Sense of purpose among transgender adults in the United States: comparisons of levels and health correlates

References

• Bundick, M. J., Remington, K., Morton, E., & Colby, A. (2021). The contours of purpose beyond the self in midlife and later life. Applied Developmental Science, 25(1), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1531718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2011). Purpose as a form of identity capital for positive youth adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 47(4), 1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrow, A. L., Stanley, M., Sumner, R., & Hill, P. L. (2014). Purpose in life as a resource for increasing comfort with ethnic diversity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(11), 1507–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214549540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussey, K. (2011). Gender identity development. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 603–628). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_25
   Google Scholar
• Cerezo, A., Morales, A., Quintero, D., & Rothman, S. (2014). Trans migrations: Exploring life at the intersection of transgender identity and immigration. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000031
   Google Scholar
• Collict, D., Pfund, G. N., de Los Reyes, G. O. R., & Hill, P. L. (2021). Identity formation among gay men, lesbian women, bisexual and heterosexual samples: Associations with purpose in life, life satisfaction, pathways to purpose and implications for positive sexual minority identity. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2125–2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00313-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H. (2009). The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. American Psychologist, 64(8), 644–658. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.64.8.644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (1991). Explaining sex differences in social behavior: A meta-analytic perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17(3), 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167291173011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Simoni, J. M., Kim, H. J., Lehavot, K., Walters, K. L., Yang, J., & Muraco, A. (2014). The health equity promotion model: Reconceptualization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health disparities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(6), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, E. M., Ruini, C., Foy, R., Jaros, L., Sampson, H., & Ryff, C. D. (2017). Lighten UP! A community-based group intervention to promote psychological well-being in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 21(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1093605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, J. M. M. L., Mottet, L., Tanis, J., Herman, J. L., Harrison, J., & Keisling, M. (2010). National transgender discrimination survey report on health and health care. Published by National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
   Google Scholar
• Hagen, W. B., Hoover, S. M., & Morrow, S. L. (2018). A grounded theory of sexual minority women and transgender individuals’ social justice activism. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(7), 833–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1364562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamby, S., Taylor, E., Mitchell, K., Jones, L., & Newlin, C. (2020). Poly-victimization, trauma, and resilience: Exploring strengths that promote thriving after adversity. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 21(3), 376–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1719261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why are women penalized for success at male tasks?: The implied communality deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., Best, R. D., Pfund, G. N., Cardador, T. M., & Strecher, V. (2023). Older adults place greater importance on purposeful retirement. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 96, 160–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., Burrow, A. L., Brandenberger, J. W., Lapsley, D. K., & Quaranto, J. C. (2010). Collegiate purpose orientations and well-being in early and middle adulthood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., Burrow, A. L., & Strecher, V. J. (2021). Sense of purpose in life predicts greater willingness for COVID-19 vaccination. Social Science & Medicine, 114193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., Edmonds, G. W., Peterson, M., Luyckx, K., & Andrews, J. A. (2016). Purpose in life in emerging adulthood: Development and validation of a new brief measure. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1048817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., & Weston, S. J. (2019). Evaluating eight-year trajectories for sense of purpose in the health and retirement study. Aging & Mental Health, 23(2), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1399344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idler, E. L., & Benyamini, Y. (1997). Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/2955359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. L. (2009). The black–white paradox in health: Flourishing in the face of social inequality and discrimination. Journal of Personality, 77(6), 1677–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00597.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, E. S., Strecher, V. J., & Ryff, C. D. (2014). Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(46), 16331–16336. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414826111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, H. J., Hooker, K., Geldhof, G. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2016). Longitudinal purpose in life trajectories: Examining predictors in late midlife. Psychology and Aging, 31(7), 693–698. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meerwijk, E. L., & Sevelius, J. M. (2017). Transgender population size in the United States: A meta-regression of population-based probability samples. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfund, G. N., & Hill, P. L. (2018). The multifaceted benefits of purpose in life. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 41(41), 27–37.
   Google Scholar
• Pfund, G. N., & Lewis, N. A. (2020). Aging with purpose: Developmental changes and benefits of purpose in life throughout the lifespan. In A. L. Burrow & P. L. Hill (Eds.), The ecology of purposeful living across the lifespan (pp. 27–42). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32053-9_3
   Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M. (2002). Creating and maintaining purpose in life in old age: A meta-analysis. Ageing International, 27(2), 90–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-002-1004-2
   Google Scholar
• Renn, K. A. (2007). LGBT student leaders and queer activists: Identities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer identified college student leaders and activists. Journal of College Student Development, 48(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2007.0029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Kim, E. S. (2020). Extending research linking purpose in life to health: The challenges of inequality, the potential of the arts, and the imperative of virtue. In A. L. Burrow & P. L. Hill (Eds.), The ecology of purposeful living across the lifespan (pp. 29–58). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52078-6_3
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, R. (2020). The shape of a life: Gender and its influence on purpose development. In A. L. Burrow & P. L. Hill (Eds.), The ecology of purposeful living across the lifespan (pp. 149–164). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52078-6_9
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, R., Burrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2018). The development of purpose in life among adolescents who experience marginalization: Potential opportunities and obstacles. American Psychologist, 73(6), 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willroth, E. C., Mroczek, D. K., & Hill, P. L. (2021). Maintaining sense of purpose in midlife predicts better physical health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 145, 110485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windsor, T. D., Curtis, R. G., & Luszcz, M. A. (2015). Sense of purpose as a psychological resource for aging well. Developmental Psychology, 51(7), 975–986. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar