Students’ reflections on barriers to promoting higher education’s social purposes in the classroom

References

• Barnett, Ronald. 2012. “Introduction.” In The Future University: Ideas and Possibilities, edited by Ronald Barnett, 1–11. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bourner, Tom. 1996. “The Learning Aims of Higher Education: A Personal Reflection.” Education + Training 38 (3): 10–16. doi: 10.1108/00400919610117371
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield, Stephen D. 1995. Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield, Stephen. 1991. “On Ideology, Pillage, Language and Risk: Critical Thinking and the Tensions of Critical Practice.” Studies in Continuing Education 13 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1080/0158037910130101
   Google Scholar
• Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. 3rd ed. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Burbules, Nicholas C., and Rupert Berk. 1999. “Critical Thinking and Critical Pedagogy: Relations, Differences, and Limits.” In Critical Theories in Education, edited by Thomas S. Popkewitz, and Lynn Fendler, 45–65. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, Sally. 1999. “The Chinese Learner – a Question of Style.” Education + Training 41 (6/7): 294–305. doi: 10.1108/00400919910285345
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, Valerie A. 1999. “The Development of Autonomous Learners in a University Setting.” Higher Education Research and Development 18 (1): 115–128. doi: 10.1080/0729436990180109
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, Valerie, and Catherine Montgomery. 2014. “Challenging Conceptions of Western Higher Education and Promoting Graduates as Global Citizens.” Higher Education Quarterly 68 (1): 28–45. doi: 10.1111/hequ.12029
   Google Scholar
• Cornelius, Lindsay L., and Leslie Rupert Herrenkohl. 2004. “Power in the Classroom: How the Classroom Environment Shapes Students’ Relationships with Each Other and with Concepts.” Cognition and Instruction 22 (4): 467–498. doi: 10.1207/s1532690Xci2204_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire, Paulo. 2000 (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Translated by Myra Bergman Ramos. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Gacel-Ávila, Jocelyne. 2005. “The Internationalisation of Higher Education: A Paradigm for Global Citizenry.” Journal of Studies in International Education 9 (2): 121–136. doi: 10.1177/1028315304263795
   Google Scholar
• George, Evan, and Angela Hovey. 2019. “Deciphering the Trigger Warning Debate: A Qualitative Analysis of Online Comments.” Teaching in Higher Education: 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroux, Henry. 2006. America on the Edge: Henry Giroux on Politics, Culture, and Education. New York: Palgrave Mcmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Giroux, Henry A. 2016. “Beyond Pedagogies of Repression.” Monthly Review 67 (10): 57–71. doi: 10.14452/MR-067-10-2016-03_6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hager, Paul, and Susan Holland. 2006. “Introduction.” In Graduate Attributes, Learning and Employability, edited by Paul Hager, and Susan Holland, 1–15. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• hooks, bell. 2003. Teaching Community: A Pedagogy of Hope. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, Raja Maznah Raja, Wan Hasmah Wan Mamat, Norani Salleh, Rohaida Mohd Saat, and Tony Harland. 2007. “Problem-based Learning in Asian Universities.” Studies in Higher Education 32 (6): 761–772. doi: 10.1080/03075070701685171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inayatullah, Sohail, and Ivana Milojevic. 2016. “Leadership and Governance in Higher Education 2025: Can Malaysian Universities Meet the Challenge?” Foresight 18 (4): 434–440. doi: 10.1108/FS-03-2016-0011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph Jeyaraj, Joanna, and Tony Harland. 2016. “Teaching with Critical Pedagogy in ELT: The Problems of Indoctrination and Risk.” Pedagogy, Culture and Society 24 (4): 587–598. doi: 10.1080/14681366.2016.1196722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, Jeffrey C. 2002. “Leadership in Malaysia: Traditional Values, International Outlook.” Academy of Management Perspectives 16 (3): 15–26. doi: 10.5465/ame.2002.8540292
   Google Scholar
• Khoo, Ying Hooi. 2013. “The NGO-government Relations in Malaysia: Historical Context and Contemporary Discourse.” Malaysian Journal of Democracy and Election Studies 1 (1): 76–85.
   Google Scholar
• Kimura-Walsh, E. 2010. “Globalization and Social Justice in Higher Education.” In International Encyclopedia of Education, edited by Penelope Peterson, Eva Baker, and Barry McGaw, 536–541. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Lie, Koo Yew, Wong Fook Fei, and Kemboja Ismail. 2012. “Students’ Critical Consciousness Through Critical Literacy Awareness.” GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 12 (2): 727–743.
   Google Scholar
• Manathunga, Catherine, Rachael Pitt, Laura Cox, Paul Boreham, George Mellick, and Paul Lant. 2012. “Evaluating Industry-based Doctoral Research Programs: Perspectives and Outcomes of Australian Cooperative Research Centre Graduates.” Studies in Higher Education 37 (7): 843–858. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2011.554607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, Peter. 2005. Capitalists and Conquerors: A Critical Pedagogy Against Empire. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, Monica. 2006. Pedagogy and the University: Critical Theory and Practice. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education Malaysia. 2015. Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015–2025 (Higher Education). Putrajaya.
   Google Scholar
• Nagda, Biren A., Patricia Gurin, and Gretchen E. Lopez. 2003. “Transformative Pedagogy for Democracy and Social Justice.” Race Ethnicity and Education 6 (2): 165–191. doi: 10.1080/13613320308199
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum, Martha. 2002. “Education for Citizenship in an Era of Global Connection.” Studies in Philosophy and Education 21 (4-5): 289–303. doi: 10.1023/A:1019837105053
   Google Scholar
• Puteh-Behak, Fariza, Ramiaida Darmi, and Yuslina Mohamad. 2015. “Implementation of a Western-based Multiliteracies Pedagogy in Malaysia: A Socio-cultural Perspective.” GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 15 (1): 1–24. doi: 10.17576/GEMA-2015-1501-01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, Susan P. 2016. “From Editor – Sticks and Stones: Trigger Warnings, Microagressions, and Political Correctness.” Journal of Social Work Education 52 (1): 1–5. doi: 10.1080/10437797.2016.1116850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sani, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd. 2008. “Freedom of Speech and Democracy in Malaysia.” Asian Journal of Political Science 16 (1): 85–104. doi: 10.1080/02185370801962440
   Google Scholar
• Shakir, Roselina. 2009. “Soft Skills at the Malaysian Institutes of Higher Learning.” Asia Pacific Education Review 10 (3): 309–315. doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9038-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shor, Ira, and Paulo Freire. 1987. A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, David R. 2006. “A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data.” American Journal of Evaluation 27 (2): 237–246. doi: 10.1177/1098214005283748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 1997. “Recommendation Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel.” Accessed December 18, 2018. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-UrL_Id=13144&UrL_dO=dO_TOpIC&UrL_SECTION=201.html.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, Melanie. 2006. Higher Education Pedagogies: A Capabilities Approach. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Joanna. 2016. Academic Freedom in an Age of Conformity: Confronting the Fear of Knowledge. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wink, Joan. 2000. Critical Pedagogy: Notes from the Real World. New York: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Yong, Fung Lan. 2010. “A Study on the Cultural Values, Perceptual Learning Styles, and Attitudes Toward Oracy Skills of Malaysian Tertiary Students.” European Journal of Social Sciences 13 (13): 478–492.
   Google Scholar
• Zajda, Joseph, Suzanne Majhanovich, and Val Rust. 2007. “Introduction: Education and Social Justice.” International Review of Education 52 (1–2): 9–22. doi: 10.1007/s11159-005-5614-2
   Google Scholar