Academic burnout and depression of Chinese medical students in the pre-clinical years: the buffering hypothesis of resilience and social support

References

• Ahola, K., & Hakanen, J. (2007). Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104(1–3), 103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 177(7), 439–440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anyan, F., & Hjemdal, O. (2016). Adolescent stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression: Resilience explains and differentiates the relationships. Journal of Affective Disorders, 203, 213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barger, S. D., Messerli-Burgy, N., & Barth, J. (2014). Social relationship correlates of major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms in Switzerland: Nationally representative cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14, 273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, M. D., Martin, K. J., & Garza, C. J. (2018). Satisfaction with work-family balance mediates the relationship between workplace social support and depression among hospice nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51, 187–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi, R., & Brisson, R. (2017). Burnout and depression: Causal attributions and construct overlap. Journal of Health Psychology. doi:10.1177/1359105317740415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015). Burnout-depression overlap: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 36, 28–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussing, A. (1999). Can control at work and social support moderate psychological consequences of job insecurity? Results from a quasi-experimental study in the steel industry. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 219–242.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell-Sills, L., Cohan, S. L., & Stein, M. B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behaviour Research Therapy, 44(4), 585–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chunming, W. M., Harrison, R., MacIntyre, R., Travaglia, J., & Balasooriya, C. (2017). Burnout in medical students: A systematic review of experiences in Chinese medical schools. BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression & Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Harper, W., Jr, Massie, F., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., … Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). The learning environment and medical student burnout: A multicentre study. Medical Education, 43(3), 274–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Huntington, J. L., Lawson, K. L., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Personal life events and medical student burnout: A multicenter study. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 374–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, T. R., & Gramling, S. E. (1990). Personal assertiveness and the effects of social support among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37(4), 427–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahrenkopf, A. M., Sectish, T. C., Barger, L. K., Sharek, P. J., Lewin, D., Chiang, V. W., … Landrigan, C. P. (2008). Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: Prospective cohort study. BMJ, 336, 488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frajerman, A., Morvan, Y., Krebs, M. O., Gorwood, P., & Chaumette, B. (2019). Burnout in medical students before residency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 55, 36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frese, M. (1999). Social support as a moderator of the relationship between work stressors and psychological dysfunctioning: A longitudinal study with objective measures. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(3), 179–192.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gariepy, G., Honkaniemi, H., & Quesnel-Vallee, A. (2016). Social support and protection from depression: Systematic review of current findings in Western countries. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(4), 284–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garratt-Reed, D., Howell, J., Hayes, L., & Boyes, M. (2018). Is perfectionism associated with academic burnout through repetitive negative thinking? PeerJ, 6, e5004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebert, D., Thompson, D., Takeshita, J., Beach, C., Bryson, P., Ephgrave, K., … Tate, J. (2009). Depressive symptoms in medical students and residents: A multischool study. Academic Medicine, 84(2), 236–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Bhalla, A., & Avasthi, A. (2018). Psychological problems and burnout among medical professionals of a tertiary care hospital of North India: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(2), 175–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjemdal, O., Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., & Stiles, T. C. (2011). The relationship between resilience and levels of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(4), 314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, V., & Henderson, M. (2014). Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: A systematic review. Medical Education, 48(10), 963–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacovides, A., Fountoulakis, K. N., Kaprinis, S., & Kaprinis, G. (2003). The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75(3), 209–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristanto, T., Chen, W. S., & Thoo, Y. Y. (2016). Academic burnout and eating disorder among students in Monash University Malaysia. Eating Behaviors, 22, 96–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. Q., Ma, Q., Liu, Y. Y., & Jing, K. J. (2018). Are parental rearing patterns and learning burnout correlated with empathy amongst undergraduate nursing students? International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(4), 409–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian, R., Yang, L., & Wu, L. (2005). The relationship between college students’ professional commitment and learning burnout and the development of the scale. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 37(5), 632–636. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Mao, T. X., Chen, W., Huang, C. Y., Yang, X. X., & Zhang, J. F. (2015). A generalizability analysis of the learning burnout scale for university students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 29–31. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development & Psychopathology, 2(4), 425–444.
   Google Scholar
• Mazurkiewicz, R., Korenstein, D., Fallar, R., & Ripp, J. (2012). The prevalence and correlations of medical student burnout in the pre-clinical years: A cross-sectional study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 17(2), 188–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccorkle, B. H., Rogers, E. S., Dunn, E. C., Lyass, A., & Wan, Y. M. (2008). Increasing social support for individuals with serious mental illness: Evaluating the compeer model of intentional friendship. Community Mental Health Journal, 44(5), 359–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcknight, J. D., & Glass, D. C. (1995). Perceptions of control, burnout, and depressive symptomatology: A replication and extension. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63(3), 490–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, J. A., Lee, C. U., & Chae, J. H. (2015). Resilience moderates the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms on suicidal ideation in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 56, 103–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, K., Noda, T., Ichikura, K., Okamoto, T., Takahashi, Y., Yamamura, T., & Nakagome, K. (2018). Resilience and depression/anxiety symptoms in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 25, 309–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noam, G. G., & Hermann, C. A. (2002). Where education and mental health meet: Developmental prevention and early intervention in schools. Development and Psychopathology, 14(4), 861–875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnin, D., De, Q. V., Ma, D. O. F., Gonzalez, N. V., Salgado, A. E., Cordeiro, E. O. B., … Melo, R. M. (2013). Burnout and career choice motivation in medical students. Medical Teacher, 35(5), 388–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, P. Y. (2011). A study on the relationship between psychological stress, social support and learning burnout in adult college students. ( Master’s thesis). Availabel from China National Knowledge Internet.
   Google Scholar
• Peng, L., Zhang, J., Li, M., Li, P., Zhang, Y., Zuo, X., … Xu, Y. (2012). Negative life events and mental health of Chinese medical students: The effect of resilience, personality and social support. Psychiatry Research, 196(1), 138–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rios-Risquez, M. I., Garcia-Izquierdo, M., Sabuco-Tebar, E. L. A., Carrillo-Garcia, C., & Solano-Ruiz, C. (2018). Connections between academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(12), 2777–2784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., Pyun, Y., Aycock, C., & Coyle, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 1017–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmela-Aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2014). School burnout and engagement in the context of demands-resources model. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(1), 137–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, M., Liu, L., Wang, Z. Y., & Wang, L. (2016). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its correlations with positive psychological variables among Chinese medical students: An exploratory cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sibalija, J., Savundranayagam, M. Y., Orange, J. B., & Kloseck, M. (2018). Social support, social participation, & depression among caregivers and non-caregivers in Canada: A population health perspective. Aging & Mental Health, 1–9. doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1544223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneed, R. S., & Cohen, S. (2014). Main and buffering effect of social support. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 3740–3743). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Tafoya, S. A., Aldrete–Cortez, V., Ortiz, S., Fouilloux, C., Flores, F., & Monterrosas, A. M. (2019). Resilience, sleep quality and morningness as mediators of vulnerability to depression in medical students with sleep pattern alterations. Chronobiology International, 36(3), 381–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toothaker, L. E. (1994). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 45(1), 119–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Xu, B., Gu, Y., Zhu, J., & Liang, Y. (2018). The mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in heroin addicts. Journal of Community Psychology. doi:10.1002/jcop.22133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., Yuan, C. M., Huang, J., Li, Z. Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, H. Y., … Xiao, Z. P. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-II in patients with depression. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 25(6), 476–480. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, S. Y. (1994). The theoretical basis and application of social support scale. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4(2), 98–100. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G. Y., Feng, Z. Z., Xia, B. L., Zhong, T. J., Liu, Y. B., Wang, T., … Liu, J. L. (2006). The reliability, validity and national norm of social support scale in servicemen. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, 20(5), 309–312. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, H., & Chen, J. (2015). Learning perfectionism and learning burnout in a primary school student sample: A test of a learning-stress mediation model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 345–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, W. H., Wu., D. J., & Peng, F. (2014). Application of Chinese version of beck depression inventory-II to Chinese first-year college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(2), 240–245. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. R. (2007). The correlation between social support, coping style and subjective well-being of college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(3–4), 482–482. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar