economy 99: 1029–1059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England, P., and G. Farkas. 1986. Households, Employment, and Gender: A Social, Economic, and Demographic View. Hawthorne, NY: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Engle, R.F., and C.W.J. Granger. 1987. “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing.” Econometrica 55: 251–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch, N., and J. Bradshaw. 2003. Fertility and Supporting the Costs of Children: Recent Fertility Trends in Northern Europe. Heslington: Routledge, Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, R. 1979. “Theories of Fertility Decline: A Reappraisal.” Social Forces 58 (1): 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galor, O., and D.N. Weil. 1999. “From Malthusian Stagnation to Modern Growth.” American Economic Review 89: 150–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geok, L.K. 1990. “Fertility Preferences among Malaysian Women: An Analysis of Responses to the New Population Policy.” Journal of Biosocial Science 22 (4): 465–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghatak, S. 1995. Fertility in the Pacific island countries.Introduction to Development Economics. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, A. 1994. “Testing for A Unit Root in Time Series with Pretest Data-Based Model Selection.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 12 (4): 461–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitlinger, A. 1991. “Pronatalism and Women's Equality Policies.” European Journal of Population 7: 343–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoem, J.M.1990. “Social Policy and Recent Fertility Change in Sweden.”Population and Development Review16 (4): 735–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoem, B., and J. Hoem. 1989. “The Impact of Women's Employment on Second and Third Births in Sweden.” Population Studies 43 (1): 47–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A.M. 1995. Gender and family change in industrialized countries: Gender Gaps in Relations with Children: Closing or Widening. K.O., Mason, and A.M., Jensen, eds. 223–243. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Johansen, S. 1988. “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12: 231–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G.W. 2011. Graduating from the Middle: Malaysian Development Challenges: Demographic and Labour Force Dynamics. H. Hill, T.S. Yean and M.Z. Ragayah, eds. 255–275. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kalemli-Ozcan, S., H. Ryder, and D.N. Weil. 2000. “Mortality Decline, Human Capital Investment and Economic Growth.” Journal of Development Economics 62: 1–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karen, M.O., and V.T. Palan. 1980. Female Employment and Fertility in Peninsular Malaysia: The Maternal Role Hypothesis Reconsidered. Mimeographed. Ann Arbor: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lalive, R., and J. Zweimüller. 2005. Does Parental Leave Affect Fertility and Return-to Work? Evidence from a True Natural Experiment. Discussion paper IZA DP No. 1613. Bonn: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Leete, R. 1996. Malaysia's Demographic Transition: Rapid Development, Culture, and Politics, South-East Asian Social Science Monographs. Kuala Lumpur: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, L.D. 1996. “Women's Decisions About Breastfeeding and Maternal Employment.” Journal of Marriage and Family 58: 239–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahpul, I.N., and N.A. Abdullah. 2011. “The Prevalence of Work-Family Conflict among Mothers in Peninsular Malaysia.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1 (17): 154–161.
   Google Scholar
• Malay Mail Costly daycare drives some parents to unregistered babysitters. 2014 (7 March).
   Google Scholar
• Martínez, D.F. and A. Iza. 2004. “Skill Premium Effects on Fertility and Female Labor Force Supply.” Journal of Population Economics 17: 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, P. 2000. “The ‘Toolbox’ of Public Policies to Impact on Fertility – A Global View.” Paper prepared for the Annual Seminar 2000 of the European Observatory on Family Matters, Low Fertility, Routledge, Sevilla (Spain), 15–16 December.
   Google Scholar
• McNown, R., and C. Ridao-Cano. 2005. “A Time Series Model of Fertility and Female Labor Supply in the UK.” Applied Economics 37 (5): 521–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer, D. 1992. “Mortality Decline, the Demographic Transition and Economic Growth.” Ph.D diss., University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Women and Family Development. 2003. “The Progress of Malaysian Women since Independence 1957–2000.”
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, V., and R. Smyth. 2010. “Female Labor Force Participation and Total Fertility Rates in the New Evidence from Panel Cointegration and Granger Causality Testing.” Journal of Economics and Business 62 (1), 48–64.
