Determinants of emotional language use preferences of ethnolinguistic minority children in Antwerp, Belgium

References

• Agirdag, Orhan. 2010. “Exploring Bilingualism in a Monolingual School System: Insights from Turkish and Native Students from Belgian Schools.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 31 (3): 307–321. doi:10.1080/01425691003700540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agirdag, Orhan, Katelijne Jordens, and Mieke Van Houtte. 2014. “Speaking Turkish in Belgian Primary Schools: Teacher Beliefs Versus Effective Consequences.” bilig, Journal of Social Sciences of the turkish World 70: 7–28. doi: 10.12995/bilig.2014.7001
   Google Scholar
• Alba, Richard, John Logan, Amy Lutz, and Brian Stults. 2002. “Only English by the Third Generation? Loss and Preservation of the Mother Tongue among the Grandchildren of Contemporary Immigrants.” Demography 39 (3): 467–484. doi:10.1353/dem.2002.0023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba, Richard, and Victor Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, Paul D. 1999. Logistic Regression Using the SAS System: Theory and Application. Cary: SAS Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Altinkamis, N. Feyza, and Orhan Agirdag. 2014. “Determinants of Language Use and Attitudes among Turkish Speakers in Flanders: A Focus on Generational Difference.” bilig, Journal of Social Sciences of the turkish World 70 (3): 59–80. doi: 10.12995/bilig.2014.7003
   Google Scholar
• Aycicegi, Ayse, and Catherine Harris. 2004. “BRIEF REPORT Bilinguals’ Recall and Recognition of Emotion Words.” Cognition and Emotion 18 (7): 977–987. doi:10.1080/02699930341000301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, Luna, Irina R Kumschick, Michael Eid, and Gisela Klann-Delius. 2012. “Relationship Between Language Competence and Emotional Competence in Middle Childhood.” Emotion 12 (3): 503–514. doi: 10.1037/a0026320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, Alice. 2007. “Designing and Testing Questionnaires for Children.” Journal of Research in Nursing 12 (5): 461–469. doi:10.1177/1744987107079616.
   Google Scholar
• Benet-Martinez, Veronica, and Jana Haritatos. 2005. “Bicultural Identity Integration (BII): Components and Psychosocial Antecedents.” Journal of Personality 73 (4): 1015–1050. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00337.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benet-Martínez, Verónica, Janxin Leu, Fiona Lee, and Michael W. Morris. 2002. “Negotiating Biculturalism.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33 (5): 492–516. doi:10.1177/0022022102033005005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birdsong, David, and Michelle Molis. 2001. “On the Evidence for Maturational Constraints in Second-Language Acquisition.” Journal of Memory and Language 44 (2): 235–249. doi: 10.1006/jmla.2000.2750
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blommaert, Jan. 2013. “Citizenship, Language, and Superdiversity: Towards Complexity.” Journal of Language, Identity & Education 12 (3): 193–196. doi:10.1080/15348458.2013.797276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgers, Natacha, Edith De Leeuw, and Joop Hox. 2000. “Children as Respondents in Survey Research: Cognitive Development and Response Quality.” Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 66 (1): 60–75. doi: 10.1177/075910630006600106
   Google Scholar
• Caldas, Stephen J., and Suzanne Caron-Caldas. 2002. “A Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Language Preferences of Adolescent Bilinguals: Shifting Allegiances and Developing Identities.” Applied Linguistics 23 (4): 490–514. doi: 10.1093/applin/23.4.490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L. 2014. “Emotionality Differences Between a Native and Foreign Language: Theoretical Implications.” Frontiers in Psychology 5: 1055. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervantes, Christi A. 2002. “Explanatory Emotion Talk in Mexican Immigrant and Mexican American Families.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 24 (2): 138–163. doi:10.1177/0739986302024002003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceuleers, Evy. 2008. “Variable Identities in Brussels. The Relationship Between Language Learning, Motivation and Identity in a Multilingual Context.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 29 (4): 291–309. doi:10.1080/01434630802147783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Stephen H, Morgan Kennedy, and Qing Zhou. 2012. “Parents’ Expression and Discussion of Emotion in the Multilingual Family: Does Language Matter?” Perspectives on Psychological Science 7 (4): 365–383. doi:10.1177/1745691612447307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clycq, Noël. 2009. Van keukentafel tot “God”: Belgische, Italiaanse en Marokkaanse ouders over identiteit en opvoeding. Antwerpen: Garant.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, Pamela M., Laura Marie Armstrong, and Caroline K. Pemberton. 2010. “The Role of Language in the Development of Emotion Regulation.” In Child Development at the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition, edited by Susan D. Calkins, and Martha Ann Bell, 59–77. Washington: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, Pamela M., Carole J. Bruschi, and Babu L. Tamang. 2002. “Cultural Differences in Children’s Emotional Reactions to Difficult Situations.” Child Development 73 (3): 983–996. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costigan, Catherine L, and Daphné P Dokis. 2006. “Similarities and Differences in Acculturation among Mothers, Fathers, and Children in Immigrant Chinese Families.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 37 (6): 723–741. doi: 10.1177/0022022106292080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crul, Maurice. 2016. “Super-Diversity vs. Assimilation: How Complex Diversity in Majority–Minority Cities Challenges the Assumptions of Assimilation.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (1): 54–68. doi:10.1080/1369183x.2015.1061425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2009. “Invisible and Visible Language Planning: Ideological Factors in the family language policy of Chinese immigrant families in Quebec.” Language Policy 8 (4): 351–375. doi:10.1007/s10993-009-9146-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan. 2016. “Conflicting Language Ideologies and Contradictory Language Practices in Singaporean Multilingual Families.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37 (7): 694–709. doi:10.1080/01434632.2015.1127926.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degner, Juliane, Cveta Doycheva, and Dirk Wentura. 2012. “IT Matters How Much You Talk: On the Automaticity of Affective Connotations of First and Second Language Words.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15 (01): 181–189. doi:10.1017/s1366728911000095.
   Google Scholar
• De Houwer, Annick. 1999. “Environmental Factors in Early Bilingual Development: The Role of Parental Beliefs and Attitudes.” In Bilingualism and migration, edited by Guus Extra, and Ludo Verhoeven, 75–96. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• De Houwer, Annick. 2007. “Parental Language Input Patterns and Children’s Bilingual Use.” Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 411–424. doi: 10.1017/S0142716407070221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Houwer, Annick. 2011. “Language Input Environments and Language Development in Bilingual Acquisition.” Applied Linguistics Review 2: 221–240. doi: 10.1515/9783110239331.221
   Google Scholar
• Dekeyser, Graziela. 2016. Meertaligheid in Antwerpen: een kinderblik. Leuven: KU Leuven.
   Google Scholar
• De Leersnyder, Jozefien, Batja Mesquita, and Heejung S. Kim. 2011. “Where Do My Emotions Belong? A Study of Immigrants’ Emotional Acculturation.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37 (4): 451–463. doi:10.1177/0146167211399103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leersnyder, Jozefien, Batja Mesquita, and Heejung Kim. 2013. “Emotional Acculturation.” In Changing Emotions, edited by Dirk Hermans, Bernard Rimé, and Batja Mesquita, 127–133. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc. 2004a. “The Emotional Force of Swearwords and Taboo Words in the Speech of Multilinguals.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25 (2–3): 204–222. doi:10.1080/01434630408666529.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc. 2004b. “Perceived Language Dominance and Language Preference for Emotional Speech.” In First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues, edited by Monika S. Schmid, Barbara Köpke, Merel Keijzer, and Lina Weilemar, 81–104. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc. 2010. Emotions in Multiple Languages. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc. 2012. ““Christ Fucking Shit Merde!” Language Preferences for Swearing Among Maximally Proficient Multilinguals.” Sociolinguistic Studies 4 (3): 595–614. doi:10.1558/sols.v4i3.595.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, Jean-Marc. 2017. “Taal en emotie. Over taal.” Tijdschrift over taal, tekst en communicatie 56: 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Doost, Hamid T. Neshat, Ali R. Moradi, Mohammad R. Taghavi, William Yule, and Tim Dalgleish. 1999. “The Development of a Corpus of Emotional Words Produced by Children and Adolescents.” Personality and Individual Differences 27 (3): 433–451. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00253-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, Judy. 2014. “Siblings and Socialization.” In Handbook of Socialization. Theory and Research, edited by Joan E. Grusec, and Paul D. Hastings, 309–327. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edele, Aileen, Seuring Julian, Kristen Cornelia, and Stanat Petra. 2015. “Why Bother with Testing? The Validity of Immigrants’ Self-assessed Language Proficiency.” Social Science Research 52: 99–123. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.12.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, Nancy, Adrienne Sadovsky, and Tracy L. Spinrad. 2005. “Associations of Emotion-Related Regulation with Language Skills, Emotion Knowledge, and Academic Outcomes.” New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2005 (109): 109–118. doi:10.1002/cd.143.
   Google Scholar
• Fargas-Malet, Montserrat, Dominic McSherry, Emma Larkin, and Clive Robinson. 2010. “Research with Children: Methodological Issues and Innovative Techniques.” Journal of Early Childhood Research 8 (2): 175–192. doi:10.1177/1476718X09345412.
   Google Scholar
• Ferré, Pilar, Teófilo García, Isabel Fraga, Rosa Sánchez-Casas, and Margarita Molero. 2010. “Memory for Emotional Words in Bilinguals: Do Words Have the Same Emotional Intensity in the First and in the Second Language?” Cognition & Emotion 24 (5): 760–785. doi:10.1080/02699930902985779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gafaranga, Joseph. 2010. “Medium Request: Talking Language Shift into Being.” Language in Society 39 (02). doi:10.1017/s0047404510000047.
   Google Scholar
• Grosjean, François. 2010. Bilingual. Life and Reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, Kate. 2017. “They Speak What Language to Whom?!.” Language & Communication 56: 42–54. doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2017.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, Catherine L., Jean Berko Gleason, and Ayse Aycicegi. 2006. “When is a First Language More Emotional? Psychophysiological Evidence from Bilingual Speakers.” In Bilingual Minds: Emotional Experience, Expression, and Representation, edited by Aneta Pavlenko, 257–283. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Havermans, Nele, Sofie Vanassche, and Koen Matthijs. 2015. “Methodological Challenges of Including Children in Family Research: Measurement Equivalence, Selection Bias and Social Desirability.” Child Indicators Research 8 (4): 975–997. doi: 10.1007/s12187-014-9275-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huynh, Que-Lam, Angela-MinhTu D. Nguyen, and Verónica Benet-Martínez. 2011. “Bicultural Identity Integration.” In Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, 827–842. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Izard, Carroll E. 2009. “Emotion Theory and Research: Highlights, Unanswered Questions, and Emerging Issues.” Annual Review of Psychology 60: 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javier, Rafael Art. 2007. The Bilingual Mind, Cognition and Language. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kheirkhah, Mina, and Asta Cekaite. 2017. “Siblings as Language Socialization Agents in Bilingual Families.” International Multilingual Research Journal, 1–18. doi:10.1080/19313152.2016.1273738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibler, Amanda K., Natalia Palacios, and Ashley Simpson Baird. 2014. “The Influence of Older Siblings on Language Use among Second-Generation Latino Preschoolers.” TESOL Quarterly 48 (1): 164–175. doi:10.1002/tesq.151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kind & Gezin. 2018. Number of Newborns by Language Spoken with Mother. Brussel: Kind & Gezin.
   Google Scholar
• King, Kendall A., and Lyn Fogle. 2006. “Bilingual Parenting as Good Parenting: Parents’ Perspectives on Family Language Policy for Additive Bilingualism.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 9 (6): 695–712. doi:10.2167/beb362.0.
   Google Scholar
• Kitayama, Shinobu, Batja Mesquita, and Mayumi Karasawa. 2006. “Cultural Affordances and Emotional Experience: Socially Engaging and Disengaging Emotions in Japan and the United States.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91 (5): 890–903. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levrau, François, Edith Piqueray, Idesbald Goddeeris, and Christiane Timmerman. 2014. “Polish Immigration in Belgium Since 2004: New Dynamics of Migration and Integration?” Ethnicities 14 (2): 303–323. doi:10.1177/1468796813504100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodewijckx, Edith. 2013. “Verkleuring in de centrumsteden. Een analyse van de gegevens uit het Rijksregister.” In Steden binnenstebuiten! Analyses op de Stadsmonitor 2011, edited by Luk Bral, and Hilde Schelfhout, 15–40. Brussel: Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering.
   Google Scholar
• Niiya, Y., P. C. Ellsworth, and S. Yamaguchi. 2006. “Amae in Japan and the United States: An Exploration of a ‘Culturally Unique’ Emotion.” Emotion 6 (2): 279–295. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novin, S., R. Banerjee, and C. Rieffe. 2012. “Bicultural Adolescents’ Anger Regulation: In Between Two Cultures?” Cognition & Emotion 26 (4): 577–586. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.592084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, Rhonda, and Nola Purdie. 1998. “The Attitudes of Bilingual Children to their Languages.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 19 (3): 199–211. doi:10.1080/01434639808666352.
   Google Scholar
• Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna. 2017. “Expression and Perception of Emotions by Polish–English Bilinguals I Love You vs. Kocham Cię.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2: 1–12. doi:10.1080/13670050.2016.1270893.
   Google Scholar
• Parada, Maryann. 2013. “Sibling Variation and Family Language Policy: The Role of Birth Order in the Spanish Proficiency and First Names of Second-Generation Latinos.” Journal of Language, Identity & Education 12 (5): 299–320. doi:10.1080/15348458.2013.835572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Seong Man, and Mela Sarkar. 2007. “Parents’ Attitudes Toward Heritage Language Maintenance for their Children and their Efforts to Help their Children Maintain the Heritage Language: A Case Study of Korean-Canadian Immigrants.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 20 (3): 223–235. doi:10.2167/lcc337.0.
   Google Scholar
• Pauwels, Anne. 2004. “Language Maintenance.” In The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, edited by Alan Davies, and Catherine Elder, 719–737. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, Aneta. 2004. “‘Stop Doing That, ia komu skazala!’: Language Choice and Emotions in Parent—Child Communication.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25 (2–3): 179–203. doi:10.1080/01434630408666528.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, Aneta. 2008. “Emotion and Emotion-laden Words in the Bilingual Lexicon.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11 (02): 147–164. doi:10.1017/S1366728908003283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pels, Trees, and Mariëtte De Haan. 2003. Continuity and Change in Moroccan Socialization: A Review of the Literature on Socialization in Morocco and among Moroccan Families in the Netherlands. Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Instituut.
   Google Scholar
• Pels, Trees, and Mariëtte De Haan. 2007. “Socialization Practices of Moroccan Families after Migration.” Young 15 (1): 71–89. doi:10.1177/1103308807072690.
   Google Scholar
• Perlovsky, L. 2009. “Language and Emotions: Emotional Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.” Neural Networks 22 (5–6): 518–526. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons, Francisco, Joanne Lawson, Paul L. Harris, and Marc de Rosnay. 2003. “Individual Differences in Children’s Emotion Understanding: Effects of Age and Language.” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 44 (4): 347–353. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies. The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pulinx, Reinhilde, Piet Van Avermaet, and Orhan Agirdag. 2017. “Silencing Linguistic Diversity: The Extent, the Determinants and Consequences of the Monolingual Beliefs of Flemish Teachers.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 20 (5): 542–556. doi:10.1080/13670050.2015.1102860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdie, Nola, Rhonda Oliver, Glenys Collard, and Judith Rochecouste. 2002. “Attitudes of Primary School Australian Aboriginal Children to their Linguistic Codes.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 21 (4): 410–421. doi:10.1177/026192702237957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, Kenneth H., William Bukowski, and Jeffery Parker. 2006. “Peer Interactions, Relationships and Groups.” In The Handbook of Child Psychology, edited by Nancy Eisenberg, 571–645. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Safdar, Saba, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, David Matsumoto, Seung Hee Yoo, Catherine T. Kwantes, Hisako Kakai, and Eri Shigemasu. 2009. “Variations of Emotional Display Rules within and across Cultures: A Comparison Between Canada, USA, and Japan.” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 41 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1037/a0014387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, Mila. 2008. “Exploring the Relationship Between Family Language Policy and Heritage Language Knowledge among Second Generation Russian–Jewish Immigrants in Israel.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 29 (5): 400–418. doi:10.1080/01434630802147916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, Mila, Victor Moin, and Mark Leikin. 2011. “Parents’ Discourses about Language Strategies for their Children’s Preschool Bilingual Development.” Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 5 (3): 149–166. doi:10.1080/15595692.2011.583505.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, Bernard. 2004. Language Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, Bernard. 2009. Language Management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, Bernard. 2012. “Family Language Policy – The Critical Domain.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1080/01434632.2011.638072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, Gillian, and Hiromi Ishizawa. 2007. “Variation among Siblings in the Use of a Non-English Language.” Journal of Family Issues 28 (8): 1008–1025. doi: 10.1177/0192513X07301433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering. 2016. Lokale Inburgerings- en Integratiemonitor. Brussel: Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering.
   Google Scholar
• Timmerman, C., E. Vanderwaeren, and M. Crul. 2003. “The Second Generation in Belgium.” International Migration Review 37: 1065–1090. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00170.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierzbicka, Anna. 1999. Emotions across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wierzbicka, Anna. 2004. “Preface: Bilingual Lives, Bilingual Experience.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25 (2–3): 94–104. doi:10.1080/01434630408666523.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Stephanie L., Vaishali V. Raval, Jennifer Salvina, Pratiksha H. Raval, and Ila N. Panchal. 2012. “Emotional Expression and Control in School-Age Children in India and the United States.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 58 (1): 50–76. doi:10.1353/mpq.2012.0005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, Gulsen. 2008. Multilingualism and Attrition: Turkish Immigrants in the Netherlands. Groningen: University of Groningen.
   Google Scholar