40,654
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

The 2023 Practitioner’s Toolkit for Managing Menopause

ORCID Icon, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 517-536 | Received 10 Sep 2023, Accepted 11 Sep 2023, Published online: 30 Oct 2023

References

  • Jane FM, Davis SR. A practitioner’s toolkit for managing the menopause. Climacteric. 2014;17(5):564–579. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2014.929651.
  • Bell RJ, Lijovic M, Fradkin P, et al. A pragmatic approach to the classification of menopausal status for community-based research. Menopause. 2008;15(5):978–983. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318162c487.
  • Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010;182(18):E839–42. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090449.
  • Meeta DL, Agarwal N, Vaze N, et al. Clinical practice guideline on menopause, 2nd ed. India: Indian Menopause Society; 2020.
  • Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Malaysia MMS. Clinical practice guidelines management of menopause in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Malaysia, Malaysian Menopause Society; 2022.
  • Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):3975–4011. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2236.
  • Ortmann O, Beckermann MJ, Inwald EC, et al. Peri- and postmenopause-diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;302(3):763–777. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05682-4.
  • Inwald EC, Albring C, Baum E, et al. Perimenopause and postmenopause – diagnosis and interventions. Guideline of the DGGG and OEGGG (S3-Level, AWMF registry number 015-062, september 2020). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2021;81(6):612–636. doi: 10.1055/a-1361-1948.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Clinical guidelines. Menopause: full guideline. London (UK): National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2015.
  • Carpenter J, Gass MLS, Maki PM, et al. Nonhormonal management of menopause-Associated vasomotor symptoms: 2015 position statement of the North American menopause society. Menopause. 2015;22(11):1155–1174.
  • The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of the North American menopause society. Menopause. 2023;30(6):573–590.
  • Davis SR, Lambrinoudaki I, Lumsden MA, et al. Menopause. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1(1):15004. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.4.
  • Singh M. Early age of natural menopause in India, a biological marker for early preventive health programs. Climacteric. 2012;15(6):581–586. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2011.643514.
  • Qiu C, Chen H, Wen J, et al. Associations between age at menarche and menopause with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(4):1612–1621. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2919.
  • Gold EB, Crawford SL, Avis NE, et al. Factors related to age at natural menopause: longitudinal analyses from SWAN. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(1):70–83. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws421.
  • Castelo-Branco C, Blumel JE, Chedraui P, et al. Age at menopause in Latin America. Menopause. 2006;13(4):706–712. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000227338.73738.2d.
  • Tesarik J, Galan-Lazaro M, Mendoza-Tesarik R. Ovarian aging: molecular mechanisms and medical management. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1371.
  • Richardson SJ, Senikas V, Nelson JF. Follicular depletion during the menopausal transition: evidence for accelerated loss and ultimate exhaustion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65(6):1231–1237. doi: 10.1210/jcem-65-6-1231.
  • Nelson SM, Davis SR, Kalantaridou S, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone for the diagnosis and prediction of menopause: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2023;29(3):327–346. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac045.
  • Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall JE, et al. Executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(4):1159–1168. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-3362.
  • Skiba MA, Bell RJ, Islam RM, et al. Androgens during the reproductive years, What’s normal for women? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(11):5382–5392. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01357.
  • Davison SL, Bell R, Donath S, et al. Androgen levels in adult females: changes with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):3847–3853. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-0212.
  • Burger HG, Dudley EC, Cui J, et al. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels through the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(8):2832–2838. doi: 10.1210/jc.85.8.2832.
  • Judd HL, Lucas WE, Yen SSC. Effect of oopherectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974;118(6):793–798. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90490-6.
  • Soman M, Huang LC, Cai WH, et al. Serum androgen profiles in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2019;26(1):78–93. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001161.
  • Van Look PF, Lothian H, Hunter WM, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function in perimenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol. 1977;7(1):13–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb02936.x.
  • Islam RM, Bell RJ, Billah B, et al. Prevalence and severity of vasomotor symptoms and joint pain in women at midlife in Bangladesh: a population-based survey. Menopause. 2016;23(7):731–739. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000615.
  • Maki PM, Jaff NG. Brain fog in menopause: a health-care professional’s guide for decision-making and counseling on cognition. Climacteric. 2022;25(6):570–578. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2122792.
  • Gartoulla P, Worsley R, Bell RJ, et al. Moderate-severe vasomotor and sexual symptoms remain problematic for 60-65 year old women. Menopause. 2015;22(7):694–701. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000383.
  • Zeleke BM, Bell RJ, Billah B, et al. Vasomotor and sexual symptoms in older Australian women: a cross-sectional study. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(1):149–155 e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.017.
  • Gartoulla P, Bell RJ, Worsley R, et al. Moderate-severely bothersome vasomotor symptoms are associated with lowered psychological general wellbeing in women at midlife. Maturitas. 2015;81(4):487–492. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.06.004.
  • Fooladi E, Bell RJ, Masoumi M, et al. Bothersome menopausal symptoms amongst postmenopausal iranian women. Climacteric. 2018;21(6):586–593. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1493452.
  • Worsley R, Bell RJ, Gartoulla P, et al. Moderate-severe vasomotor symptoms are associated with moderate-severe depressive symptoms. J Womens Health. 2017;26(7):712–718. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6142.
  • Akiko S, Kawaharada M. Associations between hot flashes, obesity, sense of coherence and qol among japanese farmers and part-time workers. Climacteric. 2011;14:187.
  • Chuni N, Sreeramareddy CT. Frequency of symptoms, determinants of severe symptoms, validity of and cut-off score for Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) as a screening tool: a cross-sectional survey among midlife Nepalese women. BMC Womens Health. 2011;11(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-30.
  • Olaolorun FM, Lawoyin TO. Experience of menopausal symptoms by women in an urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. Menopause. 2009;16(4):822–830. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318198d6e7.
  • Waidyasekera H, Wijewardena K, Lindmark G, et al. Menopausal symptoms and quality of life during the menopausal transition in Sri Lankan women. Menopause. 2009;16(1):164–170. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31817a8abd.
  • Appiah D, Nwabuo CC, Ebong IA, et al. Trends in age at natural menopause and reproductive life span among US women, 1959–2018. JAMA. 2021;325(13):1328–1330. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0278.
  • Gottschalk MS, Eskild A, Hofvind S, et al. Temporal trends in age at menarche and age at menopause: a population study of 312 656 women in Norway. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(2):464–471. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez288.
  • Davis SR, Baber R, Panay N, et al. Global consensus position statement on the use of testosterone therapy for women. Climacteric. 2019;22(5):429–434. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1637079.
  • Ng E, Sztal-Mazer S, Davis SR. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: a diagnosis of exclusion. Med J Aust. 2022;216(2):73–76. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51376.
  • Yoh K, Ikeda K, Horie K, et al. Roles of estrogen, estrogen receptors, and Estrogen-Related receptors in skeletal muscle: regulation of mitochondrial function. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3):1853.
  • Gartoulla P, Worsley R, Bell RJ, et al. Moderate to severe vasomotor and sexual symptoms remain problematic for women aged 60 to 65 years. Menopause. 2018;25(11):1331–1338. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001237.
  • Kroenke CH, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML, et al. Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on vasomotor symptoms in the women’s health initiative. Menopause. 2012;19(9):980–988. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31824f606e.
  • Elraiyah T, Sonbol MB, Wang Z, et al. Clinical review: the benefits and harms of systemic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in postmenopausal women with normal adrenal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(10):3536–3542. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-2261.
  • Langrish JP, Mills NL, Bath LE, et al. Cardiovascular effects of physiological and standard sex steroid replacement regimens in premature ovarian failure. Hypertension. 2009;53(5):805–811. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.126516.
  • Klipping C, Duijkers I, Parke S, et al. Hemostatic effects of a novel estradiol-based oral contraceptive: an open-label, randomized, crossover study of estradiol valerate/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel. Drugs R D. 2011;11(2):159–170. doi: 10.2165/11591200-000000000-00000.
  • Chrisman C, Ribeiro P, Dalton VK. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: an updated review of the contraceptive and noncontraceptive uses. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50(4):886–897. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318159c0d9.
  • Pinkerton JV, Abraham L, Bushmakin AG, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for secondary outcomes including vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women by years since menopause in the selective estrogens, menopause and response to therapy (SMART) trials. J Womens Health. 2014;23(1):18–28. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4392.
  • Mirkin S, Komm BS, Pan K, et al. Effects of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens on endometrial safety and bone in postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2013;16(3):338–346. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2012.717994.
  • Nijland EA, Weijmar Schultz WC, Nathorst BJ, et al. Tibolone and transdermal E2/NETA for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction in naturally menopausal women: results of a randomized active-controlled trial. J Sex Med. 2008;5(3):646–656. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00726.x.
  • Portman DJ, Bachmann GA, Simon JA. Ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator for treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Menopause. 2013;20(6):623–630. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318279ba64.
  • Simon J, Portman D, Mabey RG.Jr. Long-term safety of ospemifene (52-week extension) in the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2014;77(3):274–281. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.12.005.
  • Islam RM, Bell RJ, Green S, et al. Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(10):754–766. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30189-5.
  • NIH-Pannel. NIH state-of-the-Science conference statement on management of menopause-related symptoms. Annals Internal Med. 2005;142(12):1003–1–13.
  • Welton AJ, Vickers MR, Kim J, et al. Health related quality of life after combined hormone replacement therapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;337(2):a1190–a1190. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1190.
  • Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10: CD008536.
  • Whedon JM, KizhakkeVeettil A, Rugo NA, et al. Bioidentical estrogen for menopausal depressive symptoms: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Womens Health. 2017;26(1):18–28. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5628.
  • Zhang J, Yin J, Song X, et al. The effect of exogenous estrogen on depressive mood in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;162:21–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.002.
  • Rossouw J, Anderson G, Prentice R, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women’s health initiative randomised controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–333.
  • Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the women’s health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–1712.
  • Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2020;371:m3873. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3873.
  • Fournier A, Fabre A, Mesrine S, et al. Use of different postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined invasive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(8):1260–1268. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.4338.
  • Archer DF, Hendrix S, Ferenczy A, et al. Tibolone histology of the endometrium and breast endpoints study: design of the trial and endometrial histology at baseline in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(4):866–878. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.052.
  • Cummings SR, Ettinger B, Delmas PD, et al. The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(7):697–708. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0800743.
  • Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, et al. Effects of low-dose, continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on sleep in symptomatic postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2005;50(2):91–97. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.04.006.
  • Johnson KA, Martin N, Nappi RE, et al. Efficacy and safety of fezolinetant in moderate-to-Severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause: a phase 3 RCT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(8):1981–1997. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad058.
  • Simon JA, Gaines T, LaGuardia KD. Extended-release oxybutynin therapy for vasomotor symptoms in women: a randomized clinical trial. Menopause. 2016;23(11):1214–1221. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000773.
  • Bolli P, Simpson FO. Clonidine in menopausal flushing: a double-blind trial. N Z Med J. 1975;82(548):196–197.
  • Pandya KJ, Raubertas RF, Flynn PJ, et al. Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(10):788–793. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00004.
  • Lavigne JE, Heckler C, Mathews JL, et al. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial of gabapentin 300 versus 900 mg versus placebo for anxiety symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;136(2):479–486. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2251-x.
  • Pandya KJ, Morrow GR, Roscoe JA, et al. Gabapentin for hot flashes in 420 women with breast cancer: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9488):818–824. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67215-7.
  • Elkins GR, Fisher WI, Johnson AK, et al. Clinical hypnosis in the treatment of postmenopausal hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2013;20(3):291–298. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31826ce3ed.
  • Lipov EG, Joshi JR, Sanders S, et al. Effects of stellate-ganglion block on hot flushes and night awakenings in survivors of breast cancer: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(6):523–532. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70131-1.
  • Pasco JA, Seeman E, Henry MJ, et al. The population burden of fractures originates in women with osteopenia, not osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(9):1404–1409. doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0135-9.
  • Tatangelo G, Watts J, Lim K, et al. The cost of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and associated fractures in Australia in 2017. J Bone Miner Res. 2019;34(4):616–625. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3640.
  • National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health. Menopause. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2015.
  • The North American menopause S. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of the North American menopause society. Menopause. 2021;28(9):973–997.
  • Crandall CJ, Larson J, Gourlay ML, et al. Osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women 50 to 64 years old: comparison of US preventive services task force strategy and two traditional strategies in the women’s health initiative. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(7):1661–1666. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2174.
  • Gourlay ML, Miller WC, Richy F, et al. Performance of osteoporosis risk assessment tools in postmenopausal women aged 45-64 years. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(8):921–927. doi: 10.1007/s00198-004-1775-2.
  • Cadarette SM, Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, et al. Development and validation of the osteoporosis risk assessment instrument to facilitate selection of women for bone densitometry. CMAJ. 2000;162(9):1289–1294.
  • Davis SR, Tan A, Bell RJ. Targeted assessment of fracture risk in women at midlife. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(6):1705–1712. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3046-9.
  • Siris ES, Brenneman SK, Miller PD, et al. Predictive value of low BMD for 1-year fracture outcomes is similar for postmenopausal women ages 50-64 and 65 and older: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(8):1215–1220. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040508.
  • Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(1):3–44. doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5.
  • Ghannam S, Blaney H, Gelfond J, et al. The use of FRAX in identifying women less than 65 years needing bone mineral density testing. J Clin Densitom. 2021;24(1):36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.05.002.
  • Greendale GA, Sowers M, Han W, et al. Bone mineral density loss in relation to the final menstrual period in a multiethnic cohort: results from the Study of Women’s Health across the Nation (SWAN). J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(1):111–118. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.534.
  • Qaseem A, Hicks LA, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of primary osteoporosis or low bone mass to prevent fractures in adults: a living clinical guideline from the American college of physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(2):224–238. doi: 10.7326/M22-1034.
  • Miller PD, Barlas S, Brenneman SK, et al. An approach to identifying osteopenic women at increased short-term risk of fracture. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(10):1113–1120. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1113.
  • Siris ES, Simon JA, Barton IP, et al. Effects of risedronate on fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(5):681–686. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0493-y.
  • Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the women’s health initiative randomized trial. Jama. 2003;290(13):1729–1738. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.13.1729.