Neo‐medievalism in Africa: Whither government‐to‐government relations between Africa and the European union?

Notes

• Clapham , Christopher . 1996 . Africa and the International System. The Politics of State Survival , 77 – 105 . Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
   Google Scholar
• Bull , Hedley . 1977/94 . The Anarchical Society. A Study of Order in World Politics , 255 254 Houndmills , UK : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , Robert H. 1990 . Quasi‐states: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
   Google Scholar
• Croft , Stuart . 1997 . ‘Review Article. International Relations and Africa’ . African Affairs , 385 : 607 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Dickson , Ann K. 1997 . Development and International Relations: A Critical Introduction , Cambridge : Policy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Neuman , Stephanie G. 1998 . “ ‘International Relations Theory and the Third World: An Oxymoron?’ ” . In International Relations Theory and the Third World , Edited by: Neuman , Stephanie G. 1 – 29 . NY : St Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waltz , Kenneth . 1979 . Theory of International Politics , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Bøås , Morten and Dokken , Karin . 2002 . Internasjonal Politikk og Utenrikspolitik i Afrika sør for Sahara , 159 Oslo : Universitetsforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen , Georg . 2001 . Changes in Statehood. The Transformation of International Relations , Houndmills , UK : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Chabal , Patrick and Daloz , Jean‐Pascal . 1999 . Africa Works Disorder as Political Instrument , 124 – 38 . Oxford : James Currey .
   Google Scholar
• Bretherton , Charlotte and Vogler , John . 1999 . The European Union as a Global Actor , 44 248 – 58 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Moravscik , A. 1993 . ‘Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Approach’ . The Journal of Common Market Studies , 31/4 : 473 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moravcsik , A. 1999 . ‘Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics . International Organization , 51/4 : 513 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , Christopher . 1993 . ‘The Capability‐Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe's International Role’ . The Journal of Common Market Studies , 31/3 : 305 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , Christopher and Wallace , W. 1996 . “ ‘Introduction: Actors and Actions’ ” . In The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy , Edited by: Hill , C. 1 – 16 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cafruny , A. and Peters , P. 1998 . “ ‘EU foreign policy: From Maastricht to Amsterdam” . In The Union and the World: Economy of a Common European Foreign Policy , Edited by: Cafruny , A. and Peters , P. 1 – 10 . The Hague : Kluwer Law International .
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank . 2000 . Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? , 57ff Washington DC : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Department for International Development (DFID) . March 2001 . The Causes of Conflict in Africa , March , 8 London : DFID . consultation doc.
   Google Scholar
• Reno , William . 1998 . Warlord Politics and Africa States , Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . ‘African Weak States and Commercial Alliances’ . African Affairs , 383 : 165 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Pinkney , Robert . 2001 . The International Politics of East Africa , Manchester UP .
   Google Scholar
• Ayoobi , Mohammed . 1995 . The Third World Security Predicament._Statemaking, Regional Conflict and the International System , Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• Chabal , Patrick and Daloz , Jean‐Pascal . 1998 . Africa Works. Disorder as Political Instrument , Oxford : James Currey .
   Google Scholar
• Reno . Warlord Politics , 61ff (note 21)
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , Ian and Williams , Paul . 2001 . ‘South Africa Foreign Policy and the Great Lakes Crisis: African renaissance meets “Vagabondage Politique?'” . African Affairs , 100 : 265 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nest , Michael . 2001 . ‘Ambitions, Profits and Loss: Zimbabwean Economic Involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’ . African Affairs , 100 : 469 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , John F. 2001 . ‘Explaining Ugandan Intervention in Congo: Evidence and Interpretations’ . The Journal of Modern African Studies , 39/2 : 261 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , Guy . 1999 . Mercenaries. The Scourge of the Third World , 118ff Houndmills , UK : Macmillan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shearer , David . 1998 . ‘Outsourcing War’ . Foreign Policy , 112 Fall : 70
   Google Scholar
• Francis , David J. 1999 . ‘Mercenary Intervention in Sierra Leone: Providing National Security or International Exploitation?’ . Third World Quarterly , 20/2 : 322
   Google Scholar
• Clapham , Christopher . 2000 . “ ‘African Security Systems: Privatisation and the Scope for Mercenary Activity’ ” . In The Privatisation of Security in Africa , Edited by: Mills , Greg and Stremlau , John . 23 – 45 . Johannesburg : S. African Inst. of Int. Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Reno . Warlord Politics , 72 (note 21)
   Google Scholar
• Lock , Peter . 1998/2 . ‘The Withering Military in sub‐Saharan Africa: New Roles for the Private Security Industry?’ . Afrika Spectrum , : l46ff
   Google Scholar
• Hyden , Gorden . “ ‘Rethinking the Study of African Politics’ ” . In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa , Edited by: Olowu , D. , Williams , A. and Soremekum , K. 9 – 27 . Oxford : CODERESIA .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , Chris . 1999 . ‘Africa and the Drugs Trade’ . Review of African Political Economy , 26/79 : 8
   Google Scholar
• Harriss‐White , Barbara . 2002 . “ ‘Globalization, Insecurities and Responses: An Introductory Essay’ ” . In Globalization and Insecurity. Political, Economic and Physical Challenges , 27 Houndmills , UK : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Bayart , Jean‐Francois , Ellis , Stephen and Hibou , Béatrice . 1999 . “ ‘From Kleptocracy to the Felonious State?’ ” . In The Criminalization of the State in Africa , Edited by: Bayart , Jean‐Francois . 31 25 3 – 4 . 16 – 17 . Oxford : James Currey .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , Stephen . “ ‘The New Frontiers of Crime in South Africa’ ” . Edited by: Bayart . 64 (note 43)
   Google Scholar
• Reno . Warlord Politics , 49 (note 21)
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , Henry . 1999 . ‘Ghana's Drug Economy: Some Preliminary Data’ . Review of African Political Economy , 79/26 : 13
   Google Scholar
• Reno . Warlord Politics , 49 (note 21)
   Google Scholar
• Klein , Alex . 1999 . ‘Nigeria and the Drugs War’ . Review of African Political Economy , 79/26 : 56
   Google Scholar
• Willett , Susan . “ ‘Globalization and the Means of Destruction: Physical Insecurity and the Weapons Industry at the Turn of the Millennium’ ” . In Globalization and Insecurity Edited by: Harriss‐White . 192 – 3 . (note 41)
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , Myron and Münz , Rainer . 1997 . ‘Migrants, Refugees and Foreign Policy: Prevention and Intervention Strategies’ . Third World Quarterly , 18/1 : 27
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR . 2000 . The State of the World's Refugees 2000 , 169 Oxford : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , Michael T. 1999 . ‘"Fortress Europe” and the Third World Immigrations in the post‐Cold War Global Context’ . Third World Quarterly , 20/4 : 830
   Google Scholar
• Mupedziswa , Rodreck . 2001 . “ ‘Africa's Refugee Crisis’ ” . In Social Problems in Africa. New Visions , Edited by: Rwomire , Apollo . 204f Westport , CT : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Reno . Warlord Politics , 71 (note 21)
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro , Joao de . 1999 . Peace‐Building and Conflict Prevention in Africa , Brussels : European Commission, Directorate General for Development .
   Google Scholar
• Landgraf , Martin . “ ‘Peace‐Building and Conflict Prevention in Africa: A View from the European Commission’ ” . In Gewaltsame Konflikt und ihre Prevention in Afrika , Edited by: Engel , H. and Mehler , A. Hamburg : Inst. für Afrika . nd
   Google Scholar
• 2000 . ‘Africa‐Europe Summit under the Aegis of the OAU and the EU’ . Cairo , 3–4 April
   Google Scholar
• Bourque , Andre and Sampson , Peter . July 2001 . The European Union's Political and Development Response to the Democratic Republic of the Congo , ECDPM Discusion Paper 28 July , 11 Maastricht : ECDPM .
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 24 Jan. 2002 . Review of the Common Position Concerning Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution in Africa 24 Jan. , 3 4 22 Brussels 5603/1/02/ REV 1, PESC 29
   Google Scholar
• Lilly , Damian . Nov. 1998 . From Mercenaries to Private Security Companies: Options for Future Policy Research ('International Alert’ Nov. , 5
   Google Scholar
• 26 May 1999 . Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on a European Union Action Plan to Combat Drugs (2000–2004) 26 May , 29 Brussels Com (1999) 239 final. 1999,
   Google Scholar
• 7 June 2000 . EU Action Plan on Drugs 2000–2004 7 June , Brussels Press Release
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . Official Journal of the European Communities , 15 Jan.
   Google Scholar
• Peel , Quentin . 2002 . ‘Europe's Immigration Muddle’ . Financial Times , 24 June
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen , Ninna Nyberg , Hear , Nicholas Van and Engberg‐Pedersen , P. 2002 . The Migration‐Development Nexus. Evidence and Policy Options. State of the Art Overview , Working papers, no. 02.6 14 Copenhagen : CDR .
   Google Scholar
• Lavenex , Sandra . 2001 . ‘The Europeanization of Refugee Policies: Normative Challenges and Institutional Legacies’ . Journal of Common Market Studies , 39/5 : 851 868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2002 . The Economist , 29 June : 30 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• 2002 . Financial Times , 13 June
   Google Scholar
• Presidency Conclusion . Seville European Council 21 and 22 June 2002 Council 10 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , Stephen and Killingray , David . 2002 . ‘Africa after 11 September 2001’ . African Affairs , 101 : 5 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walle , Nicolas van de . 1999 . ‘Aid's Crisis of Legitimacy: Current Proposals and Future Prospects’ . African Affairs , 98/392 : 339 340 352
   Google Scholar
• Riddello , Roger . 1999 . ‘The End of Foreign Aid to Africa? Concerns about Donor Policies’ . African Affairs , 98/392 : 311 332 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Thérien , Jean‐Philippe and Lloyd , C. 2000 . ‘Development Assistance on the Brink’ . Third World Quarterly , 21/1 : 21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar