Isolated pulmonary metastases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a review of current evidence

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. 2020. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 70(1):7–12. doi:10.3322/caac.21590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cancer I. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program: cancer stat facts: pancreatic cancer. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:7–33. doi:10.3322/caac.21708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahib L, Wehner MR, Matrisian LM, Nead KT. 2021. Estimated projection of US cancer incidence and death to 2040. JAMA Netw Open. 4(4):e214708. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizrahi JD, Surana R, Valle JW, Shroff RT. 2020. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet (London, England). 395:2008–2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RP, Psarelli EE, Jackson R, Ghaneh P, Halloran CM, Palmer DH, Campbell F, Valle JW, Faluyi O, O’reilly DA, et al. 2019. Patterns of recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a secondary analysis of the ESPAC-4 randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. JAMA Surg. 154:1038–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng S, Pöttler M, Lan B, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Yang H. 2019. Chemoresistance in pancreatic canceancreatic cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 20:4504. doi:10.3390/ijms20184504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamisawa T, Isawa T, Koike M, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A. 1995. Hematogenous metastases of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Pancreas. 11:345–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotfried JI, Kozuch PS. Case report: long-term survival in patients with initial lung-only metastasis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2012;43(1):S50–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, Chiorean EG, Infante J, Moore M, Seay T, Tjulandin SA, Ma WW, Saleh MN, et al. 2013. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 369:1691–1703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, Bouché O, Guimbaud R, Bécouarn Y, Adenis A, Raoul JL, Gourgou-Bourgade S, de la Fouchardière C, et al. 2011. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 364:1817–1825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs-Canner S, Zenati M, Boone BA, Varley PR, Steve J, Hogg ME, Zureikat A, Zeh HJ, Lee KK. 2015. The indolent nature of pulmonary metastases from ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Surg Oncol. 112:80–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra F, Barucca V, Coletta D. 2020. Metastases or primary recurrence to the lung is related to improved survival of pancreatic cancer as compared to other sites of dissemination. Results of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 46:1789–1794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson LAMD, Tanvetyanon TMD, Springett GMD, Fontaine JMD, Toloza EMD, Hodul PMD, Pimiento JMMD, Malafa MMD. 2016. Pulmonary metastasectomy for suspected pancreaticobiliary cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 152:75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitry E, Guiu B, Cosconea S, Jooste V, Faivre J, Bouvier AM. 2010. Epidemiology, management and prognosis of colorectal cancer with lung metastases: a 30-year population-based study. Gut. 59:1383–1388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue M, Ohta M, Iuchi K, Matsumura A, Ideguchi K, Yasumitsu T, Nakagawa K, Fukuhara K, Maeda H, Takeda S, et al. 2004. Benefits of surgery for patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 78:238–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng B, Ohuchida K, Yan Z, Okumura T, Ohtsuka T, Nakamura M. 2017. Primary recurrence in the lung is related to favorable prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer and postoperative recurrence. World J Surg. 41:2858–2866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers MO, Meszoely IM, Hoffman JP, Watson JC, Ross E, Eisenberg BL. 2004. Is reporting of recurrence data important in pancreatic cancer? Ann Surg Oncol. 11:304–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger S, Haas M, Burger PJ, Ormanns S, Modest DP, Westphalen CB, Michl M, Kleespies A, Angele MK, Hartwig W, et al. 2016. Isolated pulmonary metastases define a favorable subgroup in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology: Official Journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) [Et Al]. 16:593–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin IH, Elias H, Chou JF, Capanu M, O’reilly EM. 2018. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: insights into patterns of recurrence and disease behavior. BMC Cancer. 18 769-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Hsueh C, Chen L, Yeh H, Tsang C. 2019. Lung metastases in patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer: prevalence, risk factors, and survival impact. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 8(9):1402. doi:10.3390/jcm8091402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wangjam T, Zhang Z, Zhou XC, Lyer L, Faisal F, Soares KC, Fishman E, Hruban RH, Herman JM, Laheru D, et al. 2015. Resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with recurrence limited in lung have a significantly better prognosis than those with other recurrence patterns. Oncotarget. 6:36903–36910.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe Y, Nishihara K, Niina Y, Kudo Y, Kurata K, Okayama T, Fujii A, Wakamatsu S, Abe Y, Nakano T. 2017. Patients with lung recurrence after curative resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have a better prognosis than those with recurrence at other sites. Journal of the Pancreas. 18(1):54–61. https://www.primescholars.com/articles/patients-with-lung-recurrence-after-curative-resection-forpancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-have-a-better-prognosis-than--99102.html .
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa K, Akahori T, Nishiwada S, Nagai M, Nakamura K, Tanaka T, Tamamoto T, Ohbayashi C, Hasegawa M, Kichikawa K, et al. 2018. Prognostic factors for actual long-term survival in the era of multidisciplinary treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery. 403:693–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariake K, Motoi F, Ohtsuka H, Fukase K, Masuda K, Mizuma M, Hayashi H, Nakagawa K, Morikawa T, Maeda S, et al. 2017. Predictive risk factors for peritoneal recurrence after pancreatic cancer resection and strategies for its prevention. Surg Today. 47:1434–1442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Q, Zhang R, Michalski CW, Liu B, Liao Q, Kleeff J. 2020. Surgery for synchronous and metachronous single-organ metastasis of pancreatic cancer: a SEER database analysis and systematic literature review. Sci Rep. 10 4444-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas R, Truty M, Nogueras-Gonzalez G, Fleming J, Vauthey J-N, Pisters P, Lee J, Rice D, Hofstetter W, Wolff R, et al. 2012. Selective reoperation for locally recurrent or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following primary pancreatic resection. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 16:1696–1704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnaoutakis G, Rangachari D, Laheru D, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Hruban R, Herman J, Edil B, Pawlik T, Schulick R, Cameron J, et al. 2011. Pulmonary resection for isolated pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis: an analysis of outcomes and survival. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 15:1611–1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagawa T, Ito K, Fukuzawa K, Okamoto T, Yoshimura A, Kawasaki T, Masuda T, Iwaki K, Terashi T, Okamoto M, et al. 2017. Surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Anticancer Res. 37:1413–1416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurahara H, Maemura K, Mataki Y, Tanoue K, Iino S, Kawasaki Y, Idichi T, Arigami T, Mori S, Shinden Y, et al. 2020. Lung recurrence and its therapeutic strategy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology: Official Journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) [Et Al]. 20:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YI, Song KB, Lee YJ, Park KM, Hwang DW, Lee JH, Shin SH, Kwon JW, Ro JS, Kim SC. 2019. Management of isolated recurrence after surgery for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 106:898–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovecek M, Skalicky P, Chudacek J, Szkorupa M, Svebisova H, Lemstrova R, Ehrmann J, Melichar B, Yogeswara T, Klos D, et al. 2017. Different clinical presentations of metachronous pulmonary metastases after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: retrospective study and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol. 23:6420–6428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oweira H, Petrausch U, Helbling D, Schmidt J, Mannhart M, Mehrabi A, Schöb O, Giryes A, Decker M, Abdel-Rahman O. 2017. Prognostic value of site-specific metastases in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a surveillance epidemiology and end results database analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 23:1872–1880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groot VP, Blair AB, Gemenetzis G, Ding D, Burkhart RA, van Oosten AF, Molenaar IQ, Cameron JL, Weiss MJ, Yang SC, et al. 2019. Isolated pulmonary recurrence after resection of pancreatic cancer: the effect of patient factors and treatment modalities on survival. HPB (Oxford). 21:998–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz MH, Wang H, Fleming JB, Sun CC, Hwang RF, Wolff RA, Varadhachary G, Abbruzzese JL, Crane CH, Krishnan S, et al. 2009. Long-term survival after multidisciplinary management of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 16:836–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen K-K, Singla S, Papavasiliou P, Arrangoiz R, Gaughan JP, Hoffman JP. 2013. Patterns of recurrence and outcomes in pancreatic cancer. JCO. 31:234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decoster C, Gilabert M, Autret A, Turrini O, Oziel-Taieb S, Poizat F, Giovannini M, Viens P, Iovanna J, Raoul JL. 2016. Heterogeneity of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: lung metastasis show better prognosis than liver metastasis-a case control study. Oncotarget. 7:45649–45655.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim S, Itchins M, Arena J, Nahm C, Pavlakis N, Clarke S, Gill A, Samra SJ, Mittal A. 2017. Patterns and determinants of recurrence for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after resection. Journal of the Pancreas. 18(6):458–464. https://www.primescholars.com/articles/patterns-and-determinants-of-recurrence-for-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-after-resection-99172.html
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez M, Poncet A, Combescure C, Robert J, Ris HB, Gervaz P. 2013. Risk factors for survival after lung metastasectomy in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 20:572–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleeff J, Reiser C, Hinz U, Bachmann J, Debus J, Jaeger D, Friess H, Biichler MW. 2007. Surgery for recurrent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 245:566–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura A, Itasaka S, Takaori K, Kawaguchi Y, Shibuya K, Yoshimura M, Matsuo Y, Mizowaki T, Uemoto S, Hiraoka M. 2014. Radiotherapy for patients with isolated local recurrence of primary resected pancreatic cancer. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie. 190:485–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas M, Heinemann V, Kullmann F, Laubender R, Klose C, Bruns C, Holdenrieder S, Modest D, Schulz C, Boeck S. 2013. Prognostic value of CA 19-9, CEA, CRP, LDH and bilirubin levels in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer: results from a multicenter, pooled analysis of patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 139:681–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song JY, Chen MQ, Guo JH, Lian SF, Xu BH. 2018. Combined pretreatment serum CA19-9 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential prognostic factor in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Medicine. 97:e9707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno H, Okada S, Okusaka T, Ikeda M. 2000. Prognostic factors in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy. Oncology. 59:296–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hang J, Wu L, Zhu L, Sun Z, Wang G, Pan J, Zheng S, Xu K, Du J, Jiang H. 2018. Prediction of overall survival for metastatic pancreatic cancer: development and validation of a prognostic nomogram with data from open clinical trial and real-world study. Cancer Med. 7:2974–2984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heredia-Soto V, Rodríguez-Salas N, Feliu J Liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer: are we ready to apply it in the clinical practice? Cancers 2021; 13:1986.
