564
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Are background variables good predictors of need for L2 assistance in school? Effects of age, L1, amount, and timing of exposure on Icelandic language and nonword repetition scores

Pages 400-422 | Received 11 Nov 2016, Accepted 17 Jul 2017, Published online: 21 Aug 2017

References

  • Bedore, L., E. Peña, Z. Griffin, and G. Hixon. 2016. “Effects of Age of English Exposure, Current Input/Output and Grade on Bilingual Language Performance.” Journal of Child Language 43: 687–706. doi: 10.1017/S0305000915000811
  • Bialystok, E., G. Luk, K. Peets, and S. Yang. 2010. “Receptive Vocabulary Differences in Monolingual and Bilingual Children.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13: 525–531. doi: 10.1017/S1366728909990423
  • Blom, E., and E. Bosma. 2016. “The Sooner the Better? An Investigation Into the Role of Age of Onset and Its Relation With Transfer and Exposure in Bilingual Frisian–Dutch Children.” Journal of Child Language 43: 581–607. doi: 10.1017/S0305000915000574
  • Boerma, T., S. Chiat, P. Leseman, M. Timmermeister, F. Wijnen, and E. Blom. 2015. “A Quasi-Universal Nonword Repetition Task as a Diagnostic Tool for Bilingual Children Learning Dutch as a Second Language.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 58: 1747–1760. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0058
  • Bortolini, Y., B. Arfé, C. Caselli, L. Degasperi, P. Deevy, and L. Leonard. 2006. “Clinical Markers for Specific Language Impairment in Italian: The Contribution of Clitics and Nonword Repetition.” International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 41: 695–712. doi: 10.1080/13682820600570831
  • Brandeker, M., and Elin Thordardottir. 2015. “Language Exposure in Bilingual Toddlers: Performance on Nonword Repetition and Lexical Tasks.” American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 24: 126–138. doi: 10.1044/2015_AJSLP-13-0106
  • Brunelle, M. 2009. “Tone Perception in Northern and Southern Vietnamese.” Journal of Phonetics 37: 79–96. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2008.09.003
  • Buac, M., M. Gross, and M. Kaushanskaya. 2014. “The Role of Primary Caregiver Vocabulary Knowledge in the Development of Bilingual Children’s Vocabulary Skills.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 57: 1804–1816. doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0055
  • Chiat, S., and K. Polisenska. 2016. “A Framework for Cross-Linguistic Nonword Repetition Tests: Effects of Bilingualism and Socioeconomic Status on Children’s Performance.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 59: 1179–1189. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0293
  • Coady, J., and J. Evans. 2008. “Uses and Interpretations of Non-word Repetition Tests in Children with and without Specfic Language Impairment.” International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 43: 1–40. doi: 10.1080/13682820601116485
  • Collier, V. 1989. “How Long? A Synthesis of Research on Academic Achievement in a Second Language.” TESOL Quarterly 23: 509–531. doi: 10.2307/3586923
  • Conti-Ramsden, G., N. Botting, and B. Faragher. 2001. “Psycholinguistic Markers for Specific Language Impairment (SLI).” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42: 741–748. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00770
  • Dollaghan, C., and T. Campbell. 1998. “Nonword Repetition and Child Language Impairment.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 41: 1136–1146. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4105.1136
  • Duncan, T., and J. Paradis. 2016. “English Language Learners’ Nonword Repetition Performance: The Influence of Age, L2 Vocabulary Size, Length of L2 Exposure and L1 Phonology.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 59: 39–48. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0020
  • Dunn, L., and L. Dunn. 1994. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. 3rd ed. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
  • Elin Thordardottir. 2008. “Language-Specific Effects of Task Demands on the Manifestation of Specific Language Impairment: A Comparison of English and Icelandic.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 51: 922–937. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/068)
  • Elin Thordardottir. 2011a. “The Relationship Between Bilingual Exposure and Vocabulary Development.” International Journal of Bilingualism 15 (5): 426–445. doi: 10.1177/1367006911403202
  • Elin Thordardottir. 2011b. Milli mála: mat á íslensku sem öðru máli [Milli mála: Assessment Test for Icelandic as a Second Language]. Reykjavik: Framsaga.
  • Elin Thordardottir. 2015. “The Relationship Between Bilingual Exposure and Morphosyntactic Development.” International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 17: 97–114. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2014.923509
  • Elin Thordardottir. 2016. “Grammatical Morphology is Not a Sensitive Marker of Language Impairment in Icelandic in Children Aged 4–14 Years.” Journal of Communication Disorders 62: 82–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.06.001
  • Elin Thordardottir, and M. Brandeker. 2013. “The Effect of Bilingual Exposure Versus Language Impairment on Nonword Repetition and Sentence Imitation Scores.” Journal of Communication Disorders 46: 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.08.002
  • Elin Thordardottir, and Gudbjörg Kristín Eiríksdottir. 2012. “Use of Icelandic Morphology by School-Age L2 Speakers.” Poster presented at the bilingual and multilingual interaction conference, ESRC Research Centre on Bilingualism, Bangor, Wales, March–April.
  • Elin Thordardottir. forthcoming. “Amount Trumps Timing in Bilingual Vocabulary Acquisition: Effects of Input in Simultaneous and Sequential School-Age Bilinguals.” International Journal of Bilingualism.
  • Elin Thordardottir, and Anna Gudrun Juliusdottir. 2013. “Icelandic as a Second Language: A Longitudinal Study of Language Knowledge and Processing by School-Age Children.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 16: 411–435. doi: 10.1080/13670050.2012.693062
  • Elin Thordardottir, E. Kehayia, B. Mazer, N. Lessard, A. Majnemer, A. Sutton, N. Trudeau, and G. Chilingarian. 2011. “Sensitivity and Specificity of French Language and Processing Measures for the Identification of Primary Language Impairment at Age 5.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 54: 580–597. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0196)
  • Elin Thordardottir, A. Rothenberg, M.-E. Rivard, and R. Naves. 2006. “Bilingual Assessment: Can Overall Proficiency be Estimated from Separate Measurement of Two Languages?” Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders 4: 1–21. doi: 10.1080/14769670500215647
  • Genesee, F., K. Lindholm-Leary, W. Saunders, and D. Christian. 2005. “English Language Learners in U.S. Schools: An Overview of Research Findings.” Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk 10: 363–385. doi: 10.1207/s15327671espr1004_2
  • Gibson, T., C. Summer, E. Peña, L. Bedore, R. Gillam, and T. Bohman. 2015. “The Role of Phonological Structure and Experience in Bilingual Children’s Nonword Repetition Performance.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18: 551–560. doi: 10.1017/S1366728914000248
  • Girbau, D., and R. G. Schwartz. 2008. “Phonological Working Memory in Spanish–English Bilingual Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment.” Journal of Communication Disorders 41: 124–145. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.07.001
  • Hallé, P., Y.-C. Chang, and C. Best. 2004. “Identification and Discrimination of Mandarin Chinese Tones by Mandarin Chinese vs. French Listeners.” Journal of Phonetics 32: 395–421. doi: 10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00016-0
  • Hamill, D., and P. Newcomer. 1997. Test of Language Development (TOLD). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
  • Hammer, C., G. Jia, and Y. Uchikoshi. 2011. “Language and Literacy Development of Dual Language Learners Growing Up in the United States: A Call for Research.” Child Development Perspectives 5: 4–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00140.x
  • Hammer, C., F. Lawrence, and A. Miccio. 2008. “Exposure to English Before and After Entry Into Head Start: Bilingual Children’s Receptive Language Growth in Spanish and English.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11: 30–56. doi: 10.2167/beb376.0
  • Hao, Y.-C. 2012. “Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones by Tonal and Non-Tonal Language Speakers.” Journal of Phonetics 40: 269–279. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2011.11.001
  • Hu, C.-F., and M. Schuele. 2015. “When Language Experience Fails to Explain Word Reading Development: Early Cognitive and Linguistic Profiles of Young Foreign Language Learners.” The Modern Language Journal 99: 754–770. doi: 10.1111/modl.12274
  • Jackson, C., C. Schatschneider, and L. Leacox. 2014. “Longitudinal Analysis of Receptive Vocabulary Growth in Young Spanish English–Speaking Children from Migrant Families.” Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 45: 40–51. doi: 10.1044/2013_LSHSS-12-0104
  • Ólafsdóttir, Sigríður, Freyja Birgisdóttir, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir, and Sigurgrímur Skúlason. 2016. “Orðaforði og lesskilningur hjá börnum með íslensku sem annað mál: Áhrif aldurs við komuna til Íslands” [Icelandic Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension among Icelandic Second Language Learners: Influence of Age on Arrival in Iceland]. Netla Special Issue: 1–25.
  • Lee, H. J., Y. T. Kim, and D. Yim. 2013. “Nonword Repetition Performance in Korean-English Bilingual Children.” International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 15: 375–382. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2012.752866
  • Li, B., J. Shao, and M. Bao. 2017. “Effects of Phonetic Similarity in the Identification of Mandarin Tones.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 46: 107–124. doi: 10.1007/s10936-016-9422-6
  • Maddiesen, I. 2013. “Tone.” In The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, edited by M. Dryer and M. Haspelmath. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute on Evolutionary Anthropology. http://wals/info/chapter13.
  • Mueller Gathercole, V., I. Kennedy, and E. Thomas. 2016. “Socio-Economic Level and Bilinguals’ Performance on Language and Cognitive Measures.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19: 1057–1078. doi: 10.1017/S1366728915000504
  • Muircheartaigh, J., and T. Hickey. 2008. “Academic Outcome, Anxiety and Attitudes in Early and Late Immersion in Ireland.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11: 558–576. doi: 10.1080/13670050802149184
  • Nowenstein, Iris Edda, and Elin Thordardottir. Forthcoming. “Setningager og samræmi í íslensku sem öru máli: Dulinn munur í frásagnarmálsnum táninga [Syntactic Structure and Agreement in Icelandic as a Second Language: A Hidden Difference in Adolescent’s Narrative Samples].” Talfræingurinn.
  • Oller, K., B. Pearson, and A. Cobo-Lewis. 2007. “Profile Effects in Early Bilingual Language and Literacy.” Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 191–230. doi: 10.1017/S0142716407070117
  • Paradis, J., Y. Tulpan, and A. Arppe. 2016. “Chinese L1 Children’s English L2 Verb Morphology Over Time: Individual Variation in Long-Term Outcomes.” Journal of Child Language 43: 553–580. doi: 10.1017/S0305000915000562
  • Pham, G., and K. Kohnert. 2014. “A Longitudinal Study of Lexical Development in Children Learning Vietnamese and English.” Child Development 85: 767–782. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12137
  • Rydland, V., V. Grøver, and J. Lawrence. 2014. “The Second Language Vocabulary Trajectories of Turkish Immigrant Children in Norway from Ages Five to Ten: The Role of Preschool Talk Exposure, Maternal Education and Co-Ethnic Concentration in the Neighborhood.” Journal of Child Language 41: 352–381. doi: 10.1017/S0305000912000712
  • Scheele, A., P. Leseman, and A. Mayo. 2010. “The Home Language Environment of Monolingual and Bilingual Children and Their Language Proficiency.” Applied Psycholinguistics 31: 117–140. doi: 10.1017/S0142716409990191
  • Simos, P., G. Sideridis, A. Mouzak, and A. Chatzidaki. 2014. “Vocabulary Growth in Second Language among Immigrant School-Aged Children in Greece.” Applied Psycholinguistics 35: 621–647. doi: 10.1017/S0142716412000525
  • Smithson, L., J. Paradis, and E. Nicoladis. 2014. “Bilingualism and Receptive Vocabulary Achievement: Could Socio-Cultural Context Make a Difference?” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17: 810–821. doi: 10.1017/S1366728913000813
  • Símonardóttir, Ingibjörg, and Einar Guðmundsson. 1996. TOLD-I málþroskapróf;íslensk staðfærsla [Language Assessment Test, Icelandic Adaptation]. Reykjavik: Rannsóknarstofnun uppeldis- og menntamála.
  • Símonardóttir, Ingibjörg, Einar Guðmundsson, Steingrímur Skúlason, and Sigríður Pétursdóttir. 1995. TOLD-P málþroskapróf;íslensk staðfærsla [Language Assessment Test, Icelandic Adaptation]. Reykjavik: Rannsóknarstofnun uppeldis- og menntamála.
  • Statistics Iceland [Hagstofa Íslands]. 2016. http://www.hagstofa.is.
  • Steien, G., and W. Dommelen. 2016. “The Production of Norwegian Tones by Multilingual Non-native Speakers.” International Journal of Bilingualism. doi:10.1177/1367006916673218.
  • Stokes, S., A. Wong, P. Fletcher, and L. Leonard. 2006. “Nonword Repetition and Sentence Repetition as Clinical Markers of Specific Language Impairment: The Case of Cantonese.” Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 49: 219–236. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/019)
  • Unsworth, S. 2016. “Early Child L2 Acquisition: Age or Input Effects? Neither or Both?” Journal of Child Language 43: 608–634. doi: 10.1017/S030500091500080X
  • Wang, T., and J. Saffran. 2014. “Statistical Learning in a Tonal Language: The Influence of Bilingualism and Previous Language Experience.” Frontiers Psychology 953: 1–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.