Personality, Adjustment, and Identity Style Influences on Stability in Identity and Self-Concept During the Transition to University

REFERENCES

• Baumeister , R. F. ( 1987 ). How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 , 163 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaumont , S. L. ( 2009 ). Identity processing and personal wisdom: An information-oriented identity style predicts self-actualization and self-transcendence . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 9 , 95 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. ( 1989 ). Identity style: Conceptualization and measurement . Journal of Adolescent Research , 4 , 268 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. ( 1992 ). Identity Style Inventory (ISI3): Revised version . Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, State University of New York , Cortland , NY .
   Google Scholar
• Berzsonsky , M. D. ( 1994 ). Self-identity: The relationship between process and content . Journal of Research in Personality , 28 , 453 – 460 .
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. ( 1997 ). [Reliability data for the third revision of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI3)]. Unpublished raw data.
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. ( 2003 ). Identity style and well-being: Does commitment matter? Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 3 , 131 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. ( 2004 ). Identity style, parental authority, and identity commitment . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 33 , 213 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Ferrari , J. R. ( 1996 ). Identity orientation and decisional strategies . Personality and Individual Differences , 20 , 597 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Kuk , L. S. ( 2000 ). Identity status, identity processing style, and the transition to university . Journal of Adolescent Research , 15 , 81 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Kuk , L. S. ( 2005 ). Identity style, psychosocial maturity, and academic performance . Personality and Individual Differences , 39 , 235 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Luyckx , K. ( 2008 ). Identity styles, self-reflective cognition and identity processes: A study of adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of self-analysis . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 8 , 205 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Neimeyer , G. J. ( 1994 ). Ego identity status and identity processing orientation: The moderating role of commitment . Journal of Research in Personality , 28 , 425 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. , & Sullivan , C. ( 1992 ). Social-cognitive aspects of identity style: Need for cognition, experiential openness, and introspection . Journal of Adolescent Research , 7 , 140 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Block , J. ( 1961 ). Ego—Identity, role variability, and adjustment . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 25 , 392 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma , H. A. , & Kunnen , E. S. ( 2001 ). Determinants and mechanisms in ego identity development: A review and synthesis . Developmental Review , 21 , 39 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickman , P. ( 1987 ). Commitment, conflict, and caring . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. D. ( 1990 ). Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 , 538 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. D. , Assanand , S. , & Paula , A. D. ( 2003 ). The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment . Journal of Personality , 71 , 115 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , J. D. , Trapnell , P. D. , Heine , S. J. , Katz , I. M. , Lavallee , L. F. , & Lehman , D. R. ( 1996 ). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 , 141 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. , & Scheier , M. F. ( 1982 ). Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality—Social, clinical, and health psychology . Psychological Bulletin , 92 , 111 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler , M. , Lalonde , C. , Sokol , B. , & Hallett , D. ( 2003 ). Personal persistence, identity development, and suicide: A study of Native and Non-Native North American adolescents . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 68 ( 2 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocetti , E. , Rubini , M. , Berzonsky , M. D. , & Meeus , W. (2009). Brief report: The Identity Style Inventory―Validation in Italian adolescents and college students. Journal of Adolescence , 32, 425–433.
   Google Scholar
• Crocetti , E. , Rubini , M. , & Meeus , W. ( 2008 ). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model . Journal of Adolescence , 31 , 207 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csank , P. A. R. , & Conway , M. ( 2004 ). Engaging in self-reflection changes self-concept clarity: On differences between women and men, and low- and high-clarity individuals . Sex Roles , 50 , 469 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollinger , S. M. C. ( 1995 ). Identity styles and the five-factor model of personality . Journal of Research in Personality , 29 , 475 – 479 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkel , C. S. ( 2005 ). The relation between self-continuity and measures of identity . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 5 , 21 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Erikson , E. H. ( 1968 ). Identity: Youth and crisis . New York , NY : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. ( 1991 ). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age . Cambridge , United Kingdom : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , S. ( 1999 ). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , E. A. ( 1995 ). Self-deceptive coping: Adaptive only in ambiguous contexts . Journal of Personality , 63 , 759 – 790 .
   Google Scholar
• Judd , C. M. , & Sadler , M. S. ( 2003 ). The analysis of correlational data . In M. C. Roberts , & S. S. Ilardi (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 115 – 137 ). Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Kroger , J. ( 2007 ). Why is identity development so elusive? Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 7 , 331 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Kunnen , E. S. , Sappa , V. , van Geert , P. L. C. , & Bonica , L. ( 2008 ). The shapes of commitment development in emerging adulthood . Journal of Adult Development , 15 , 113 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavallee , L. E , & Campbell , J. D. ( 1995 ). Impact of personal goals on self-regulation processes elicited by daily negative events . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 , 341 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary , M. R. , Tate , E. B. , Adams , C. E. , Allen , A. B. , & Hancock , J. ( 2007 ). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 92 , 887 – 904 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linville , P. W. ( 1985 ). Self-complexity and affective extremity: Don't put all of your eggs in one cognitive basket . Social Cognition , 3 , 94 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linville , P. W. ( 1987 ). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 , 663 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyckx , K. , Soenens , B. , Berzonsky , M. D. , Smits , I. , Goossens , L. , & Vansteenkiste , M. ( 2007 ). Information-oriented identity processing, identity consolidation, and well-being: The moderating role of autonomy, self-reflection, and self-rumination . Personality and Individual Differences , 43 , 1099 – 1111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcia , J. E. ( 1966 ). Development and validation of ego identity status . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 3 , 551 – 558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , K. D. ( 2003a ). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself . Self and Identity , 2 , 85 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , K. D. ( 2003b ). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion . Self and Identity , 2 , 223 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. ( 2000 ). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 , 504 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurmi , J. E. , Berzonsky , M. D. , Tammi , K. , & Kinney , A. (1997). Identity processing orientation, cognitive and behavioural strategies and well-being. International Journal of Behavioral Development , 21, 555–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus , D. L. ( 1991 ). Measurement and control of response bias . In J. P. Robinson , P. R. Shaver , & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychology attitudes (pp. 17 – 59 ). New York , NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Paulhus , D. L. ( 1998 ). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 , 1197 – 1208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus , D. L. , & John , O. P. ( 1998 ). Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception: The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives . Journal of Personality , 66 , 1025 – 1060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus , D. L. , & Reid , D. B. ( 1991 ). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 , 307 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham , B. W. , & Swann , W. B. Jr. ( 1989 ). From self-conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 , 672 – 680 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , T. M. ( 2009 ). Does social desirability bias distort results on the ego identity process questionnaire or the identity style inventory? Identity: An International Journal of Research and Theory , 9 , 87 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Polanyi , M. ( 1968 ). Logic and psychology . American Psychologist , 23 , 27 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , C. R. ( 1959 ). A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework . In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science Vol. 3 , (pp. 184 – 256 ). New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. ( 1965 ). Society and the adolescent self-image . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Seaton , C. L. , & Beaumont , S. L. ( 2008 ). Individual differences in identity styles predict proactive forms of positive adjustment . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 8 , 249 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Soenens , B. , Duriez , B. , & Goossens , L. ( 2005 ). Social-psychological profiles of identity styles: Attitudinal and social-cognitive correlates in late adolescence . Journal of Adolescence , 28 , 107 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. , & Fidell , L. S. ( 2007 ). Using multivariate statistics () , 5th ed. . New York , NY : Allyn & Rose .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , C. ( 1989 ). Sources of the self . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , C. ( 1991 ). The malaise of modernity . Toronto , Ontario , Canada : Anansi .
   Google Scholar
• Trapnell , P. D. , & Campbell , J. D. ( 1999 ). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76 , 284 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar