66
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Shortlisted Essay for the 2023 AHUA Jonathan Nicholls Prize

Overhauling research commercialisation at UK universities

ORCID Icon
Received 04 Aug 2023, Accepted 30 Apr 2024, Published online: 22 May 2024

References

  • Abreu, Maria, and Vadim Grinevich. 2013. “The Nature of Academic Entrepreneurship in the UK: Widening the Focus on Entrepreneurial Activities.” Research Policy 42 (2): 408–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.10.005.
  • Abreu, Maria, Vadim Grinevich, Alan Hughes, and Michael Kitson. 2009. Knowledge Exchange between Academics and the Business, Public and Third Sectors. Cambridge: UK Innovation Research Centre. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/357117/1/AcademicSurveyReport.pdf.
  • Agrawal, Ajay K. 2001. “University-to-Industry Knowledge Transfer: Literature Review and Unanswered Questions.” International Journal of Management Reviews 3 (4): 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00069.
  • Baker, Simon. 2021. “UKRI Success Rates Fall as Grant Applications Ramp Up.” Times Higher Education (THE). 28 July 2021. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ukri-success-rates-fall-grant-applications-ramp.
  • Belcher, Brian M., Katherine E. Rasmussen, Matthew R. Kemshaw, and Deborah A. Zornes. 2016. “Defining and Assessing Research Quality in a Transdisciplinary Context.” Research Evaluation 25 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvv025.
  • Benneworth, Paul, Mitchell Young, and Roger Normann. 2017. “Between Rigour and Regional Relevance? Conceptualising Tensions in University Engagement for Socio-Economic Development.” Higher Education Policy 30 (4): 443–462. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-017-0061-9.
  • Broucker, Bruno, Kurt De Wit, and Jelle Mampaey. 2021. “Brand Communication of Higher Education Institutions: A Call for Multichannel Communication Analysis in Higher Education Branding Research.” Higher Education Policy 34 (4): 928–948. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00178-x.
  • Čábelková, Inna, Roger Normann, and Romulo Pinheiro. 2017. “The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Fostering Industry Clusters in Peripheral Regions: Strategies, Actors and Outcomes.” Higher Education Policy 30 (4): 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-017-0059-3.
  • Cambridge Enterprise. 2022. “Our Performance for the Financial Year 2021-22.” Cambridge Enterprise. 2022. https://www.enterprise.cam.ac.uk/about/our-performance/.
  • Campo, A.A. del, A. Sparks, R. C. Hill, and R. T. Keller. 1999. “The Transfer and Commercialization of University-Developed Medical Imaging Technology: Opportunities and Problems.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 46 (3): 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.775281.
  • Daniels, G., and C. Hofer. 1993. “Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Entrepreneurial Faculty and Their Innovative Research Teams.” In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, edited by N. Churchill, S. Birley, W. Bygrave, J. Doutriaux, E. Gatewood, F. Hoy, and W. Wetzel, 598–609. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
  • Debackere, Koenraad, and Reinhilde Veugelers. 2005. “The Role of Academic Technology Transfer Organizations in Improving Industry Science Links.” Research Policy, University-based Technology Initiatives 34 (3): 321–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.12.003.
  • Demski, Joel S., and Jerold L. Zimmerman. 2000. “On “Research vs. Teaching”: A Long-Term Perspective.” Accounting Horizons 14 (3): 343–352. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2000.14.3.343.
  • Di Gregorio, Dante, and Scott Shane. 2003. “‘Why Do Some Universities Generate More Start-Ups than Others?” Research Policy 32 (2): 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00097-5.
  • Fini, Riccardo, Nicola Lacetera, and Scott Shane. 2010. “Inside or Outside the IP System? Business Creation in Academia.” Research Policy 39 (8): 1060–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.05.014.
  • Fowler, David S. 2022. “Square Peg in a Round Hole: Are Small Private Liberal Arts Higher Education Institutions Prepared to Implement Lean Operational and Organizational Methodologies to Survive?” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 26 (1): 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2021.1944391.
  • Friedman, Joseph, and Jonathan Silberman. 2003. “University Technology Transfer: Do Incentives, Management, and Location Matter?” The Journal of Technology Transfer 28 (1): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021674618658.
  • Garland, Martine. 2020. “‘How Vulnerable Are You? Assessing the Financial Health of England’s Universities.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 24 (2): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2019.1689374.
  • Griffioen, Didi. 2020. “Building Research Capacity in New Universities During Times of Academic Drift: Lecturers Professional Profiles.” Higher Education Policy 33 (2): 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-018-0091-y.
  • Grigg, Trevor. 1994. “Adopting an Entrepreneurial Approach in Universities.” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 11 (3-4): 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-4748(94)90013-2.
  • Harris, Michael S. 2021. “The Soft Underbelly of Universities as Anchor Institutions: The Disconnect Between University and Community Research Priorities.” Higher Education Policy 34 (3): 603–621. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-019-00156-y.
  • Henderson, Rebecca, Adam B. Jaffe, and Manuel Trajtenberg. 1998. “Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965–1988.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 80 (1): 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465398557221.
  • HEPI. 2022. ‘2023 HEPI / Advance HE House of Commons Breakfast Seminar, 21 February 2023: “Making the Money Go Further: In the Cost of Living Crisis, What Can Be Done to Best Support Higher Education Institutions, Staff and Students?”’ HEPI. 24 October. https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2022/10/24/hepi-advance-he-house-of-commons-breakfast-seminar-tuesday-21-february-2023/.
  • HESA. 2023. “Data and Analysis.” Higher Education Statistics Agency. 31 January. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis.
  • Hindle, Kevin, and John Yencken. 2004. “Public Research Commercialisation, Entrepreneurship and New Technology Based Firms: An Integrated Model.” Technovation 24 (10): 793–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00023-3.
  • Ilieva, Janet. 2022. ‘International Student Recruitment: Geographical Diversification of Markets’. Universities UK. 20 December 2022. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/universities-uk-international/insights-and-publications/uuki-insights/international-student-recruitment.
  • Jaafar, Johanna Abdullah, Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff, Zaidi Mat Daud, and Mohammad Noor Hisham Osman. 2023. “Does Revenue Diversification Strategy Affect the Financial Sustainability of Malaysian Public Universities? A Panel Data Analysis.” Higher Education Policy 36 (1): 116–143. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-021-00247-9.
  • Jacob, Merle, Mats Lundqvist, and Hans Hellsmark. 2003. “Entrepreneurial Transformations in the Swedish University System: The Case of Chalmers University of Technology.” Research Policy 32 (9): 1555–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00024-6.
  • Johnston, Ron, Mark Matthews, and Mark Dodgson. 2000. “Enabling the Virtuous Cycle: Identifying and Removing Barriers to Entrepreneurial Activity by Health and Medical Researchers in the Higher Education Sector.” Report funded under the Evaluations and Investigations Program by Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Australian Government.
  • Julin Nyquist, Kristina, and Ulla Ahonen-Jonnarth. 2022. “Strategic, Fundamental and Means Objectives of Different Stakeholders in Collaboration between Universities and Surrounding Society.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 26 (1): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2021.1946866.
  • Karran, Terence, and Lucy Mallinson. 2019. “Academic Freedom and World-Class Universities: A Virtuous Circle?” Higher Education Policy 32 (3): 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-018-0087-7.
  • Lancaster, Nick. 2022. “How Universities Can Attract Vital Regeneration and Development Funding for Their Regions.” Universities UK. 20 December. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/latest/insights-and-analysis/how-universities-can-attract-vital.
  • Lee, Yong S. 1996. ““Technology Transfer” and the Research University: A Search for the Boundaries of University-Industry Collaboration.” Research Policy 25 (6): 843–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(95)00857-8.
  • Lee, Henry. 2021. “UK Universities Cut Arts, Languages, Humanities and Social Science Degrees.” World Socialist Web Site. 8 July. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/07/09/unic-j09.html.
  • Lee, Yong, and Richard Gaertner. 1994. “Technology Transfer from University to Industry.” Policy Studies Journal 22 (2): 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01476.x.
  • Link, Albert N., Donald S. Siegel, and Barry Bozeman. 2007. “An Empirical Analysis of the Propensity of Academics to Engage in Informal University Technology Transfer*.” Industrial and Corporate Change 16 (4): 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm020.
  • Louis, Karen Seashore, Lisa M. Jones, Melissa S. Anderson, David Blumenthal, and Eric G. Campbell. 2001. “‘Entrepreneurship, Secrecy, and Productivity: A Comparison of Clinical and Non-Clinical Life Sciences Faculty’.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 26 (3): 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011106006976.
  • MacFarlane, Karen. 2019. “‘How Can Universities Contribute to the Common Good?” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 23 (4): 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2019.1567615.
  • Miller, William L., and Langdom Morris. 1999. Fourth Generation R&D: Managing Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation. 1st ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mitchell, Nic. 2022. “17 New Frontiers for Diversifying Student Recruitment.” University World News. 2 February 2022. https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story = 20220201143258492.
  • Oliver, Cicely. 2021. “Reddin Survey of University Tuition Fees.” 2021. https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/sector/insights/reddin-survey-of-university-tuition-fees.
  • O’Shea, Rory P., Thomas J. Allen, Kenneth P. Morse, Colm O’Gorman, and Frank Roche. 2007. “Delineating the Anatomy of an Entrepreneurial University: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Experience.” R&D Management 37 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00454.x.
  • Oxford University Innovation. 2023. “Companies Formed.” Oxford University Innovation. 2023. https://innovation.ox.ac.uk/portfolio/companies-formed/.
  • Pinheiro, Rómulo, James Karlsen, Jan Kohoutek, and Mitchell Young. 2017. “Universities’ Third Mission: Global Discourses and National Imperatives.” Higher Education Policy 30 (4): 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-017-0057-5.
  • Powell, Walter W., and Jason Owen-Smith. 1998. “Universities and the Market for Intellectual Property in the Life Sciences.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 17 (2): 253–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199821)17:2<253::AID-PAM8>3.0.CO;2-G.
  • Rainford, Jon. 2020. “Creating Connections to Weather the Storm of Marketisation.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 24 (2): 53–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2019.1699196.
  • Research England. 2022. “New Evidence Highlights World-Leading Quality of UK University Research - REF 2021.” News Worldwide. 12 May. https://www.ref.ac.uk/guidance-and-criteria-on-submissions/news/new-evidence-highlights-world-leading-quality-of-uk-university-research/.
  • Rothaermel, Frank T., Shanti D. Agung, and Lin Jiang. 2007. “University Entrepreneurship: A Taxonomy of the Literature.” Industrial and Corporate Change 16 (4): 691–791. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm023.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1939. Business Cycles: A Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Shane, Scott. 2000. “Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities.” Organization Science 11 (4): 448–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602.
  • Singh, Jasvir Kaur Nachatar, and Gavin Jack. 2018. “The Benefits of Overseas Study for International Postgraduate Students in Malaysia.” Higher Education 75 (4): 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0159-4.
  • Stephan, Paula E., Shiferaw Gurmu, Albert J. Sumell, and Grant Black. 2007. “Who’s Patenting in the University? Evidence from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology 16 (2): 71–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590600982806.
  • Tetrevova, Libena, and Vladimira Vlckova. 2020. “The Role of Inter-University Cooperation in the Knowledge Society.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 24 (1): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2018.1519491.
  • Thursby, Jerry G., and Marie C. Thursby. 2005. “Gender Patterns of Research and Licensing Activity of Science and Engineering Faculty.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 30 (4): 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-005-2580-6.
  • Tracey, Irene, and Andrew Williamson. 2023. ‘Independent Review of University Spin-out Companies’. Independent report. London: Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and HM Treasury. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-review-of-university-spin-out-companies.
  • Vickers, Phil, and Bahram Bekhradnia. 2007. The Economic Costs and Benefits of International Students. Oxford: Higher Education Policy Institute Oxford.
  • Waaijer, Cathelijn J. F., Christine Teelken, Paul F. Wouters, and Inge C. M. van der Weijden. 2018. “Competition in Science: Links Between Publication Pressure, Grant Pressure and the Academic Job Market.” Higher Education Policy 31 (2): 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-017-0051-y.
  • Wright, Mike, Andy Lockett, Bart Clarysse, and Martin Binks. 2006. “University Spin-out Companies and Venture Capital.” Research Policy 35 (4): 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.01.005.
  • Zhang, Qiantao, Charles Larkin, and Brian M. Lucey. 2017. “Universities, Knowledge Exchange and Policy: A Comparative Study of Ireland and the UK.” Science and Public Policy 44 (2): 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scw047.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.