DBH and height show significant correlation with incoming solar radiation: a case study of a radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantation in New South Wales, Australia

References

• Aguilar, C., J. Herrero, and M. J. Polo. 2010. “Topographic Effects on Solar Radiation Distribution in Mountainous Watersheds and Their Influence on Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates at Watershed Scale.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14 (12): 2479–2494. doi:10.5194/hess-14-2479-2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, J., H. L. Allen, T. J. Albaugh, J. L. Stape, B. P. Bullock, and C. Song. 2013. “Factors Influencing the Growth of Radiata Pine Plantations in Chile.” Forestry 86 (1): 13–26. doi:10.1093/forestry/cps072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez, J., H. Mitasova, and H. L. Allen. 2011. “Estimating Monthly Solar Radiation in South-Central Chile.” Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 71 (4): 601–609. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392011000400016.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, N., and G. Rees. 2009. “Effects of Digital Elevation Model Spatial Resolution on Distributed Calculations of Solar Radiation Loading on a High Arctic Glacier.” Journal of Glaciology 55 (194): 973–984. doi:10.3189/002214309790794959.
   Google Scholar
• Belsky, A. J. 1994. “Influences of Trees on Savanna Productivity: Tests of Shade, Nutrients, and Tree-Grass Competition.” Ecology 75 (4): 922–932. doi:10.2307/1939416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, D., B. R. Cullis, A. R. Gilmour, and B. J. Gogel. 2009. Asreml-R Reference Manual, Release 3. Queensland: Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, G. F., J. J. Landsberg, and M. L. Benson. 1986. “The Relationship of Above-Ground Dry Matter Accumulation by Pinus radiata to Intercepted Solar Radiation and Soil Water Status.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 37 (1): 63–73. doi:10.1016/0168-1923(86)90028-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., and X. Zhu. 2013. “An Integrated GIS Tool for Automatic Forest Inventory Estimates of Pinus radiata from LiDAR Data.” Giscience & Remote Sensing 50 (6): 667–689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coops, N. C., T. Hilker, M. Wulder, B. St-Onge, G. Newnham, A. Siggins, and J. Trofymow. 2007. “Estimating Canopy Structure of Douglas-Fir Forest Stands from Discrete-Return Lidar.” Trees – Structure and Function 21 (3): 295–310. doi:10.1007/s00468-006-0119-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coops, N. C., and R. H. Waring. 2001. “Estimating Forest Productivity in the Eastern Siskiyou Mountains of Southwestern Oregon Using a Satellite Driven Process Model, 3-PGS.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31 (1): 143–154. doi:10.1139/x00-146.
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, R. O. 1967. “Height-Diameter and Height-Diameter-Age Equations for Second Growth Douglas-Fir.” Forest Science 13: 365–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubayah, R., and V. Van Katwijk. 1992. “The Topographic Distribution of Annual Incoming Solar Radiation in the Rio Grande River Basin.” Geophysical Research Letters 19: 2231–2234. doi:10.1029/92GL02284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubayah, R. C. 1994. “Modeling a Solar Radiation Topoclimatology for the Rio Grande River Basin.” Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 627–640. doi:10.2307/3235879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffie, J. A., and W. A. Beckman. 1991. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Duguay, C. 1993. “Radiation Modeling in Mountainous Terrain Review and Status.” Mountain Research and Development 13 (4): 339–357. doi:10.2307/3673761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edson, C., and M. G. Wing. 2011. “Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) for Individual Tree Stem Location, Height, and Biomass Measurements.” Remote Sensing 3 (11): 2494–2528. doi:10.3390/rs3112494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, B. C. 1984. “Derivation of Atmospheric Correction Procedures for LANDSAT MSS with Particular Reference to Urban Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 5: 799–817. doi:10.1080/01431168408948861.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frouin, R., D. W. Lingner, C. Gautier, K. S. Baker, and R. C. Smith. 1989. “A Simple Analytical Formula to Compute Clear Sky Total and Photosynthetically Available Solar Irradiance at the Ocean Surface.” Journal of Geophysical Research 94: 9731–9742. doi:10.1029/JC094iC07p09731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, A. N., H. S. J. Zald, R. A. Kern, and M. North. 