A History of Bilingual Education in the US: Examining the Politics of Language Policymaking

References

• Arias, M. B., M. T. Delgado, A. de Porcel, and R. Irizarry. 1977. “Response to AIR Study ‘Evaluation of the Impact of ESEA Title VII Spanish/English Bilingual Education Program.” Hearings of the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Congress of the United States, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Cardenas, J. A. 1977. The AIR Evaluation of the Impact of ESEA Title VII Spanish/English Bilingual Education Programs: An IDRA Response with a Summary by Dr. Jose A. Cardenas. Intercultural Development Research Association.
   Google Scholar
• Cervantes, R. A. 1979. Exemplary consafic chingatropicassessments: The AIR report. (Vol. 2). California State University, National Dissemination and Assessment Center.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, J. 2004. Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom (5th edition). Bilingual Education Services, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Escamilla, K. 2018. “Growing up with the Bilingual Education Act: One educator’s journey.” Bilingual Research Journal 41 (4): 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2018.1529641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire, J. A. 2016. “Nepantleras/os and their Teachers in Dual Language Education: Developing Sociopolitical Consciousness to Contest Language Education Policies.” Association of Mexican American Educators Journal 10 (1). https://amaejournal.utsa.edu/index.php/AMAE/article/view/190
   Google Scholar
• Freire, J. A. 2021. “Conscientization Calls: A White Dual Language Educator’s Development of Sociopolitical Consciousness and Commitment to Social Justice.” Education and Urban Society 53 (2): 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124520928608.
   Google Scholar
• Gándara, P. 2015. “Charting the Relationship of English Learners and the ESEA: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 1 (3): 112–128. https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.06.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, T. 1977. Response to AIR Study “Evaluation of the Impact of ESEA Title VII Spanish/English Bilingual Education Program.”. Center for Applied Linguistics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED138122
   Google Scholar
• Heiman, D., and E. Murakami. 2019. ““It Was Like a Magnet to Bring People In”: School Administrators’ Responses to the Gentrification of a Two-Way Bilingual Education (TWBE) Program in Central Texas.” Journal of School Leadership 29 (6): 454–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684619864702.
   Google Scholar
• Heiman, D., and M. Yanes. 2018. “Centering the Fourth Pillar in Times of TWBE Gentrification: “Spanish, Love, Content, Not in That Order.”.” International Multilingual Research Journal 12 (3): 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2018.1474064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloss, H. 1998. The American Bilingual Tradition (1st edition). Center for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Molina, J. C. 1978. “National policy on bilingual education: An historical view of the federal role.” In Bilingual Education (Unabridged.), edited by B. Persky, L. Golubchick, and H. La Fontaine. Avery Publishing Group. https://www.biblio.com/book/bilingual-education-persky-barry-editor-golubchick/d/869420460
   Google Scholar
• Moore, S. C. K. 2008. “Lau v. Nichols, enforcement documents.” In Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education (1st edition), edited by J. González. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, D. S. C. K. 2021. A History of Bilingual Education in the US: Examining the Politics of Language Policymaking. Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas, P. M. 1948. “The Teaching of English as a Modern Foreign Language.” College English 9 (6): 322–326. https://doi.org/10.2307/372614.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. E. 1942. “The effect of bilingual background on college aptitude scores and grade point ratios earned by students at the University of Hawaii.” Journal of Educational Psychology 33 (5): 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055881.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, B. 2003. Language Policy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615245
   Google Scholar
• Tireman, L. S. 1944. “Bilingual Children.” Review of Educational Research 14 (3): 273–278. https://doi.org/10.2307/1168546.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, B. (Ed.) 1982. American education and the European immigrant, 1840-1940. University of Illinois Press. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/American-education-and-the-European-immigrant%2C-Weiss/82b5cc96387d81aceefb22b2583710eca6ac9dce
   Google Scholar
• Wiley, T. G. 1998. “The imposition of World War I-era English-only policies and the fate of German in North America.” In Language and Politics in the United States and Canada: Myths and Realities, edited by T. K. Ricento, and B. Burnaby. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603890
   Google Scholar
• Wiley, T. G. 2019. “The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Bilingual Education in California and the Ongoing American Dilemma.” In Language Politics and Policies: Perspectives from Canada and the United States, edited by T. Ricento, 135–152. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108684804.008
   Google Scholar