   Google Scholar
• Narayan, P.K. 2005. “The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests.” Applied Economics 37, 1979–1990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan, P.K., and S.Narayan. 2005. “Estimating Income and Price Elasticities of Imports for Fiji in ACointegration Framework.” Economic Modelling 22(3), 423–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan, P.K., and S. Popp. 2010. “A New Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks in Level and Slope at Known Time.” Journal of Applied Statistics 37 (9): 1425–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan, P.K., and R. Smyth. 2006a. “Higher Education, Real Income and Real Investment in China: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests.” Education Economics 14 (1): 107–125.
   Google Scholar
• Narayan, P.K., and R. Smyth. 2006b. “Female Labor Force Participation, Fertility and Infant Mortality in Australia: Some empirical Evidence from Granger Causality Tests.” Applied Economics 38 (5): 563–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norehan, A., and A.B. Nor'Aznin. 2011. “The Causal Relationship Between Fertility and Women Labor Force Participation: Evidence for the Four Selected ASEAN Countries.” European Journal of Social Sciences 26 (2): 154–158.
   Google Scholar
• Pesaran, M.H., and Y. Shin. 1999. Econometrics and Economic Theory in 20th century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modeling Approach to Cointegration Analysis. S. Strom, eds. Routledge, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Pesaran, M.H., Y. Shin, and R. Smith. 2001. “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 16 (3): 289–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinnelli, A. 1995. “Women's Condition, Low Fertility, and Emerging Union Patterns in Europe.” See Mason & Jensen 1995: 82–101.
   Google Scholar
• Reskin, B., and I. Padavic. 1994. Women and Men at Work.Thousand Oaks, CA: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Rica, S., and M.D. Ferrero. 2003. “The Effect of Fertility on Labor Force Participation: The Spanish Evidence.” Spanish Economic Review 5 (2): 153–172.
   Google Scholar
• Rindfuss, R.R., K. Benjamin, and S.P. Morgan. 2000. How do marriage and female labor force participation affect fertility in low–fertility countries? Routledge. Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Rindfuss, R.R., and K.L. Brewster. 1996. Childrearing and Fertility. Population and Development Review 22 (Routledge: New Patterns, New theories): 258–89.
   Google Scholar
• Roe, B., L.A. Wittington, S.B. Fein, and M.F. Teisl. (1999). “Is There Competition between Breastfeeding and Maternal Employment?” Demography 36 (2): 157–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenzweig, M., and T.P. Schultz. 1985. “The Demand and Supply of Births: Fertility and its Life Cycle Consequences.” American Economic Review 75: 992–1015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhm, C. 1998. “The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons From Europe.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113: 285–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhm, C., and J.L. Teague. 1997. Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace: Parental Leave Policies in Europe and North America. F.D. Blau, and R. Ehrenberg, eds. 133–156. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Salanie, B., and G. Laroque. 2008. “Does Fertility Respond to Financial Incentives?” IZA Discussion Paper No. 3575.
   Google Scholar
• Sbeiti, W., and T. Alshammari. 2010. “Integration of Stock Markets in the GCC Countries: An Application of the ARDL Bounds Testing Model.” European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 20 May.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, T.P. 1993. “Mortality Decline in the Low-Income World: Causes and Consequences.” American Economic Review 83 (2): 337–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, R.R. 2005. “Mortality Reductions, Educational Attainment and Fertility Choice.”American Economic Review 95 (3): 580–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stycos, J.M., and R.H. Weller. 1967. “Female Working Roles and Fertility.” Demography 4: 210–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramaniam, G., E. Ali, and J. Overton. 2010. “Are Malaysian Women Interested in Flexible Working Arrangements at Workplace?” Business Studies Journal 2 (2): 83–98.
   Google Scholar
• Tamura, R.. 2002. “Human Capital and Economic Development.” Routledge, Mimeo.
   Google Scholar
• United Nation Development Program, Human Development Report. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Walle, E. and J.Knodel. 1968. “Demographic Transition and Fertility Decline: The European Case.” Proceedings of the Sydney Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.
   Google Scholar
• Vlasbom, J.D., and J.J. Schippers. 2004. “Increases in Female Labor Force Participation in Europe: Similarities and Differences.” European Journal of Population 20: 375–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller, R.H. 1997. “Wife Employment and Cumulative Family Size in the United States, 1970 and 1960.”Demography 14: 43–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar