498
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban sprawl in China from 2000 to 2020

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , & show all
Article: 2351262 | Received 12 Dec 2023, Accepted 30 Apr 2024, Published online: 10 May 2024

References

  • Agency, E. E. 2016. Urban Sprawl in Europe: Joint EEA-FOEN Report. Publications Office. https://doi.org/10.2800/143470.
  • Antalyn, B., and V. P. A. Weerasinghe. 2020. “Assessment of Urban Sprawl and Its Impacts on Rural Landmasses of Colombo District: A Study Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 30 (1–2): 139–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1018529120946245.
  • Bai, X., P. Shi, and Y. Liu. 2014. “Society: Realizing China’s Urban Dream.” Nature 509 (7499): 158–160. https://doi.org/10.1038/509158a.
  • Bengston, D. N., J. O. Fletcher, and K. C. Nelson. 2004. “Public Policies for Managing Urban Growth and Protecting Open Space: Policy Instruments and Lessons Learned in the United States.” Landscape and Urban Planning 69 (2–3): 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.007.
  • Bhatta, B., S. Saraswati, and D. Bandyopadhyay. 2010. “Urban Sprawl Measurement from Remote Sensing Data.” Applied Geography 30 (4): 731–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.02.002.
  • Burchell, R. W. 1997. “Economic and Fiscal Costs (And Benefits) of Sprawl [Article].” The Urban Lawyer 29 (2): 159–181.
  • Chen, L., C. Ren, B. Zhang, Z. Wang, and M. Liu. 2018. “Quantifying Urban Land Sprawl and Its Driving Forces in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015.” Sustainability 10 (1): 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010188.
  • Chen, M., C. Ye, D. Lu, Y. Sui, and S. Guo. 2019. “Cognition and Construction of the Theoretical Connotations of New Urbanization with Chinese Characteristics.” Journal of Geographical Sciences 29 (10): 1681–1698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1685-z.
  • Chen, S., Q. Huang, R. Muttarak, J. Fang, T. Liu, C. He, Z. Liu and L. Zhu. (2022). Updating Global Urbanization Projections Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Sci Data 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01209-5.
  • Chettry, V. 2022. “Geospatial Measurement of Urban Sprawl Using Multi-Temporal Datasets from 1991 to 2021: Case Studies of Four Indian Medium-Sized Cities.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 194 (12): 860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10542-6.
  • Chettry, V. 2023. “A Critical Review of Urban Sprawl Studies.” Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis 7 (2): 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-023-00158-w.
  • Deng, T., D. Wang, Y. Hu, and S. Liu. 2020. “Did High-Speed Railway Cause Urban Space Expansion? ——Empirical Evidence from China’s Prefecture-Level Cities.” Research in Transportation Economics 80:100840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100840.
  • Downs, A. 1999. “Some Realities About Sprawl and Urban Decline.” Housing Policy Debate 10 (4): 955–974. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1999.9521356.
  • Ehrlich, M. V., C. A. Hilber, and O. Schöni. 2018. “Institutional Settings and Urban Sprawl: Evidence from Europe.” Journal of Housing Economics 42:4–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2017.12.002.
  • El Garouani, A., D. J. Mulla, S. El Garouani, and J. Knight. 2017. “Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data: Case of Fez, Morocco.” International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 6 (1): 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.02.003.
  • Ewing, R. 1997. “Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable?” Journal of the American Planning Association 63 (1): 107. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369708975728.
  • Ewing, R., R. Pendall, and D. Chen. 2003. “Measuring Sprawl and Its Transportation Impacts.” Transportation Research Record 1831 (1): 175–183. https://doi.org/10.3141/1831-20.
  • Fang, C.-L., G.-D. Li, and Q. Zhang. 2017. “The Variation Characteristics and Control Measures of the Urban Construction Land in China.” Journal of Natural Resources 32 (3): 363–376.
  • Feng, D., J. Li, X. Li, and Z. Zhang. 2019. “The Effects of Urban Sprawl and Industrial Agglomeration on Environmental Efficiency: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration.” Sustainability 11 (11): 3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113042.
  • Feng, Y., X. Wang, W. Du, J. Liu, and Y. Li. 2019. “Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Urban Sprawl in China During 2003–2017.” Journal of Cleaner Production 241:118061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118061.
  • Fernandez Milan, B., and F. Creutzig. 2016. “Municipal Policies Accelerated Urban Sprawl and Public Debts in Spain.” Land Use Policy 54:103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.01.009.
  • Frederic Deng, F., and Y. Huang. 2004. “Uneven Land Reform and Urban Sprawl in China: The Case of Beijing.” Progress in Planning 61 (3): 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2003.10.004.
  • Frenkel, A. 2004. “The Potential Effect of National Growth-Management Policy on Urban Sprawl and the Depletion of Open Spaces and Farmland.” Land Use Policy 21 (4): 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.12.001.
  • Frenkel, A., and M. Ashkenazi. 2008. “Measuring Urban Sprawl: How Can We Deal with It?” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 35 (1): 56–79. https://doi.org/10.1068/b32155.
  • Fulton, W. B., R. Pendall, M. Nguyẽ̂n, and A. Harrison. 2001. Who Sprawls Most? How Growth Patterns Differ Across the US. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.
  • Fung, K.I. 1981. Urban Development in Modern China: 194–221.
  • Galster, G., R. Hanson, M. R. Ratcliffe, H. Wolman, S. Coleman, and J. Freihage. 2001. “Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and Measuring an Elusive Concept.” Housing Policy Debate 17 (4): 681–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2001.9521426.
  • Gao, B., Q. Huang, C. He, Z. Sun, and D. Zhang. 2016. “How Does Sprawl Differ Across Cities in China? A Multi-Scale Investigation Using Nighttime Light and Census Data.” Landscape and Urban Planning 148:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.006.
  • Gao, Y., Z. Shen, Y. Liu, C. Yu, L. Cui, and C. Song. 2023. “Optimization of Differentiated Regional Land Development Patterns Based on Urban Expansion Simulation—A Case in China.” Growth and Change 54 (1): 45–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12637.
  • Goetz, E. G. 2004. “Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses (Book).” Urban Studies 41 (1): 236–238.
  • Guan, D., X. He, C. He, L. Cheng, and S. Qu. 2020. “Does the Urban Sprawl Matter in Yangtze River Economic Belt, China? An Integrated Analysis with Urban Sprawl Index and One Scenario Analysis Model.” Cities 99:102611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102611.
  • Guo, Y., L. Jiao, X. Yang, J. Li, and G. Xu. 2023. “Simulating Urban Growth by Coupling Macro-Processes and Micro-Dynamics: A Case Study on Wuhan, China.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 60 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2023.2264582.
  • Guo, F., X. Qu, Y. Ma, and L. Tong. 2021. “Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Shrinking Cities: Evidence from China.” Cities 119:103391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103391.
  • Hamidi, S., and R. Ewing. 2014. “A Longitudinal Study of Changes in Urban Sprawl Between 2000 and 2010 in the United States.” Landscape and Urban Planning 128:72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.021.
  • He C. 2021.“A Global Analysis of the Relationship Between Urbanization and Fatalities in Earthquake-Prone Areas.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12 (6): 805–820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00385-z.
  • He, C., Z. Liu, J. Tian, and Q. Ma. 2014. “Urban Expansion Dynamics and Natural Habitat Loss in China: A Multiscale Landscape Perspective.” Global Change Biology 20 (9): 2886–2902. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12553.
  • He, C., Z. Liu, M. Xu, and W. Lu. 2022. “Dataset of Urban Built-Up Area in China (1992-2020) V1.0.” https://doi.org/10.11888/HumanNat.tpdc.272851.
  • He, Q., M. Yan, L. Zheng, and B. Wang. 2023. “Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanism of Urban Development Level in China Under Different Urban Growth Patterns with Optimal Parameter-Based Geographic Detector Model Mining.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 105:102023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102023.
  • Hou Y., Y. Li, J. Li, Q. Huang, X. Duan, X. Feng and G. Zhu. 2023. “Simulating the Dynamics of Urban Land Quantity in China from 2020 to 2070 Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.” Applied Geography 159: 103094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103094.
  • Huang, Q., Z. Liu, C. He, S. Gou, Y. Bai, Y. Wang, and M. Shen. 2020. “The Occupation of Cropland by Global Urban Expansion from 1992 to 2016 and Its Implications.” Environmental Research Letters 15 (8): 084037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab858c.
  • Jaeger, J. A.G., R. Bertiller, C. Schwick and F. Kienast. 2010. “Suitability Criteria for Measures of Urban Sprawl.” Ecological Indicators 10 (2): 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.007.
  • Jiang, F., S. Liu, H. Yuan, and Q. Zhang. 2007. “Measuring Urban Sprawl in Beijing with Geo-Spatial Indices.” Journal of Geographical Sciences 17 (4): 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-007-0469-z.
  • Jia, M., H. Zhang, and Z. Yang. 2022. “Compactness or Sprawl: Multi-Dimensional Approach to Understanding the Urban Growth Patterns in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China.” Ecological Indicators 138:108816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108816.
  • Kuang, W., J.Liu, J. Dong, W. Chi and C. Zhang. 2016. “The Rapid and Massive Urban and Industrial Land Expansions in China bBtween 1990 and 2010: A CLUD-Based Analysis of their Trajectories, Patterns, and Drivers.” Landscape and Urban Planning 145: 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.10.001.
  • Li, Y., and H. Geng. 2023. “Spatiotemporal Trends in Ecosystem Carbon Stock Evolution and Quantitative Attribution in a Karst Watershed in Southwest China.” Ecological Indicators 153:110429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110429.
  • Li, G., and F. Li. 2019. “Urban Sprawl in China: Differences and Socioeconomic Drivers.” Science of the Total Environment 673:367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.080.
  • Li, Z., W. Luan, Z. Zhang, and M. Su. 2020. “Relationship Between Urban Construction Land Expansion and Population/Economic Growth in Liaoning Province, China.” Land Use Policy 99:105022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105022.
  • Liu, X., Y. Huang, X. Xu, X. Li, X. Li, P. Ciais, P. Lin, et al. 2020. “High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Mapping of Global Urban Change from 1985 to 2015.” Nature Sustainability 3 (7): 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0521-x.
  • Liu, Z., S. Liu, W. Qi, and H. Jin. 2018. “Urban Sprawl Among Chinese Cities of Different Population Sizes.” Habitat International 79:89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.08.001.
  • Liu, M., Q. Ren, C. Liu, W. Zhang, C. Song, P. Chen, and Q. Huang. 2024. “Urban Land Expanded Closer to Protected Areas in China: A Three Decade Investigation Over 2622 Protected Areas.” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2024.2303757.
  • Liu, M., Q. Ren, C. Liu, W. Zhang, C. Song, P. Chen, and Q. Huang. 2024. Urban Land Expanded Closer to Protected Areas in China: A Three Decade Investigation Over 2622 Protected Areas. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2024.2303757.
  • Liu, T., Y. Zhuo, R. Peng, and G. Cao. 2022. Urban-Rural Population Change and the Regional Types Evolution of China’s Urbanization. Acta Geographica Sinica 12 https://www.geog.com.cn/CN/10.11821/dlxb202212005.
  • Long, F., L. Zheng, and Z. Song. 2018. “High-Speed Rail and Urban Expansion: An Empirical Study Using a Time Series of Nighttime Light Satellite Data in China.” Journal of Transport Geography 72:106–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.08.011.
  • Lopez, R. 2014. Cities and the Environment 7 (1): 7.
  • Lopez, R., and H. P. Hynes. 2003. “SPRAWL in the 1990S Measurement, Distribution, and Trends.” Urban Affairs Review 38 (3): 325–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087402238805.
  • Luan, W., and X. Li. 2021, January 1. “Rapid Urbanization and Its Driving Mechanism in the Pan-Third Pole Region.” Science of the Total Environment 750:141270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141270.
  • Lu, X., D. Chen, and Y. Wang. 2020. “Is Urban Sprawl Decoupled from the Quality of Economic Growth? Evidence from Chinese Cities.” Sustainability 12 (1): 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010218.
  • Lu, C., L. Li, Y. Lei, C. Ren, Y. Su, Y. Huang, and W. Fu. 2020. “Coupling Coordination Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Urbanization Quality in the West Taiwan Strait Urban Agglomeration, China: Observation and Analysis from DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Imagery and Panel Data.” Remote Sensing 12 (19): 3217. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193217.
  • Luo, W., J. Jasiewicz, T. Stepinski, J. Wang, C. Xu, and X. Cang. 2016. “Spatial Association Between Dissection Density and Environmental Factors Over the Entire Conterminous United States.” Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2): 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066941.