   Google Scholar
• Toledano-Fonseca M, Cano MT, Inga E, Rodríguez-Alonso R, Gómez-España MA, Guil-Luna S, Mena-Osuna R, de la Haba-Rodríguez JR, Rodríguez-Ariza A, Aranda E. 2020. Circulating cell-free DNA-Based liquid biopsy markers for the non-invasive prognosis and monitoring of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Cancers. 12:1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MK, Woo SM, Park B, Yoon K-A, Kim Y-H, Joo J, Lee WJ, Han S-S, Park S-J, Kong S-Y. 2018. Prognostic implications of multiplex detection of KRAS mutations in cell-free DNA from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clinical Chemistry (Baltimore, Md). 64:726–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buscail E, Maulat C, Muscari F, Chiche L, Cordelier P, Dabernat S, Alix-Panabières C, Buscail L. 2019. Liquid biopsy approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancers. 11:852. 10.3390/cancers11060852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrasz D, Pécuchet N, Garlan F, Didelot A, Dubreuil O, Doat S, Imbert-Bismut F, Karoui M, Vaillant J-C, Taly V, et al. 2017. Plasma circulating tumor DNA in pancreatic cancer patients is a prognostic marker. Clinical Cancer Research. 23:116–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Lucas FA, Allenson K, Bernard V, Castillo J, Kim DU, Ellis K, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Petersen JL, Li D, et al. 2016. Minimally invasive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of visceral cancers by next-generation sequencing of circulating exosomes. Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 27:635–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard V, Kim DU, San Lucas FA, Castillo J, Allenson K, Mulu FC, Stephens BM, Huang J, Semaan A, Guerrero PA, et al. 2019. Circulating nucleic acids are associated with outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology (New York, NY 1943). 156:108–18.e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Kayashima T, Fujita H, Moriyama T, Ohtsuka T, Ueda J, Nagai E, Hashizume M, Tanaka M. 2011. MicroRNA expression as a predictive marker for gemcitabine response after surgical resection of pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 18:2381–2387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greither T, Grochola LF, Udelnow A, Lautenschläger C, Würl P, Taubert H. 2010. Elevated expression of microRnas 155, 203, 210 and 222 in pancreatic tumors is associated with poorer survival. International Journal of Cancer. 126:73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Sato N, Kayashima T, Fujita H, Nakata K, Tanaka M. 2010. MicroRNA, hsa-miR-200c, is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer and its upregulation inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion but increases cell proliferation. Mol Cancer. 9:169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namkung J, Kwon W, Choi Y, Yi SG, Han S, Kang MJ, Kim SW, Park T, Jang JY. 2016. Molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on miRNA expression profiles have independent prognostic value. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 31:1160–1167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppal A, Wightman SC, Mallon S, Oshima G, Pitroda SP, Zhang Q, Huang X, Darga TE, Huang L, Andrade J, et al. 2015. 14q32-encoded microRnas mediate an oligometastatic phenotype. Oncotarget. 6:3540–3552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lussier YA, Xing HR, Salama JK, Khodarev NN, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Khan SA, Yang X, Hasselle MD, Darga TE, et al. 2011. MicroRNA expression characterizes oligometastasis(es). Plos One. 6:e28650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niesen W, Primavesi F, Gasteiger S, Neoptolemos J, Hackert T, Stättner S. 2019. Surgical and local therapeutic concepts of oligometastatic pancreatic cancer in the era of effective chemotherapy. European Surgery. 51:153–164.
   Google Scholar
• Leach WB. 1950. Carcinoma of the pancreas; a clinical and pathologic analysis of 39 autopsied cases. Am J Pathol. 26:333–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yachida S, Jones S, Bozic I, Antal T, Leary R, Fu B, Kamiyama M, Hruban RH, Eshleman JR, Nowak MA, et al. 2010. Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 467:1114–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ischenko I, Petrenko O, Hayman MJ. 2014. Analysis of the tumor-initiating and metastatic capacity of PDX1-positive cells from the adult pancreas.111(9):3466–3471. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319911111.
   Google Scholar
• Vitellius C, Griveaux O, Morvant B, Pedrono E, Venara A, Ingster O, Baize N, Dincuff E, Rousselet MC, Guardiola P, et al. 2020. Impact of driver mutations on the evolution of isolated metachronous lung metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. 24:443–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biankin AV, Waddell N, Kassahn KS, Gingras MC, Muthuswamy LB, Johns AL, Miller DK, Wilson PJ, Patch AM, Wu J, et al. 2012. Pancreatic cancer genomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes. Nature. 491:399–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Embuscado EE, Laheru D, Ricci F, Yun KJ, de Boom Witzel S, Seigel A, Flickinger K, Hidalgo M, Bova GS, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA. 2005. Immortalizing the complexity of cancer metastasis: genetic features of lethal metastatic pancreatic cancer obtained from rapid autopsy. Cancer Biology & Therapy. 4:548–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tascilar M, Skinner HG, Rosty C, Sohn T, Wilentz RE, Offerhaus GJ, Adsay V, Abrams RA, Cameron JL, Kern SE, et al. 2001. The SMAD4 protein and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 7:4115–4121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Fu B, Yachida S, Luo M, Abe H, Henderson CM, Vilardell F, Wang Z, Keller JW, Banerjee P, et al. 2009. DPC4 gene status of the primary carcinoma correlates with patterns of failure in patients with pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 27:1806–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackford A, Serrano OK, Wolfgang CL, Parmigiani G, Jones S, Zhang X, Parsons DW, Lin JC, Leary RJ, Eshleman JR, et al. 2009. SMAD4 gene mutations are associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 15:4674–4679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou A, Waddell N, Cowley MJ, Gill AJ, Chang DK, Patch AM, Nones K, Wu J, Pinese M, Johns AL, et al. 2013. Clinical and molecular characterization of HER2 amplified-pancreatic cancer. Genome Med. 5:78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han SH, Ryu KH, Kwon AY. 2021. The prognostic impact of HER2 genetic and protein expression in pancreatic carcinoma-HER2 protein and gene in pancreatic cancer. Diagnostics (Basel).11(4):653 doi:10.3390/diagnostics11040653
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Springfeld C, Jäger D, Büchler MW, Strobel O, Hackert T, Palmer DH, Neoptolemos JP. 2019. Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Presse Med. 48(3 pt 2):e159–74. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2019.02.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein D, El-Maraghi RH, Hammel P, Heinemann V, Kunzmann V, Sastre J, Scheithauer W, Siena S, Tabernero J, Teixeira L, et al. 2015. Nab-Paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer: long-term survival from a phase III trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 107. dju413. Print 2015 Feb. 10.1093/jnci/dju413
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitasato Y, Nakayama M, Akasu G, Yoshitomi M, Mikagi K, Maruyama Y, Kawahara R, Ishikawa H, Hisaka T, Yasunaga M, et al. 2012. Metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma 13 years after curative resection for pancreatic cancer: report of a case and review of Japanese literature. JOP: Journal of the Pancreas. 13:296–300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hackert T, Niesen W, Hinz U, Tjaden C, Strobel O, Ulrich A, Michalski CW, Büchler MW. 2017. Radical surgery of oligometastatic pancreatic cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 43:358–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy SK, Pawlik TM, Zorzi D, Gleisner AL, Ribero D, Assumpcao L, Barbas AS, Abdalla EK, Choti MA, Vauthey JN, et al. 2007. Simultaneous resections of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:3481–3491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primavesi F, Stättner S, Jäger T, Göbel G, Presl J, Tomanová K, Buchner S, Maglione M, Resch T, Hutter J, et al. 2019. Progressive oncological surgery is associated with increased curative resection rates and improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancers. 11:218. 10.3390/cancers11020218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evrard S, Poston G, Kissmeyer-Nielsen P, Diallo A, Desolneux G, Brouste V, Lalet C, Mortensen F, Stättner S, Fenwick S, et al. 2014. Combined ablation and resection (CARe) as an effective parenchymal sparing treatment for extensive colorectal liver metastases. Plos One. 9:e114404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treasure T. 2014. Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer: recent reports prompt a review of the available evidence. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep. 10:296–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murakawa T. 2021. Past, present, and future perspectives of pulmonary metastasectomy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Surg Today. 51:204–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treasure T, Farewell V, Macbeth F, Monson K, Williams NR, Brew-Graves C, Lees B, Grigg O, Fallowfield L, Cctg P. 2019. Pulmonary metastasectomy versus continued active monitoring in colorectal cancer (PulMicc): a multicentre randomised clinical trial. Trials. 20 718-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar