What are you? A CRT perspective on the experiences of mixed race persons in ‘post-racial’ America

References

• Baxley, T. P. 2008. “‘What Are You?’ Biracial Children in the Classroom.” Childhood Education 84 (4): 230–233.10.1080/00094056.2008.10523014
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Derrick. 1987. And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Derrick. 1992. Faces at the Bottom of the Well. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Derrick. 1996. Gospel Choirs. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Derrick. 1998. Afrolantica Legacies. Chicago, IL: Third World.
   Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. Racism without Racists. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Monica R. 2009. “A New Multicultural Population: Creating Effective Partnerships with Multiracial Families.” Intervention in School and Clinic 45: 124–131.10.1177/1053451209340217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, Anthony L., and Jamel K. Donnor. 2011. “The Education of Black Males in a ‘Post-racial’ World.” Race, Ethnicity, and Education 14: 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camper, Carol. 2004. “Into the Mix.” In “Mixed Race” Studies: A Reader, edited by Jayne Ifekwunigwe, 176–182. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Jim. 2003. “Unloving.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin R. Johnson, 471–477. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, Patricia. 2003. “Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 235–236. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, Kimberly, N. Gotanda, G. Peller, and K. Thomas, eds. 1995. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Crowley, Michael. 2008. “Post-racial: Even White Supremacists don’t Hate Obama.” The New Republic 7–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, Richard. 1995. The Rodrigo Chronicles. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado, Richard. 2001. “Two Ways to Think About Race: Reflections on the Id, the Ego, and Other Reformist Theories of Equal Protection.” Georgetown Law Review 89: 2279–2285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, Richard. 2003. “Crossroads and Blind Alleys: A Critical Examination of Recent Writings about Race.” Texas Law Review 82: 121–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, Richard, and Jean Stefancic. 2001. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott, Michael. 2003. “Telling the Difference: Nineteenth-Century Legal Narratives of Racial Taxonomy.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 116–117. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gillborn, David. 2008. Racism and Education: Coincidence or Conspiracy? London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Givhan, Robin. 2008. “Edging (at times Clumsily) Towrad a Post-racial America.” The Washington Post. March 16.
   Google Scholar
• Gladwell, Malcolm. 1998. “Lost in the Middle.” In Half and Half: Writers on Growing up Biracial and Bicultural, edited by Claudine O’Hearn, 112–124. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, Lewis. 2004. “Race, Biraciality, and Mixed Race.” In “Mixed Race” Studies: A Reader, edited by Jayne Ifekwunigwe, 158–165. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gotanda, Neil. 1991. “A Critique of “Our Constitution is Colorblind”.” Stanford Law Review 44: 1–68.10.2307/1228940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, Cheryl. 1993. “Whiteness as Property.” Harvard Law Review 106: 1707–1791.10.2307/1341787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, Christine. 2003. “The Devil and the ‘One drop’ Rule.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 104–110. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iweala, Uzodinma. 2008. “Racism in ‘Post-racial’ America.” Los Angeles times, January 23.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Lisa. 2004. “Is Biracial Enough (or, What’s This about a Multiracial Category on the Census?: A Conversation).” In “Mixed Race” Studies: A Reader, edited by Jayne Ifekwunigwe, 209–213. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, Randall. 2003. “How Are We Doing with Loving? Race, Law, and Intermarriage.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 64–67. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kerwin, Christine, J. Ponterotto, B. Jackson, and A. Harris. 1993. “Racial Identity in Biracial Children: A Qualitative Investigation.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 40 (2): 221–231.10.1037/0022-0167.40.2.221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, Rebecca, and Kimberly DaCosta. 1996. “Changing Face, Changing Race: The Remaking of Race in the Japanese American and African American Communities.” In The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders and the New Frontier, edited by M. Root, 227–244. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.10.4135/9781483327433
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings, Gloria. 1999a. “Just What is Critical Race Theory and what’s It Doing in a Nice Field like Education?” In Race is... Race isn’t: Critical Race Theory and Qualitative Studies in Education, edited by Laurence Parker, Donna Deyhle and Sofia Villenas, 7–30. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings, Gloria. 1999b. “Preparing Teachers for Diverse Student Populations: A Critical Race Theory Perspective.” In Review of Research in Education, edited by Ashgar Iran-Nejad and P. David Pearson, 221–247. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings, Gloria. 2006. “Foreword: They’re Trying to Wash Us Away: The Adolescence of Critical Race Theory in Education.” In Critical Race Theory: All God’s Children Got a Song, edited by Adrienne D. Dixson and Celia K. Rousseau, v–xiii. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings, Gloria. 2011. “Boyz to Men? Teaching to Restore Black boys’ Childhood.” Race, Ethnicity, and Education 14: 7–16.10.1080/13613324.2011.531977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, Charles. 1992. “The Word and the River: Pedagogy as Scholarship as Struggle.” Southern California Law Review 65: 2231–2298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Jennifer, and Frank Bean. 2004. “America’s Changing Color Lines: Immigration, Race/Ethnicity, and Multiracial Identification.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 221–242.10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110519
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGovney, Dudley. 2003. “Naturalization of the Mixed-Blood: A Dictum.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 407–410. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Robin. 1992. “The Human Ecology of Multiracial Identity.” In Racially Mixed People in America, edited by Maria Root, 24–36. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Miville, Marie L., Madonna G. Constantine, Matthew F. Baysden, and Gloria So-Lloyd. 2005. “Chameleon Changes: An Exploration of Racial Identity Themes of Multiracial People.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 52 (4): 507–516.10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan, Erica. 2007. “Challenging Multiculturalism: Is It Right for Everyone?” Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 10 (1): 7–13.10.1177/1555458906297709
   Google Scholar
• Nakashima, Cynthia. 1992. “An Invisible Monster: The Creation and Denial of Mixed-Race People in America.” In Racially Mixed People in America, edited by Maria Root, 162–178. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Nakashima, Cynthia. 1996. “Voices from the Movement: Approaches to Multiraciality.” In The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders and the New Frontier, edited by Maria Root, 79–97. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa, Donna. 2004. Does Anybody Else Look like Me? A parent’s Guide to Raising Multiracial Children. Boston, MA: De Capo Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Hearn, Claudine C., ed. 1998. Half and Half: Writers on Growing up Biracial and Bicultural. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Obama, Barack H. 1995. Dreams of My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. New York: Three Rivers Press.
   Google Scholar
• Okizaki, Carrie. 2000. “‘What Are You?’ Hapa-Girl and Multiracial Identity.” University of Colorado Law Review 71: 463.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, Twila. 2003. “The Transracial Adoption Controversy: An Analysis of Discourse and Subordination.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 364–367. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Root, Maria. 1992. “From Shortcuts to Solutions.” In Racially Mixed People in America, edited by Maria Root, 342–347. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Ropp, Steven. 2004. “Do Multiracial Subject Really Challenge Race? Mixed Race Asians in the United States and the Caribbean.” In “Mixed Race” Studies, edited by Jayne Ifekwunigwe, 263–270. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Saks, E. 2003. “Representing Miscegenation Law.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 11–12. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saulny, Susan. 2011a. “Census Data Presents Rise in Multiracial Population of Youths.” The New York times, March 24.
   Google Scholar
• Saulny, Susan. 2011b. “Counting by Race Can Throw off Some Numbers.” The New York times, February 9.
   Google Scholar
• Scheppele, Kim. 1989. “Foreword: Telling Stories.” Michigan Law Review No. 87: 2073–2098.10.2307/1289300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schorr, Daniel. 2008. A New “Post-racial” Political Era in America. National Public Radio.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, Wendy. 1998. The Schooling of Multiracial Students (ERIC Digest No. 138). ERIC/CUE Digest.
   Google Scholar
• Senna, Danzy. 1998. “The Mulatto Millenium.” In Half and Half: Writers on Growing up Biracial and Bicultural, edited by Claudine O’Hearn, 12–27. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, Rainier. 2004. “Thinking about Transcending Race.” In “Mixed Race” Studies, edited by Jayne Ifekwunigwe, 219–223. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Terry, Don. 2004. “Do White Voters like Barack Obama Because ‘He’s Not Really Black?’” Chicago Tribune, October 24.
   Google Scholar
• Volpp, Leti. 2003. “American Mestizo: Filipinos and Anti-Miscegenation Laws in California.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 86–93. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wadlington, Walter. 2003. “The Loving Case: Virginia’s Anti-Miscegenation Statute in Historical Perspective.” In Mixed Race America and the Law, edited by Kevin Johnson, 53–55. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle, Francis. 2000. “Children of Mixed Race - No Longer Invisble.” Educational Leadership 57 (4): 68–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Kim M. 2006. Mark One or More: Civil Rights in Multiracial America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Juan. 2007. “Obama’s Color Line.” The New York times, November 30.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Rhina. 2009. “Black-White Biracial Students in American Schools: A Review of the Literature.” Review of Educational Research 79: 776–804.10.3102/0034654309331561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Rhina. 2011. “When Gray Matters More than Black or White: The Schooling Experiences of Black-White Biracial Students.” Education and Urban Society 45 (2): 175–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willliams, Teresa. 1996. “Race as Process: Reassessing the ‘What Are You?’ Encounters of Biracial Individuals.” In The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders and the New Frontier, edited by Maria Root, 191–210. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.10.4135/9781483327433
   Google Scholar
• Wu, F. 2002. Yellow: Race in America beyond Black and White. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar