695
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Why some obese people become depressed whilst others do not: exploring links between cognitive reactivity, depression and obesity

, , , , , , ORCID Icon, & show all
Pages 362-373 | Received 31 Jan 2018, Accepted 22 Aug 2018, Published online: 25 Sep 2018

References

  • Altman, D. G. (2006). The cost of dichotomising continuous variables. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 332(7549), 1080.
  • Barnhofer, T., & Chittka, T. (2010). Cognitive reactivity mediates the relationship between neuroticism and depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(4), 275–281.
  • Batmaz, S., Kocbiyik, S., & Yuncu, O. A. (2017). Cognitive reactivity in depressed outpatients: How different is severe depression? Journal of Rational - Emotive and Cognitive - Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 173–186.
  • Beck, A., Steer, R., & Brown, G. (1993). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX, USA: Psychological Corporation.
  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Carey, M., Small, H., Yoong, S. L., Boyes, A., Bisquera, A., & Sanson-Fisher, R. (2014). Prevalence of comorbid depression and obesity in general practice: A cross-sectional survey. The British Journal of General Practice : the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 64(620), e122–7.
  • Cladder-Micus, M. B., van Aalderen, J., Donders, A. R. T., Spijker, J., Vrijsen, J. N., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2017). Cognitive reactivity as outcome and working mechanism of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrently depressed patients in remission. Cognition and Emotion, 1–8. doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1285753
  • Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., Vandeputte, A., & Braet, C. (2013). Personality subtypes in female pre-bariatric obese patients: Do they differ in eating disorder symptoms, psychological complaints and coping behaviour? European Eating Disorders Review, 21(1), 72–77.
  • Cohen, J. (1983). The cost of dichotomization. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7(3), 249–253.
  • Crisp, A. H., & McGuiness, B. (1976). Jolly fat: Relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population. British Medical Journal, 1(6000), 7–9.
  • Drost, J., Der Does, A. J. W., Antypa, N., Zitman, F. G., Van Dyck, R., & Spinhoven, P. (2012). General, specific and unique cognitive factors involved in anxiety and depressive disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(6), 621–633.
  • Elgersma, H. J., De Jong, P. J., Van Rijsbergen, G. D., Kok, G. D., Burger, H., Van Der Does, W., … Bockting, C. L. H. (2015). Cognitive reactivity, self-depressed associations, and the recurrence of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 300–309.
  • Fan, M., & Jin, Y. (2014). Obesity and self-control: Food consumption, physical activity, and weight-loss intention. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36(1), 125–145.
  • Gavin, A. R., Simon, G. E., & Ludman, E. J. (2010). The association between obesity, depression, and educational attainment in women: The mediating role of body image dissatisfaction. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(6), 573–581.
  • Goldberg, D. (2000). Plato versus Aristotle: Categorical and dimensional models for common mental disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41(2), 8–13.
  • Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. H. (2009). The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 88.
  • Hautzinger, M., Keller, F., & Kühner, C. (2006). Das Beck Depressionsinventar II. Deutsche Bearbeitung und Handbuch zum BDI-II. London: Pearson.
  • Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., & Westfall, P. (2008). Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biometrical Journal, 50(3), 346–363.
  • Hudson, J., Hiripi, E., Jr, H. P., & Kessler, R. (2007). The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry, 61(3), 348–358.
  • Jansen, A., Havermans, R., Nederkoorn, C., & Roefs, A. (2008). Jolly fat or sad fat? Subtyping non-eating disordered overweight and obesity along an affect dimension. Appetite, 51(3), 635–640.
  • John, U., Meyer, C., Rumpf, H.-J., & Hapke, U. (2005). Relationships of psychiatric disorders with overweight and obesity in an adult general population. Obesity Research, 13(1), 101–109.
  • Karakus, M. C., & Okunade, A. A. (2012). Obesity, depression, and employment related outcomes among workers near retirement. Ageing International, 37(2), 238–253.
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Chiu, W. T., Deitz, A. C., Hudson, J. I., Shahly, V., … Xavier, M. (2013). The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the world health organization world mental health surveys. Biological Psychiatry, 73(9), 904–914.
  • Kraemer, H. C., Noda, A., & O’Hara, R. (2004). Categorical versus dimensional approaches to diagnosis: Methodological challenges. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38(1), 17–25.
  • Kühner, C., Bürger, C., Keller, F., & Hautzinger, M. (2007). Reliabilität und Validität des revidierten Beck- Depressionsinventars (BDI-II). Befunde aus deutschsprachigen Stichproben. Nervenarzt, 78(6), 651–656.
  • Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C., Neter, J., & Li, W. (2004). Applied lLinear Statistical Models (5th ed.). New York City: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  • Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Phennix, B. W., & Zitman, F. G. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 220–229.
  • MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 19–40.
  • Maraldo, T. M., Zhou, W., Dowling, J., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2016). Replication and extension of the dual pathway model of disordered eating: The role of fear of negative evaluation, suggestibility, rumination, and self-compassion. Eating Behaviors, 23, 187–194.
  • Markowitz, S., Friedman, M. A., & Arent, S. M. (2008). Understanding the relation between obesity and depression: Causal mechanisms and implications for treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 15(1), 1–20.
  • Mühlig, Y., Antel, J., Föcker, M., & Hebebrand, J. (2016). Are bidirectional associations of obesity and depression already apparent in childhood and adolescence as based on high-quality studies? A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(3), 235–249.
  • Naggara, O., Raymond, J., Guilbert, F., Roy, D., Weill, A., & Altman, D. G. (2011). Analysis by categorizing or dichotomizing continuous variables is inadvisable: An example from the natural history of unruptured aneurysms. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 32(3), 437–440.
  • Paans, N. P. G., Bot, M., Gibson-Smith, D., Spinhoven, P., Brouwer, I. A., Visser, M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017). Which biopsychosocial variables contribute to more weight gain in depressed persons? Psychiatry Research, 254, 96–103.
  • Paans, N. P. G., Bot, M., Gibson-Smith, D., Van der Does, W., Spinhoven, P., Brouwer, I., … Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016). The association between personality traits, cognitive reactivity and body mass index is dependent on depressive and/or anxiety status. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 89, 26–31.
  • Poobalan, A., & Aucott, L. (2016). Obesity among young adults in developing countries: A systematic overview. Current Obesity Reports, 5(1), 2–13.
  • Preiss, K., Brennan, L., & Clarke, D. (2013). A systematic review of variables associated with the relationship between obesity and depression. Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 14(11), 906–918.
  • R Development Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800737
  • Rawal, A., Park, R. J., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010). Rumination, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional thinking in eating disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(9), 851–859.
  • Royston, P., Altman, D. G., & Sauerbrei, W. (2006). Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: A bad idea. Statistics in Medicine, 25(1), 127–141.
  • Rudisill, C., Charlton, J., Booth, H. P., & Gulliford, M. C. (2016). Are healthcare costs from obesity associated with body mass index, comorbidity or depression? Cohort study using electronic health records. Clinical Obesity, 6(3), 225–231.
  • Schepers, R., & Markus, C. R. (2015). Gene × cognition interaction on stress-induced eating: Effect of rumination. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 54, 41–53.
  • Scher, C. D., Ingram, R. E., & Segal, Z. V. (2005). Cognitive reactivity and vulnerability: Empirical evaluation of construct activation and cognitive diatheses in unipolar depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(4), 487–510.
  • Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008). Understanding the relationship between emotional and behavioral dysregulation: Emotional cascades. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(5), 593–611.
  • Van der Does, W. (2002). Cognitive reactivity to sad mood: Structure and validity of a new measure. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(1), 105–120.
  • Van der Does, W., & Williams, J. M. (2003). Leiden index of depression sensitivity – Revised (LEIDS-R). Leiden: Leiden University.
  • Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio (2018, Dec 8-11). Report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva.
  • Wang, S. B., Lydecker, J. A., & Grilo, C. M. (2017). Rumination in patients with binge-eating disorder and obesity: Associations with eating-disorder psychopathology and weight-bias internalization. European Eating Disorders Review, 25(2), 98–103.
  • Watkins, E. R., Mullan, E., Wingrove, J., Rimes, K., Steiner, H., Bathurst, N., … Scott, J. (2011). Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for residual depression: Phase II randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(4), 317–322.
  • WHO. (2015). 10 facts on obesity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/en/
  • WHO. (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. https://doi.org/854
  • Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. New York City: Springer-Verlag
  • Wittchen, H., Zaudig, M., & Fydrich, T. (1997). Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
  • Yach, D., Stuckler, D., & Brownell, K. D. (2006). Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Nature Medicine, 12(1), 62–66.
  • Zhang, L., Liu, K., Li, H., Li, D., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., & Guo, L. (2016). Relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms: The “fat and jolly” hypothesis for the middle-aged and elderly in China. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1201.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.