  • Lv, Z., Z. Wu, J. Wei, C. Sun, Q. Zhou, and J. Zhang. 2011. “Monitoring of the Urban Sprawl Using Geoprocessing Tools in the Shenzhen Municipality, China.” Environmental Earth Sciences 62 (6): 1131–1141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0602-7.
  • McKinney, M. L. 2002. “Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation [Article].” BioScience 52 (10): 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2.
  • Mehriar, M., H. Masoumi, and I. Mohino. 2020. “Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran.” Sustainability 12 (22): 9620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229620.
  • Newman, P., and J. Kenworthy. 2011. “‘Peak Car Use’: Understanding the Demise of Automobile Dependence.” World Transport Policy & Practice 17 (2): 31–42.
  • Ord, J. K., and A. Getis. 2001. “Testing for Local Spatial Autocorrelation in the Presence of Global Autocorrelation.” Journal of Regional Science 41 (3): 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4146.00224.
  • Osman, T., P. Divigalpitiya, and T. Arima. 2016. “Driving Factors of Urban Sprawl in Giza Governorate of Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region Using AHP Method.” Land Use Policy 58:21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.013.
  • Peiser, R. 2001. “Decomposing Urban Sprawl.” Town Planning Review 72 (3): 275–298. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2001.72.3.275.
  • Salvati, L., A. Sateriano, and S. Bajocco. 2013. “To Grow or to Sprawl? Land Cover Relationships in a Mediterranean City Region and Implications for Land Use Management.” Cities 30:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.01.007.
  • Shao, Z., T.Spit, Z. Jin, M. Bakker and Q. Wu. 2018. “Can the Land Use Master Plan Control Urban Expansion and Protect Farmland in China? A Case Study of Nanjing.” Growth and Change 49 (3): 512–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12240.
  • Shi, K., Y. Wu, S. Liu, Z. Chen, C. Huang, and Y. Cui. 2023. “Mapping and Evaluating Global Urban Entities (2000–2020): A Novel Perspective to Delineate Urban Entities Based on Consistent Nighttime Light Data.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 60 (1): 2161199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2022.2161199.
  • Song, Y., Y. Long, P. Wu, and X. Wang. 2018. “Are All Cities with Similar Urban Form or Not? Redefining Cities with Ubiquitous Points of Interest and Evaluating Them with Indicators at City and Block Levels in China.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 32 (12): 2447–2476. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1511793.
  • Song, Y., J. Wang, Y. Ge, and C. Xu. 2020. “An Optimal Parameters-Based Geographical Detector Model Enhances Geographic Characteristics of Explanatory Variables for Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis: Cases with Different Types of Spatial Data.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 57 (5): 593–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2020.1760434.
  • Steurer, M., and C. Bayr. 2020. “Measuring Urban Sprawl Using Land Use Data.” Land Use Policy 97:104799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104799.
  • Stone, B., Jr. 2008. “Urban Sprawl and Air Quality in Large US Cities.” Journal of Environmental Management 86 (4): 688–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.034.
  • Sudhira, H. S., T. V. Ramachandra, and K. S. Jagadish. 2004. “Urban Sprawl: Metrics, Dynamics and Modelling Using GIS.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 5 (1): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2003.08.002.
  • Taotao, D., and W. Dandan. 2018. “Has China’s High Speed Railway Construction Aggravated “Urban sprawl”? An Empirical Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities.” Journal of Finance and Economics 44 (10): 125–137.
  • Tian, L., B. Ge, and Y. Li. 2017. “Impacts of State-Led and Bottom-Up Urbanization on Land Use Change in the Peri-Urban Areas of Shanghai: Planned Growth or Uncontrolled Sprawl?” Cities 60:476–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.01.002.
  • Tong, L., S. Hu, A. E. Frazier, and Y. Liu. 2017. “Multi-Order Urban Development Model and Sprawl Patterns: An Analysis in China, 2000–2010.” Landscape and Urban Planning 167:386–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.07.001.
  • Torbick, N., and M. Corbiere. 2015. “Mapping Urban Sprawl and Impervious Surfaces in the Northeast United States for the Past Four Decades.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 52 (6): 746–764. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2015.1076561.
  • van de Wal, R. S. W., B. de Boer, L. J. Lourens, P. Köhler, and R. Bintanja. 2011. “Reconstruction of a Continuous High-Resolution CO2 Record Over the Past 20 Million Years.” Climate of the Past 7 (4): 1459–1469. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1459-2011.
  • Vicino, T. J., B. Hanlon, and J. R. Short. 2007. “Megalopolis 50 Years On: The Transformation of a City Region.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 31 (2): 344–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00728.x.
  • Wang, J. F., X. H. Li, G. Christakos, Y. L. Liao, T. Zhang, X. Gu, and X. Y. Zheng. 2010. “Geographical Detectors‐Based Health Risk Assessment and Its Application in the Neural Tube Defects Study of the Heshun Region, China.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 24 (1): 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810802443457.
  • Wang, X., R. Shi, and Y. Zhou. 2020. “Dynamics of Urban Sprawl and Sustainable Development in China.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 70:100736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2019.100736.
  • Wang, J. F., and C. Xu. 2017. “Geodetector: Principle and Prospective.” Di Li Xue Bao / Chung-Kuo Ti Li Hsueh Hui Pien Chi 72 (1): 116–134.
  • Wang, J. F., T. L. Zhang, and B. J. Fu. 2016. “A Measure of Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity.” Ecological Indicators 67:250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.02.052.
  • Wang, F., and Y. Zhou. 1999. “Modelling Urban Population Densities in Beijing 1982-90: Suburbanisation and Its Causes.” Urban Studies 36 (2): 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098993600.
  • Wu, R., Y. Li, and S. Wang. 2022. “Will the Construction of High-Speed Rail Accelerate Urban Land Expansion? Evidences from Chinese Cities.” Land Use Policy 114:105920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105920.
  • Wu, R., Z. Li, and S. Wang. 2021. “The Varying Driving Forces of Urban Land Expansion in China: Insights from a Spatial-Temporal Analysis.” Science of the Total Environment 766:142591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142591.
  • Xu, M., C. He, Z. Liu, Y. Dou, and S. Ukkusuri. 2016. “How Did Urban Land Expand in China Between 1992 and 2015? A Multi-Scale Landscape Analysis.” PLOS one 11 (5): e0154839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154839.
  • Yang, Y., J. Wu, Y. Wang, Q. Huang, and C. He. 2021. “Quantifying Spatiotemporal Patterns of Shrinking Cities in Urbanizing China: A Novel Approach Based on Time-Series Nighttime Light Data.” Cities 118:103346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103346.
  • Ye S., S. Ren, C. Song, Z. Du, K. Wang, B. Du, F. Cheng and D. Zhu. 2024. “Spatial Pattern of Cultivated Land Fragmentation in Mainland China: Characteristics, Dominant Factors, and Countermeasures.” Land Use Policy 139: 107070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107070.
  • You, H. 2016. “Quantifying Megacity Growth in Response to Economic Transition: A Case of Shanghai, China.” Habitat International 53:115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.11.001.
  • Yue, W., Y. Liu, and P. Fan. 2013. “Measuring Urban Sprawl and Its Drivers in Large Chinese Cities: The Case of Hangzhou.” Land Use Policy 31:358–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.018.
  • Yu, X. J., and C. N. Ng. 2007. “Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Sprawl Along Two Urban–Rural Transects: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China.” Landscape and Urban Planning 79 (1): 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.008.
  • Zeng, C., Y. Liu, A. Stein, and L. Jiao. 2015. “Characterization and Spatial Modeling of Urban Sprawl in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 34:10–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2014.06.012.
  • Zhang, M., Y. Li, R. Guo, and Y. Yan. 2022. “Heterogeneous Effects of Urban Sprawl on Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from China.” Sustainability 14 (3): 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031582.
  • Zhang, X., L. Lu, Y. Ren, Y. Xu, and H. Zhang. 2021. “Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern of Urban Sprawl in China and Its Influencing Factors [Article].” Economic Geography 41 (3): 77–85.
  • Zhang, C., C. Miao, W. Zhang, and X. Chen. 2018. “Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urban Sprawl and Its Relationship with Economic Development in China During 1990–2010.” Habitat International 79:51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.07.003.
  • Zhuang, H., G. Chen, Y. Yan, B. Li, L. Zeng, J. Ou, and X. Liu. 2022. “Simulation of Urban Land Expansion in China at 30 M Resolution Through 2050 Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.” GIScience & Remote Sensing 59 (1): 1301–1320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2022.2110197.