2005. “Stand Conditions Associated with Tree Regeneration in Sierran Mixed-Conifer Forests.” Forest Science 51 (3): 198–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heurich, M. 2008. “Automatic Recognition and Measurement of Single Trees Based on Data from Airborne Laser Scanning over the Richly Structured Natural Forests of the Bavarian Forest National Park.” Forest Ecology and Management 255 (7): 2416–2433. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyyppä, J., H. Hyyppä, D. Leckie, F. Gougeon, X. Yu, and M. Maltamo. 2008. “Review of Methods of Small-Footprint Airborne Laser Scanning for Extracting Forest Inventory Data in Boreal Forests.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (5): 1339–1366. doi:10.1080/01431160701736489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Im, J., J. R. Jensen, and M. E. Hodgson. 2008. “Object-Based Land Cover Classification Using High-Posting-Density LiDAR Data.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 45 (2): 209–228. doi:10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, K., and N. Pfeifer. 1998. “Determination of Terrain Models in Wooded Areas with Airborne Laser Scanner Data.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 53 (4): 193–203. doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(98)00009-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreith, F., and J. F. Kreider. 1978. Principles of Solar Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, L. 2009. “A Comparison of ArcGIS Modelled and Ground Recorded Solar Radiation Data an Opportunities for Utilisation in Environmental Models.” In Proceedings of the 10th South East Asian Survey Congress, Bali.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, L., and A. K. Skidmore. 2000. “Radiation – Vegetation Relationships in an Eucalyptus Forest.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 66 (2): 193–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, L., A. K. Skidmore, and E. Knowles. 1997. “Modelling Topographic Variation in Solar Radiation in a Gis Environment.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 11 (5): 475–497. doi:10.1080/136588197242266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsberg, J. J., and R. H. Waring. 1997. “A Generalised Model of Forest Productivity Using Simplified Concepts of Radiation-Use Efficiency, Carbon Balance and Partitioning.” Forest Ecology and Management 95 (3): 209–228. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00026-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, D. 2013. “Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques for Solar Panel Installation Site Selection”. Master of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo.
   Google Scholar
• Loetsch, F., and K. E. Haller. 1973. Forest Inventory. Vol. II. München: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
   Google Scholar
• Mason, E. G., R. Methol, and H. Cochrane. 2011. “Hybrid Mensurational and Physiological Modelling of Growth and Yield of Pinus radiata D. Don Using Potentially Useable Radiation Sums.” Forestry 84: 99–108. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpq048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaughey, R. J. 2007. Fusion Manual, version 2.90. http://www.fs.fed.us/
   Google Scholar
• Medlyn, B. E. 1998. “Physiological Basis of the Light Use Efficiency Model.” Tree Physiology 18: 167–176. doi:10.1093/treephys/18.3.167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miehle, P., S. J. Livesley, C. Li, P. M. Feikema, M. A. Adams, and S. K. Arndt. 2006. “Quantifying Uncertainty from Large-Scale Model Predictions of Forest Carbon Dynamics.” Global Change Biology 12 (8): 1421–1434. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01176.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeur, M. 1993. “Characterizing Spatial Patterns of Trees Using Stem-Mapped Data.” Forest Science 39: 756–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mummery, D., and M. Battaglia. 2002. “Data Input Quality and Resolution Effects on Regional and Local Scale Eucalyptus Globulus Productivity Predictions in North-East Tasmania.” Ecological Modelling 156 (1): 13–25. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00042-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neteler, M., and H. Mitasova. 2008. Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science. 3rd ed. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Petroselli, A. 2012. “LIDAR Data and Hydrological Applications at the Basin Scale.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 49 (1): 139–162. doi:10.2747/1548-1603.49.1.139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popescu, S. C., and R. H. Wynne. 2004. “Seeing the Trees in the Forest: Using Lidar and Multispectral Data Fusion with Local Filtering and Variable Window Size for Estimating Tree Height.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 70 (5): 589–604. doi:10.14358/PERS.70.5.589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R foundation for statistical computing.
   Google Scholar
• Raaflaub, L. D., and M. J. Collins. 2006. “The Effect of Error in Gridded Digital Elevation Models on the Estimation of Topographic Parameters.” Environmental Modelling and Software 21: 710–732. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz‐Arias, J. A., J. Tovar‐Pescador, D. Pozo‐Vázquez, and H. Alsamamra. 2009. “A Comparative Analysis of Dem‐Based Models to Estimate the Solar Radiation in Mountainous Terrain.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 23 (8): 1049–1076. doi:10.1080/13658810802022806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, P. J., and G. I. Holmes. 1986. “Geology of Hanging Rock and Nundle State Forests”. Technical Paper No. 37, Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Saremi, H., L. Kumar, R. Turner, and C. Stone. 2014a. “Airborne Lidar Derived Canopy Height Model Reveals a Significant Difference in Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Heights Based on Slope and Aspect of Sites.” Trees – Structure and Function 28 (3): 733–744. doi:10.1007/s00468-014-0985-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saremi, H., L. Kumar, R. Turner, C. Stone, and G. Melville. 2014b. “Impact of Local Slope and Aspect Assessed from Lidar Records on Tree Diameter in Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Plantations.” Annals of Forest Science. doi:10.1007/s13595-014-0374-4.
   Google Scholar
• Snowdon, P., D. Eamus, P. Gibbons, P. K. Khanna, H. Keith, R. J. Raison, and M. U. F. Kirschbaum. 2000. “Synthesis of Allometrics, Review of Root Biomass and Design of Future Woody Biomass Sampling Strategies.” National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 17. Canberra: Australian Greenhouse Office.
   Google Scholar
• Suri, M., and J. Hofierka. 2004. “A New GIS-Based Solar Radiation Model and its Application to Photovoltaic Assessments.” Transactions in GIS 8 (2): 175–190. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9671.2004.00174.x.
   Google Scholar
• Tovar-Pescador, J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, J. A. Ruiz-Arias, J. Batlles, G. López, and J. L. Bosch. 2006. “On the Use of the Digital Elevation Model to Estimate the Solar Radiation in Areas of Complex Topography.” Meteorological Applications 13 (3): 279–287. doi:10.1017/S1350482706002258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, R., C. Stone, A. Kathuria, and T. Penman. 2011. “Towards an Operational Lidar Resource Inventory Process in Australian Softwood Plantations.” In Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium for Remote Sensing of the Environment (ISRSE), Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, R. E., and M. M. Spencer. 1972. “Atmospheric Model for Correction of Spacecraft Data.” In Proceedings of 8th international symposium on remote sensing of the environment, 895–934. Ann Arbor: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, R. S. 2006. “An Airborne Lidar Canopy Segmentation Approach for Estimating Above-Ground Biomass in Coastal Eucalypt Forests”. PhD, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Van Laar, A., and A. Akça. 2007. Forest Mensuration (Managing Forest Ecosystems #13), Vol. 13, 383 p. 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Watt, M., A. Meredith, P. Watt, and A. Gunn. 2013. “Use of Lidar to Estimate Stand Characteristics for Thinning Operations in Young Douglas-Fir Plantations.” New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 43 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/1179-5395-43-18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt, M. S., and M. U. F. Kirschbaum. 2011. “Moving beyond Simple Linear Allometric Relationships between Tree Height and Diameter.” Ecological Modelling 222 (23–24): 3910–3916. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.10.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. C., M. A. Wulder, M. Vastaranta, N. C. Coops, D. Pitt, and M. Woods. 2013. “The Utility of Image-Based Point Clouds for Forest Inventory: A Comparison with Airborne Laser Scanning.” Forests 4 (3): 518–536. doi:10.3390/f4030518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woollons, R. C., P. Snowdon, and N. D. Mitchell. 1997. “Augmenting Empirical Stand Projection Equations with Edaphic and Climatic Variables.” Forest Ecology and Management 98 (3): 267–275. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00090-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X., J. Hyyppä, M. Vastaranta, M. Holopainen, and R. Viitala. 2011. “Predicting Individual Tree Attributes from Airborne Laser Point Clouds Based on the Random Forests Technique.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 66 (1): 28–37. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar