Publication Cover
Identity
An International Journal of Theory and Research
Volume 14, 2014 - Issue 1
720
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Psychometric Evaluation of the Six-Item Version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure with East Asian Adolescents in Canada

, , &

REFERENCES

  • Avery , D. R. , Tonidandel , S. , Thomas , K. M. , Johnson , C. D. , & Mack , D. A. (2007). Assessing the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure for measurement equivalence across racial and ethnic groups. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 67, 877–888. doi: 10.1177/0013164406299105
  • Berry , J. W. ( 2003 ). Conceptual approaches to acculturation . In K. M. Chun , P. Balls Organista , & G. Marín (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research . (pp. 17 – 37 ). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association . doi: 10.1037/10472–004
  • Berry , J. W. , Phinney , J. S. , Sam , D. L. , & Vedder , P. ( 2006 ). Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Brannick , M. T. ( 1995 ). Critical comment on applying covariance structure modeling . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 16 , 201 – 213 . doi: 10.1002/job.4030160303
  • Breinbauer , C. , & Matilde , M. ( 2005 ). Youth: Choices and change. Promoting healthy behaviors in adolescents (Report No. 594) . Washington, DC : Pan American Health Organization .
  • Brown , T. A. ( 2006 ). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research . New York, NY : Guilford Press .
  • Browne , M. W. , & Cudeck , R. ( 1992 ). Alternative ways of assessing model fit . Sociological Methods and Research , 21 , 230 – 258 . doi: 10.1177/0049124192021002005
  • Burton , J. , Nandi , A. , & Platt , L. ( 2010 ). Measuring ethnicity: Challenges and opportunities for survey research . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 33 , 1332 – 1349 . doi: 10.1080/01419870903527801
  • Byrne , B. M. ( 2008 ). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process . Psicothema , 20 , 872 – 882 .
  • Campbell , H. L. , Barry , C. L. , Joe , J. N. , & Finney , S. J. ( 2008 ). Configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the modified achievement goal questionnaire across African American and white university students . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 68 , 988 – 1007 . doi: 10.1177/0013164408315269
  • Cheung , G. W. , & Rensvold , R. B. ( 2000 ). Assessing extreme and acquiescence response sets in cross-cultural research using structural equations modeling . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 31 , 187 – 212 . doi: 10.1177/0022022100031002003
  • Cheung , G. W. , & Rensvold , R. B. ( 2002 ). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 , 233 – 255 . doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  • Chia , A. , & Costigan , C. L. ( 2006 ). A person-centred approach to identifying acculturation groups among Chinese Canadians . International Journal of Psychology , 41 , 397 – 412 . doi: 10.1080/00207590500412227
  • Choi , Y. , Harachi , T. W. , Gillmore , M. R. , & Catalano , R. F. ( 2006 ). Are multiracial adolescents at greater risk? Comparisons of rates, patterns, and correlates of substance use and violence between monoracial and multiracial adolescents . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 76 ( 1 ), 86 – 97 . doi: 10.1037/0002–9432.76.1.86
  • Clarke , D. E. , Colantonio , A. , Rhodes , A. E. , & Escobar , M. ( 2008 ). Ethnicity and mental health: Conceptualization, definition and operationalization of ethnicity from a Canadian context . Chronic Diseases in Canada , 28 ( 4 ), 128 – 147 .
  • Cokley , K. ( 2007 ). Critical issues in the measurement of ethnic and racial identity: A referendum on the state of the field . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 54 , 224 – 234 . doi: 10.1037/0022–0167.54.3.224
  • Costigan , C. L. , Koryzma , C. , Hua , J. M. , & Chance , L. J. ( 2010 ). Ethnic identity, achievement, and psychological adjustment: Examining risk and resilience among youth from immigrant Chinese families in Canada . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 16 , 264 – 273 . doi: 10.1037/a0017275
  • Costigan , C. , Su , T. F. , & Hua , J. M. ( 2009 ). Ethnic identity among Chinese Canadian youth: A review of the Canadian literature . Canadian Psychology , 50 , 261 – 272 . doi: 10.1037/a0016880
  • Dandy , J. , Durkin , K. , McEvoy , P. , Barber , B. L. , & Houghton , S. ( 2008 ). Psychometric properties of Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) scores with Australian adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups . Journal of Adolescence , 31 , 323 – 335 . doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.06.003
  • Davey , A. , & Savla , J. ( 2010 ). Statistical power analysis with missing data: A structural equation modeling approach . New York, NY : Routledge .
  • Forbes , G. B. ( 2010 ). Cross-cultural research methods and the study of gender . In J. C. Chrisler , & D. R. McCreary (Eds.), Handbook of gender research in psychology (pp. 159 – 177 ). New York, NY : Springer . doi: 10.1007/978–1–4419–1465–1_8
  • French , S. , Seidman , E. , Allen , L. , & Aber , J. L. ( 2006 ). The development of ethnic identity during adolescence . Developmental Psychology , 42 , 1 – 10 . doi: 10.1037/0012–1649.42.1.1
  • Fuligni , A. J. , Kiang , L. , Witkow , M. R. , & Baldelomar , O. ( 2008 ). Stability and change in ethnic labeling among adolescents from Asian and Latin American immigrant families . Child Development , 79 , 944 – 956 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467–8624.2008.01169.x
  • Gadermann , A. M. , Guhn , M. , & Zumbo , B. D. ( 2012 ). Estimating ordinal reliability of Likert-type and ordinal item response data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide . Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation , 17 ( 3 ). Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/pdf/v17n3.pdf
  • Gaines , S. O., Jr. , Bunce , D. , Robertson , T. , Wright , B. , Goossens , Y. , Heer , D. , … Minhas , S. ( 2010 ). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) within the United Kingdom . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 10 , 1 – 19 . doi: 10.1080/15283481003676176
  • Gazis , N. , Connor , J. P. , & Ho , R. ( 2010 ). Cultural identity and peer influence as predictors of substance use among culturally diverse Australian adolescents . Journal of Early Adolescence , 30 , 345 – 368 . doi: 10.1177/0272431609333276
  • Gong , L. ( 2007 ). Ethnic identity and identification with the majority group: Relations with national identity and self-esteem . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 31 , 503 – 523 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.03.002
  • Greenman , E. , & Xie , Y. ( 2008 ). Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being . Social Science Research , 37 , 109 – 137 . doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.07.003
  • Gregorich , S. E. ( 2006 ). Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework . Medical Care , 44 , S78 – S94 . doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000245454.12228.8f
  • Harzing , A. ( 2006 ). Response styles in cross-national survey research: A 26-country study . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management , 6 , 243 – 266 . doi: 10.1177/1470595806066332
  • Hu , L. , & Bentler , P. M. ( 1999 ). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 , 1 – 55 .
  • Johnson , T. P. , Shavitt , S. , & Holbrook , A. L. ( 2011 ). Survey response styles across cultures . In D. Matsumoto , F. J. R. van de Vijver , D. Matsumoto , & F. J. R. van de Vijver (Eds.), Cross-cultural research methods in psychology (pp. 130 – 175 ). New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Jöreskog , K. G. ( 1994 ). On the estimation of polychoric correlations and their asymptotic covariane matrix . Psychometrika , 59 , 381 – 389 .
  • Jöreskog , K. G. , & Moustaki , I. ( 2001 ). Factor analysis of ordinal variables: A comparison of three approaches . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 36 , 347 – 387 . doi: 10.1207/S15327906347–387
  • Jöreskog , K. G. , & Sörbom , D. ( 2006a ). LISREL (Version 8.80) [Computer software] . Chicago, IL : Scientific Software International .
  • Jöreskog , K. G. , & Sörbom , D. ( 2006b ). Online help file for LISREL 8.8 for Windows . Retrieved from http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/WebHelp/index.htm
  • Juang , L. P. , & Nguyen , H. H. ( 2010 ). Ethnic identity among Chinese-American youth: The role of family obligation and community factors on ethnic engagement, clarity, and pride . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 10 , 20 – 38 . doi: 10.1080/15283481003676218
  • Juang , L. , & Syed , M. ( 2010 ). Family cultural socialization practices and ethnic identity in college-going emerging adults . Journal of Adolescence , 33 , 347 – 354 . doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.11.008
  • Kelloway , K. E. ( 1995 ). Structural equation modeling in perspective . Journal of Organizational Behaviour , 16 , 215 – 224 . doi: 10.1002/job.4030160304
  • Kiang , L. , Perreira , K. M. , & Fuligni , A. J. ( 2011 ). Ethnic label use in adolescents from traditional and non-traditional immigrant communities . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 40 , 719 – 729 . doi: 10.1007/s10964–010-9597–3
  • Kiang , L. , Witkow , M. R. , Baldelomar , O. , & Fuligni , A. J. ( 2010 ). Within-person change in ethnic identity across the high school years among adolescents with Latin, Asian, and European backgrounds . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 39 , 683 – 693 . doi: 10.1007/s10964–009-9429–5
  • Kline , R. ( 2013 ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis . In Y. Petscher , C. Schatschneider , & D. L. Compton (Eds.), Applied quantitative analysis in education and the social sciences (pp. 171 – 207 ). New York, NY : Routledge .
  • Lee , R. M. , & Yoo , H. C. ( 2004 ). Structure and measurement of ethnic identity for Asian American college students . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 51 , 263 – 269 . doi: 10.1037/0022–0167.51.2.263
  • Liebkind , K. ( 2006 ). Ethnic identity and acculturation . In D. L. Sam & J. W. Berry (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 78 – 96 ). New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Marcia , J. E. ( 1980 ). Identity in adolescence . In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 159 – 187 ). New York, NY : Wiley .
  • Marcia , J. E. ( 1994 ). The empirical study of ego identity . In H. A. Bosma , T. L. G. Graafsma , H. D. Grotevant , & D. J. de Levita (Eds.), Identity and development: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 67 – 80 ). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Marin , G. , Gamba , R. J. , & Marin , B. V. ( 1992 ). Extreme response style and acquiescence among Hispanics . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 23 , 498 – 509 . doi: 10.1177/0022022192234006
  • Millsap , R. E. , & Yun-Tein , J. ( 2004 ). Assessing factorial invariance in ordered-categorical measures . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 , 479 – 515 . doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3903_4
  • Ministry of Attorney General, & Minister Responsible for Multiculturalism . ( 2008 ). The diversity of visible minorities and ethnic origins in BC . Retrieved from http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome-bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/communities/visible-minorities-ethnic-origins.pdf
  • Morning , A. ( 2008 ). Ethnic classification in global perspective: A cross-national survey of the 2000 Census round . Population Research and Policy Review , 27 , 119 – 138 . doi: 10.1007/s11113–007-9062–5
  • Negy , C. , Shreve , T. L. , Jensen , B. J. , & Uddin , N. ( 2003 ). Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and ethnocentrism: A study of social identity versus multicultural theory of development . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 9 , 33 – 344 . doi: 10.1037/1099–9809.9.4.333
  • Oh , J. S. , & Fuligni , A. J. ( 2010 ). The role of heritage language development in the ethnic identity and family relationships of adolescents from immigrant backgrounds . Social Development , 19 , 202 – 220 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467–9507.2008.00530.x
  • Pahl , K. , & Way , N. ( 2006 ). Longitudinal trajectories of ethnic identity among urban Black and Latino adolescents . Child Development , 77 , 1403 – 1415 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467–8624.2006.00943.x
  • Park , I. J. K. ( 2007 ). Enculturation of Korean American adolescents within familial and cultural contexts: The mediating role of ethnic identity . Family Relations , 56 , 403 – 412 . doi: 10.1111/j.1741–3729.2007.00469.x
  • Pegg , P. O. , & Plybon , L. E. ( 2005 ). Toward the theoretical measurement of ethnic identity . Journal of Early Adolescence , 25 , 250 – 264 . doi: 10.1177/0272431604274175
  • Phinney , J. S. ( 1992 ). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups . Journal of Adolescent Research , 7 , 156 – 176 . doi: 10.1177/074355489272003
  • Phinney , J. S. ( 2003 ). Ethnic identity and acculturation . In K. Chun , P. Ball , & G. Marin (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 63 – 81 ). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association
  • Phinney , J. S. , & Ong , A. D. ( 2007 ). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 54 , 271 – 281 . doi: 10.1037/0022–0167.54.3.271
  • Roberts , R. E. , Phinney , J. S. , Masse , L. C. , Chen , Y. R. , Roberts , C. R. , & Romero , A. ( 1999 ). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups . Journal of Early Adolescence , 19 , 301 – 322 . doi: 10.1177/0272431699019003001
  • Rotheram , M. J. , & Phinney , J. S. ( 1988 ). Introduction: Definitions and perspectives in the study of children's ethnic socialization . In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 10 – 28 ). Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Saewyc , E. , & Green , R. ( 2009 ). Survey methodology for the 2008 Adolescent Health Survey IV . Retrieved from http://www.mcs.bc.ca/pdf/AHS4_Methodology_Fact_Sheet.pdf
  • Saewyc , E. M. , Taylor , D. , Homma , Y. , & Ogilvie , G. ( 2008 ). Trends in sexual health and risk behaviours among adolescent students in British Columbia . Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality , 17 ( 1/2 ), 1 – 12 .
  • Shrake , E. K. ( 1996 ). Perceived parenting styles, ethnic identity, and associated problem behaviors among Korean-American adolescents (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) . University of California , Los Angeles, CA .
  • Shrake , E. K. , & Rhee , S. ( 2004 ). Ethnic identity as a predictor of problem behaviors among Korean American adolescents . Adolescence , 39 , 601 – 622 .
  • Smith , A. , Stewart , D. , Peled , M. , Poon , C. , Saewyc , E. , & McCreary Centre Society . ( 2009 ). A picture of health: Highlights from the 2008 BC Adolescent Health Survey . Vancouver, BC, Canada : McCreary Centre Society .
  • Smith , T. B. , & Silva , L. ( 2011 ). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 58 , 42 – 60 . doi: 10.1037/a0021528
  • Spencer , M. S. , Icard , L. D. , Harachi , T. W. , Catalano , R. F. , & Oxford , M. ( 2000 ). Ethnic identity among monoracial and multiracial early adolescents . Journal of Early Adolescence , 20 , 365 – 387 . doi: 10.1177/0272431600020004001
  • Tajfel , H. ( 1981 ). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Umaña-Taylor , A. J. ( 2011 ). Ethnic identity . In S. J. Schwartz , K. Luyckx , & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 791 – 809 ). New York, NY : Springer . doi: 10.1007/978–1-4419–7988-9_33
  • Umaña-Taylor , A. J. , Bhanot , R. , & Shin , N. ( 2006 ). Ethnic identity formation during adolescence: The critical role of families . Journal of Family Issues , 27 , 390 – 414 . doi: 10.1177/0192513 × 05282960
  • Umaña-Taylor , A. J. , Diversi , M. , & Fine , M. A. ( 2002 ). Ethnic identity and self-esteem of Latino adolescents: Distinctions among the Latino populations . Journal of Adolescent Research , 17 , 303 – 327 . doi: 10.1177/0743558402173005
  • Umaña-Taylor , A. J. , Yazedjian , A. , & Bámaca-Gómez , M. ( 2004 ). Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale using Eriksonian and social identity perspectives . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 4 , 9 – 38 . doi: 10.1207/S1532706XID0401_2
  • Wang , R. , Hempton , B. , Dugan , J. P. , & Komives , S. R. ( 2008 ). Cultural differences: Why do Asians avoid extreme responses? Survey Practice . Retrieved from http://surveypractice.wordpress.com/2008/10/30/cultural-differences/
  • Worrell , F. C. , Conyers , L. M. , Mpofu , E. , & Vandiver , B. J. ( 2006 ). Multigroup ethnic identity measure scores in a sample of adolescents from Zimbabwe . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 6 , 35 – 59 . doi: 10.1207/s1532706xid0601_4
  • Wu , A. D. , Li , Z. , & Zumbo , B. D. ( 2007 ). Decoding the meaning of factorial invariance and updating the practice of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis: A demonstration with TIMSS data . Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation , 12 ( 3 ), 1 – 26 .
  • Yancey , A. K. , Aneshensel , C. S. , & Driscoll , A. K. ( 2001 ). The assessment of ethnic identity in a diverse urban youth population . Journal of Black Psychology , 27 , 190 – 208 . doi: 10.1177/0095798401027002003
  • Yoon , E. ( 2011 ). Measuring ethnic identity in the Ethnic Identity Scale and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 17 , 144 – 155 . doi: 10.1037/a0023361
  • Zumbo , B. D. , Gadermann , A. M. , & Zeisser , C. ( 2007 ). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales . Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods , 6 , 21 – 29 . Retrieved from http://education.wayne.edu/jmasm/vol6_no1.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.