REFERENCES
- Achilles , G. M. , Mclaughlin , M. J. and Croninger , R. G. 2007 . Sociocultural correlates of disciplinary exclusion among students with emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities in the SEELS national dataset . Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , 15 : 33 – 45 . doi: 10.1177/10634266070150010401
- Advocates for Children and Youth. (2006). School suspension: effects and alternatives. Voices for Maryland's Children, 3(6), 1–14. http://www.acy.org/upimages/news_document1149532362-1.pdf (http://www.acy.org/upimages/news_document1149532362-1.pdf)
- American Academy of Pediatrics . 2003 . Out-of-school suspension and expulsion . Pediatrics , 112 : 1206 – 1209 . doi: 10.1542/peds.112.5.1206
- American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force . 2008 . Are zero tolerance policies effective in the schools? An evidentiary review and recommendations . American Psychologist , 63 : 852 – 862 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.9.852
- Atkins , M. S. , McKay , M. M. , Frazier , S. L. , Jakobsons , L. J. , Arvanitis , P. Cunningham , T. 2002 . Suspensions and detentions in an urban, low-income school: punishment or reward? . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 30 : 361 – 371 . doi: 10.1023/A:1015765924135
- Bell , S. K. , Coleman , J. K. , Anderson , A. , Whelan , J. P. and Wilder , C. 2000 . The effectiveness of peer mediation in a low-SES rural elementary school . Psychology in the Schools , 37 : 505 – 516 . doi: 10.1002/1520-6807(200011)37:6<505::AID-PITS3>3.0.CO;2-5
- Bradshaw , C. P. , Mitchell , M. M. and Leaf , P. J. 2010 . Examining the effects of school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports on student outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled effectiveness trial in elementary schools . Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions , 12 : 133 – 148 . doi: 10.1177/1098300709334798
- Brown , T. M. 2007 . Lost and turned out: Academic, social, and emotional experiences of students excluded from school . Urban Education , 42 : 432 – 455 . doi: 10.1177/0042085907304947
- Bruns , E. J. , Moore , E. , Stephan , S. H. , Pruitt , D. and Weist , M. D. 2005 . The impact of school mental health services on out-of-school suspension rates . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 34 : 23 – 30 . doi: 10.1007/s10964-0005-1333-z
- Cantrell, R., Parks-Savage, A., & Rehfuss, M. (2007). Reducing levels of elementary school violence with peer mediation. Professional School Counseling, 10, 475–481. http://www.schoolcounselor.org/content.asp?contentid=235 (http://www.schoolcounselor.org/content.asp?contentid=235)
- Christle, C. A., Jolivette, K., & Nelson, C. M. (2005). Breaking the school to prison pipeline: Identifying school risk and protective factors for youth delinquency. Exceptionality, 13(2), 69–88 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327035ex1302_2 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327035ex1302_2)
- Committee for Children . 2002 . Second Step: A violence prevention curriculum grades 4–5 teacher's guide , 3rd , Seattle , WA : Author .
- Curtis , R. , Van Horne , J. W. , Robertson , P. and Karvonen , M. 2010 . Outcomes of a school-wide positive behavioral support program . Professional School Counseling , 13 : 159 – 164 . doi: 10.5330/PSC.n.2010-13.159
- Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2003). Project EASE (Educational Alternatives to Suspension and Expulsion): Promising strategies document. http://www.ncdjjdp.org/cpsv/toolkit/acrobat/project_ease.pdf (http://www.ncdjjdp.org/cpsv/toolkit/acrobat/project_ease.pdf)
- Dupper, D. R., Theriot, M. T., & Craun, S. W. (2009). Reducing out-of-school suspensions: Practice guidelines for school social workers. Children & Schools, 31(1), 6–14. http://titania.naswpressonline.org/vl=6317369/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cw/nasw/01627961/v31n1/s2/p6 (http://titania.naswpressonline.org/vl=6317369/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cw/nasw/01627961/v31n1/s2/p6)
- Educational Testing Services. (2010). The guide to your STAR student report California Standards Test. http://www.startest.org/pdfs/STAR.CST_interpretation_guide.2011.pdf (http://www.startest.org/pdfs/STAR.CST_interpretation_guide.2011.pdf)
- Franklin, N., Peterson, R., Skiba, L., & Skiba, R. (2007). Top ten alternatives to suspension. http://www.stonesoupgroup.org/Assets/Alternatives%20to%20Suspension.PDF (http://www.stonesoupgroup.org/Assets/Alternatives%20to%20Suspension.PDF)
- Garibaldi , A. M. 1979 . In school-alternatives to suspension: Trendy educational innovations . The Urban Review , 11 : 97 – 103 . doi: 0042-0972/79/020097-07$01.50
- Kamphaus , R. W. and Reynolds , C. R. 2007 . Behavior Assessment System for Children–Second Edition (BASC-2): Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) , Bloomington , MN : Pearson .
- Krezmien , M. P. , Leone , P. E. and Achilles , G. M. 2006 . Suspension, race, and disability: Analysis of statewide practices and reporting . Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , 14 : 217 – 226 . doi: 10.1177/10634266060140040501
- Losen, D. J., & Skiba, R. (2010). Suspended education: Urban middle schools in crisis. http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/school-discipline/suspended-education-urban-middle-schools-in-crisis (http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/school-discipline/suspended-education-urban-middle-schools-in-crisis)
- Luiselli , J. K. , Putnam , R. F. , Handler , M. W. and Feinberg , A. B. 2005 . Whole school positive behavior support: Effects on student discipline problems and academic performance . Educational Psychology , 25 : 183 – 198 . doi: 10.1080/0144341042000301265
- Mayer , G. R. 1995 . Preventing antisocial behavior in the schools . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 28 : 467 – 478 . doi: 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-467
- McIntosh , K. , Campbell , A. L. , Carter , D. R. and Dickey , C. R. 2009 . Differential effects of a tier two behavior intervention based on function of problem behavior . Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions , 11 : 82 – 93 . doi: 10.1177/1098300708319127
- Mental Health America. (2009). Position statement 46: Zero tolerance policies in schools. www.mentalhealthamerica.net/ (http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/)
- Mizell , M. H. April 1978 . Designing and implementing effective in-school alternatives to suspension , April , Washington , DC : Paper presented at the National Institution of Education Conference on In-School Alternatives to Suspension .
- Muscott , H. S. , Mann , E. L. and LeBrun , M. R. 2008 . Positive behavior interventions and supports in New Hampshire: Effects of large-scale implementation of school-wide positive behavior support on student discipline and academic achievement . Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions , 10 : 190 – 195 . doi: 10.1177/1098300708316258
- Nicholson-Crotty , S. , Birchmeier , Z. and Valentine , D. 2009 . Exploring the impact of school discipline on racial disproportion in the juvenile justice system . Social Science Quarterly , 90 : 1003 – 1018 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00674.x
- Peterson, R. L. (2005). Ten alternatives to suspension. Impact: Feature Issue on Fostering Success in School and Beyond for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders, 18(2), 10–11. http://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/182/182.pdf (http://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/182/182.pdf)
- Positive Environment, Network of Trainers. (2009). The BSP desk reference. www.pent.ca.gov (http://www.pent.ca.gov)
- Scott, T. M., Nelson, C. M., & Liaupsin, C. J. (2001). Effective instruction: The forgotten component in preventing school violence. Education and Treatment of Children, 24, 309–322. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/external?sid=ea13983e-538a-4c91-8cc3-064ea32580ee%40sessionmgr10&vid=3&hid=9 (http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/external?sid=ea13983e-538a-4c91-8cc3-064ea32580ee%40sessionmgr10&vid=3&hid=9)
- Sharf , R. S. 2008 . Theories of psychotherapy and counseling: Concepts and cases , 4th , Belmont , CA : Brooks Cole .
- Skiba , R. and Rausch , M. K. 2006 . “ School disciplinary systems: Alternatives to suspension and expulsion ” . In Children's needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention , Edited by: Bear , G. G. and Minke , K. M. 87 – 102 . Washington , DC : National Association of School Psychologists .
- Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ojjdp (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ojjdp)
- Sprott , J. B. , Jenkins , J. M. and Doob , A. N. 2005 . Protecting at-risk youth from early offending . Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , 3 : 59 – 77 . doi: 10.1177/1541204004270943
- Sugai , G. and Horner , R. H. 2009 . Responsiveness-to-intervention and school-wide positive behavior supports: Integration of multi-tiered system approaches . Exceptionality , 17 : 223 – 237 . doi: 10.1080/09362830903235375
- Sulzer-Azaroff , B. and Mayer , R. G. 1991 . Behavioral analysis for lasting change , Orlando , FL : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
- Theriot , M. T. , Craun , S. W. and Dupper , D. R. 2010 . Multilevel evaluation of factors predicting school exclusion among middle and high school students . Children and Youth Services Review , 32 : 13 – 19 . doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.009
- U.S. Department of Education. (2008a). Percentage of public schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were allowed, and used during the school year, by selected disciplinary actions: School year 2007–08. http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/tables/all_2008_tab_11.asp (http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/tables/all_2008_tab_11.asp)
- U.S. Department of Education. (2008b). Percentage of public schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were available but not feasible, available but not used, available and used, or not available, by selected disciplinary actions: 1999–2000. http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/tables/all_2000_tab_12.asp?referrer=css (http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/tables/all_2000_tab_12.asp?referrer=css)
- U.S. Department of Education. (2008c). Percentage of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_170.asp (http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_170.asp)
- Walker, K. (2009). Research brief: Alternatives to suspension. http://www.educationpartnerships.org/ (http://www.educationpartnerships.org/)
- Walker , H. M. , Seeley , J. R. , Small , J. , Severson , H. H. , Graham , B. A. Feil , E. G. 2009 . A randomized controlled trial of the First Step to Success Early Intervention: Demonstration of program efficacy outcomes in a diverse, urban school district . Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , 17 : 197 – 212 . doi: 10.1177/1063426609341645
- Wheeler , J. L. and Richey , D. D. 2005 . Behavioral management: Principles and practices of positive behavior supports , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Pearson .