The extraction of forest CO₂ storage capacity using high-resolution airborne lidar data

References

• Austin , J. M. , Mackey , B. G. and Van Niel , K. P. 2003 . Estimating Forest Biomass Using Satellite Radar: An Exploratory Study in a Temperate Austrian Eucalyptus Forest.” . Forest Ecology and Management , 176 ( 1–3 ) : 575 – 583 .
   Google Scholar
• Baltsavias , E. P. 1999 . A Comparison Between Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning.” . ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 54 ( 2–3 ) : 83 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouard, J. S. 2009. “Genetic Gain.” http://www.abtreegene.com/toolkit/# (http://www.abtreegene.com/toolkit/#) (Accessed: 6 June 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S. and Gaston , G. 1995 . Use of Forest Inventories and Geographic Information Systems to Estimate Biomass Density of Tropical Forest: Application to Tropical Africa.” . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 38 ( 2–3 ) : 157 – 168 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen , Q. , Baldocci , D. , Gong , P. and Kelly , M. 2006 . Isolating Individual Trees in a Savanna Woodland Using Small Footprint LIDAR Data.” . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 72 ( 8 ) : 923 – 932 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong , J. , Kaufmann , R. K. , Myneni , R. B. , Tucker , C. J. , Kauppi , P. E. , Liski , J. , Buermann , W. , Alexeyev , V. and Hughes , M. K. 2003 . Remote Sensing Estimates of Boreal and Temperate Forest Woody Biomass: Carbon Pools, Source, and Sinks.” . Remote Sensing of Environmental , 84 : 393 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazakas , Z. , Nilsson , M. and Olsson , H. 1999 . Regional Forest Biomass and Wood Volume Estimation Using Satellite Data and Ancillary Data.” . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 98–99 ( 31 ) : 417 – 425 .
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgibbon , A. , Pilu , M. and Fisher , R. B. 1999 . Direct Least Square Fitting of Ellipses.” . IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 21 ( 5 ) : 476 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser , R. H. and Li , Z. 2002 . Estimating Fire-Related Parameters in Boreal Forest Using SPOT VEGETATION.” . Remote Sensing and Environmental , 82 ( 1 ) : 95 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Gougeon , F. A. 1995 . A Crown-Following to the Automatic Delineation of Individual Tree Crown in High Spatial Resolution Aerial Images.” . Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , 21 ( 3 ) : 274 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodgson , M. E. and Bresnahan , P. 2004 . Accuracy of Airborne LIDAR Derived Elevation: Empirical Assessment and Error Budget.” . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 70 ( 3 ) : 331 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson , M. E. , Jensen , J. R. , Schmidt , L. , Schill , S. and Davis , B. 2003 . An Evaluation of LIDAR- and IFSAR-Derived Digital Elevation Models in Leaf-on Conditions with USGS Level 1 and Level 2 DEMs.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 84 ( 2 ) : 295 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyyppä , J. , Hyyppä , H. , Inkinen , N. , Engdahl , M. , Linko , S. and Zhu , Y. H. 2000 . Accuracy Comparison of Various Remote Sensing Data Sources in the Retrieval of Forest Stand Attributes.” . Forest Ecology and Management , 128 ( 1–2 ) : 109 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC . 2007 . Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report , 30 – 39 . Geneva : IPCC . (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
   Google Scholar
• ISPRS (International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing). 2003. “ISPRS Test on Extracting DEMS from Point Clouds: A Comparison of Existing Automatic Filters.” http://www.itc.nl/isprswgIII-3/filtertest/ (http://www.itc.nl/isprswgIII-3/filtertest/) (Accessed: 6 June 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Kaartinen , H. , Hyyppä , J. , Yu , X. , Vastaranta , M. , Hyyppä , H. , Kukko , A. and Holopainen , M. 2012 . An International Comparison of Individual Tree Detection and Extraction Using Airborne Laser Scanning . Remote Sensing , 4 ( 4 ) : 950 – 974 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , J. R. and Muller , J. 2011 . Tree and Building Detection in Dense Urban Environments Using Automated Processing of IKONOS Image and LIDAR Data.” . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 32 ( 8 ) : 2245 – 2273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , B. , Heyder , U. and Weinacker , H. 2006 . Detection of Individual Tree Crowns in Airborne LIDAR Data.” . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 72 ( 4 ) : 357 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korpela , I. , Dahlin , B. , Schäfer , E. , Haapaniemi , F. , Honkasalo , J. and Ilvesniemi , S. 2007 . Single-Tree Forest Inventory Using LIDAR and Aerial Images for 3D Treetop Positioning, Species Recognition, Height and Crown Width Estimation . Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop on Laser Scanning 2007 and SilviLaser 2007 Espoo, Finland , 36 September 12–14 : 227 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Kraus , K. , Karel , W. , Briese , C. and Mandlburger , G. 2006 . Local Accuracy Measures for Digital Terrain Models.” . The Photogrammetric Record , 21 ( 116 ) : 342 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Kraus , K. and Pfeifer , N. 1998 . Determination of Terrain Models in Wooded Areas with Airborne Laser Scanner Data.” . ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 54 ( 4 ) : 193 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Leckie , D. G. , Gougeon , F. A. , Hill , D. A. , Quinn , R. , Armstrong , L. and Shreenan , R. 2003 . Combined High-Density LIDAR and Multispectral Imagery for Individual Tree Crown Analysis.” . Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , 29 ( 5 ) : 633 – 649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , D. and Batistella , M. 2005 . Exploring TM Image Texture and Its Relationships with Biomass Estimation in Rondô Nia, Brazilan Amazon.” . Acta Amazonica , 35 : 261 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Luckman , A. , Baker , J. , Honzák , M. and Lucas , R. 1998 . Tropical Forest Biomass Density Estimation Using JERS-1 SAR: Seasonal Variation, Confidence Limits, and Application to Image Mosaics.” . Remote Sensing of Environmental , 63 ( 2 ) : 126 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Najman , L. and Schmitt , M. 1996 . Geodesic Saliency of Watershed Contours and Hierarchical Segmentation.” . IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 18 ( 12 ) : 1163 – 1173 .
   Google Scholar
• Popescu , S. C. 2007 . Estimating Biomass of Individual Pine Trees Using Airborne LIDAR.” . Biomass & Bioenergy , 31 ( 9 ) : 646 – 655 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popescu , S. C. , Wynne , R. H. and Nelson , R. E. 2003 . Measuring Individual Tree Crown Diameter with LIDAR and Assessing Its Influence on Estimating Forest Volume and Biomass.” . Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , 29 ( 5 ) : 564 – 577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raber , G. T. , Jensen , J. R. , Schill , S. R. and Schuckman , K. 2002 . Creation of Digital Terrain Models Using an Adaptive LIDAR Vegetation Point Removal Process.” . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 68 ( 12 ) : 1307 – 1315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman , M. Z. A. and Gorte , B. G. H. September 1–2 2009 . “ Tree Crown Delineation from High Resolution Airborne LIDAR Based on Densities of High Points ” . In Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop on Laser scanning 2009 , Vol. 38 , September 1–2 , 123 – 128 . France : Paris .
   Google Scholar
• Sohn , Y. M. , Kim , J. C. , Lee , K. H. and Kim , R. H. 2007 . Forest Biomass Assessment in Korea , 105 Seoul : Korea Forest Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Thenkabail , P. S. , Stucky , N. , Griscom , B. W. , Ashton , M. S. , Diels , J. , Van der Meer , B. and Enclona , E. 2004 . Biomass Estimations and Carbon Stock Calculations in the Oil Palm Plantations of African Derived Savannas Using IKONOS Data.” . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 25 ( 23 ) : 5447 – 5472 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari , A. K. and Singh , J. S. 1984 . Mapping Forest Biomass in India Through Aerial Photographs and Nondestructive Field Sampling.” . Applied Geography , 4 ( 2 ) : 151 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , L. , Gong , P. and Biging , G. S. 2004 . Individual Tree-Crown Delineation and Treetop Detection in High-Spatial-Resolution Aerial Imagery.” . Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , 70 ( 3 ) : 351 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westlake , D. F. 1966 . The Biomass and Productivity of Glyceria Maxima: I. Seasonal Changes in Biomass.” . Journal of Ecology , 54 ( 3 ) : 745 – 753 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhao , K. , Popescu , S. C. and Nelson , R. F. 2009 . LIDAR Remote Sensing of Forest Biomass: A Scale-Invariant Estimation Approach Using Airborne Lasers.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 113 ( 1 ) : 182 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , D. , Rademacher , J. , Chen , J. , Crow , T. , Bresee , M. , Moine , J. L. and Ryu , S. R. 2004 . Estimating Aboveground Biomass Using Landsat 7 ETM+ Aata Across a Managed Landscape in Northern Wisconsin, USA.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 93 ( 3 ) : 402 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar