The rise of nutritionism and decline of nutritional health in Nauru

References

• Administration of Nauru. 1939. Annual Census, 1st December 1939. Nauru: Administration of Nauru, Department of Territories, Government of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, A. E., S. E. Gilman, and R. A. Burwell. 2005. “Changes in Prevalence of Overweight and in Body Image among Fijian Women between 1989 and 1998.” Obesity Research 13 (1): 110–117. doi:10.1038/oby.2005.14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonotti, M. 2015. “Food Policy, Nutritionism, and Public Justification.” Journal of Social Philosophy 46 (4): 402–417. doi:10.1111/josp.12129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, G. W. 1927. Dietetic Deficiencies and Their Relationship to Disease: With Special Reference to Vitamin B Deficiency in the Feeding of Infants. Sydney: Australasian Medical Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Brewis, A. A. 2014a. “Stigma and the Perpetuation of Obesity.” Social Science & Medicine 118: 152–158. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewis, A. A. 2014b. “Stigma and the Perpetuation of Obesity.” Social Science & Medicine 118: 152–158. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewis, A. A., A. Wutich, A. Falletta-Cowden, and I. Rodriguez-Soto. 2011. “Body Norms and Fat Stigma in Global Perspective.” Current Anthropology 52 (2): 269–276. doi:10.1086/659309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewis, A. A., S. T. McGarvey, J. Jones, and B. A. Swinburn. 1998. “Perceptions of Body Size in Pacific Islanders.” International Journal of Obesity 22 (2): 185–189. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broad, G., and A. Hite. 2014. “Nutrition Troubles.” Gastronomica: the Journal of Food and Culture 14 (3): 5–16. doi:10.1525/gfc.2014.14.3.5.This.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, K. J. 2003. “A Short History of Nutritional Science: Part 1 (1785–1885).” The Journal of Nutrition 133 (3): 638–645. doi:10.1093/jn/133.3.638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, K., T. S. Soakai, R. Taylor, I. Gadabu, C. Rao, K. Thoma, and A. D. Lopez. 2011. “Mortality Trends and the Epidemiological Transition in Nauru.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 23 (1): 10–23. doi:10.1177/1010539510390673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapp, J., and G. Scrinis. 2017. “Big Food, Nutritionism, and Corporate Power.” Globalizations 14 (4): 578–595. doi:10.1080/14747731.2016.1239806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, V. R., G. K. Dowse, and P. Z. Zimmet. 1990. “Prevalence of Obesity in Pacific and Indian Ocean Populations.” Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 10 (Supplement 1): S29–32. doi:10.1016/0168-8227(90)90136-H.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curtis, M. 2004. “The Obesity Epidemic in the Pacific Islands.” Journal of Development and Social Transformation 1: 37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Delaporte, P. A. 1920. “The Men and Women of Old Nauru.” The Mid-Pacific 9 (2): 153–156.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, J. M. 2009. “From the Imperial to the Empty Calorie: How Nutrition Relations Underpin Food Regime Transitions.” Agriculture and Human Values 26: 321–333. doi:10.1007/s10460-009-9217-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. 1972. “Desciphering a Meal.” Daedalus 101 (1): 61–81.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, P., and I. Roberts. 2009. “Population Adiposity and Climate Change.” International Journal of Epidemiology 38 (4): 1137–1140. doi:10.1093/ije/dyp172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, C. 2012. “Marketing Foods to Children: Are We Asking the Right Questions?” Childhood Obesity 8 (3): 191–194. doi:10.1089/chi.2012.0013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, A. F. 1935. Ocean Island and Nauru: Their Story. Sydney: Angus and Robertson Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Errington, F., and D. Gewertz. 2008. “Pacific Island Gastrologies: Following the Flaps.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14 (3): 590–608. doi:10.1111/jrai.2008.14.issue-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferzacca, S. 2004. “Lived Food and Judgments of Taste at a Time of Disease.” Medical Anthropology 23 (1): 41–67. doi:10.1080/01459740490276048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gewertz, D., and F. Errington. 2010. Flap Food Nations in the Pacific Islands. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Glassner, B., and J. D. Moreno. 1989. “Introduction: Quantification and the Enlightenment.” In The Qualitative-Quantitative Distinction in the Social Sciences, edited by B. Glassner and J. D. Moreno, 1–12. Boston: Springer-Science+Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Guthman, J. 2014. “Introducing Critical Nutrition: A Special Issue on Dietary Advice and Its Discontents.” Gastronomica 14 (3): 1–4. doi:10.1525/gfc.2014.14.3.1.This.
   Google Scholar
• Hambruch, P. 1914. Nauru (Part 1). Hamburg: L. Friederichsen and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hambruch, P. 1915. Nauru (Part 2). Hamburg: L. Friederichsen and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, J., A. K. Mclennan, and A. Brewis. 2018. “Body Size, Body Norms and Some Unintended Consequences of Obesity Intervention in the Pacific Islands.” Annals of Human Biology 45 (3): 285–294. doi:10.1080/03014460.2018.1459838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes-Conroy, A., and J. Hayes-Conroy. 2013. Doing Nutrition Differently: Critical Approaches to Diet and Dietary Intervention. Edited by A. Hayes-Conroy and J. Hayes-Conroy. Surrey: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, T. 2016. “The Importance of Age Perceptions and Nutritional Science to Early Twentieth-century Institutional Diets.” Social History of Medicine 30 (1): 158–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalm, L. M., and R. D. Semba. 2005. “They Starved so that Others Be Better Fed: Remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota Experiment.” The Journal of Nutrition 135: 1347–1352. doi:10.1093/jn/135.6.1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamminga, H., and A. Cunningham. 1995. The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840–1940. Edited by H. Kamminga and A. Cunningham. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Kayser, P. A. 1934. “Der Pandanus auf Nauru.” Anthropos 29: 775–791.
   Google Scholar
• Kearns, C. E., L. A. Schmidt, and S. A. Glantz. 2016. “Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research: A Historical Analysis of Internal Industry Documents.” JAMA Internal Medicine 176 (11): 1680–1685. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys, A., J. Brozek, A. Henschel, O. Mickelsen, and H. L. Taylor. 1950. The Biology of Human Starvation I-II. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kimura, A. H., C. Biltekoff, J. Mudry, and J. Hayes-Conroy. 2014. “Nutrition as a Project.” Gastronomica: the Journal of Food and Culture 14 (3): 34–45. doi:10.1525/gfc.2014.14.3.34.
   Google Scholar
• Kirk, N. E. 1957. Dietary Survey of the U.N. Trust Territory of Nauru. Canberra: Nutrition Section, Commonwealth Department of Health (at the request of the Department of Territories).
   Google Scholar
• Lalonde, M. P. 1992. “Deciphering a Meal Again, or the Anthropology of Taste.” Social Science Information 31 (1): 69–86. doi:10.1177/053901892031001003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mageo, J. M. 1996. “Hairdos and Don’ts: Hair Symbolism and Sexual History in Samoa.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 17 (2): 138–167. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLennan, A. K. 2015. “Bringing Everyday Life into the Study of ‘Lifestyle Diseases’: Lessons from an Ethnographic Investigation of Obesity in Nauru.” Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 7 (3): 286–301. In press.
   Google Scholar
• McLennan, A. K., S. J. Ulijaszek, and K. Eli. 2015. “Social Aspects of Dietary Sugars.” In Dietary Sugars and Health: From Biology to Policy, edited by M. I. Goran, L. Tappy, and K.-A. Lê, 1–11. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis/CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• McLennan, A. K. 2017. “Local Food, Imported Food, and the Failures of Community Gardening Initatives in Nauru.” In Postcolonialism, Indigeneity and Struggles for Food Sovereignty: Alternative Food Networks in Subaltern Spaces, edited by M. Wilson, 127–145. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McLennan, A. K., M. Shimonovich, S. J. Ulijaszek, and M. Wilson. 2018. “The Problem with Relying on Dietary Surveys: Sociocultural Correctives to Theories of Dietary Change in the Pacific Islands.” Annals of Human Biology 45 (3): 272–284. doi:10.1080/03014460.2018.1469668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLennan, A. K., and S. J. Ulijaszek. 2014. “Obesity Emergence in the Pacific Islands: Why Understanding Colonial History and Social Change Is Important.” Public Health Nutrition 18 (8): 1–7. doi:10.1017/S136898001400175X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudry, J. 2009. Measured Meals: Nutrition in America. Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nauru Bureau of Statistics. 2012. Nauru National Population Census, January 2011. Nauru: Nutrition Section, Commonwealth Department of Health (at the request of the Department of Territories).
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, K. 2009. “The King’s Christmas Pudding: Globalization, Recipes, and the Commodities of Empire.” Journal of Global History 4 (1): 127–155. doi:10.1017/S1740022809002988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit-Skinner, S. 1981. The Nauruans. San Francisco: Macduff Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pollock, N. J. 1992. These Roots Remain: Food Habits in Islands of the Central and Eastern Pacific since Western Contact. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pollock, N. J. 1995. “Cultural Elaborations of Obesity - Fattening Practices in Pacific Societies.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinican Nutrition 4: 357–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollock, N. J. 1996. “Impact of Mining on Nauruan Women.” Natural Resources Forum 20 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1111/narf.1996.20.issue-2.
   Google Scholar
• Prentice, A. M., and S. A. Jebb. 1995. “Obesity in Britain: Gluttony or Sloth?” BMJ 311 (7002): 437–439. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7002.437.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ringrose, H., and P. Z. Zimmet. 1979. “Nutrient Intakes in an Urbanized Micronesian Population with a High Diabetes Prevalence.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32: 1334–1341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheper-Hughes, N., and M. M. Lock. 1987. “The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1 (1): 6–41. doi:10.1525/maq.1987.1.issue-1.
   Google Scholar
• Schooneveldt, M. G., T. Songer, P. Z. Zimmet, and K. Thoma. 1988. “Changing Mortality Patterns in Nauruans: An Example of Epidemiological Transition.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 42 (1): 89–95. doi:10.1136/jech.42.1.89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrinis, G. 2008. “On the Ideology of Nutritionism.” Gastronomica 8 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1525/gfc.2008.8.1.39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scrinis, G. 2013. Nutritionism: The Science and Politics of Dietary Advice. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Shapin, S. 2014. ““You are What You Eat”: Historical Changes in Ideas about Food and Identity.” Historical Research 87 (237): 377–392. doi:10.1111/1468-2281.12059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibbel, A. 2008. “Dietary Fibre in Human Nutrition: The Problem of Providing Nutrition Advice.” British Food Journal 110 (2): 236–248. doi:10.1108/00070700810849934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R., and K. Thoma. 1983. Nauruan Mortality 1976–1981 and a Review of Previous Mortality Data. Noumea: South Pacific Commission.
   Google Scholar
• The Economist. 2001. “Nauru - Paradise Well and Truly Lost.” The Economist, December. 73. http://www.economist.com/node/884045
   Google Scholar
• Ulijaszek, S. J., and A. K. Mclennan. 2016. “Framing Obesity in UK Policy from the Blair Years, 1997–2015: The Persistence of Individualistic Approaches despite Overwhelming Evidence of Societal and Economic Factors, and the Need for Collective Responsibility.” Obesity Reviews 17 (5): 397–411. doi:10.1111/obr.12386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viviani, N. 1970. Nauru: Phosphate and Political Progress. Canberra: ANU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wedgwood, C. H. 1936a. “Report on Research Work in Nauru Island, Central Pacific (Part 1).” Oceania 6 (4): 359–391. doi:10.1002/ocea.1936.6.issue-4.
   Google Scholar
• Wedgwood, C. H. 1936b. “Report on Research Work in Nauru Island, Central Pacific (Part 2).” Oceania 7 (1): 1–33. doi:10.1002/ocea.1936.7.issue-1.
   Google Scholar
• Weeramantry, C. G. 1992. Nauru: Environmental Damage under International Trusteeship. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M., and A. K. Mclennan. 2019. “A Comparative Ethnography of Nutrition Interventions: Structural Violence and the Industrialisation of Agrifood Systems in the Caribbean and the Pacific.” Social Science & Medicine 228 (March): 172–180. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.029.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yates-Doerr, E. 2012. “The Opacity of Reduction: Nutritional Black-boxing and the Meanings of Mourishment.” Food, Culture and Society 15 (2): 293–313. doi:10.2752/175174412x13233545145381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmet, P. Z. 2009. “A Lifetime Pursuit of Diabetes through Chance.” The Medical Journal of Australia 191 (11/12): 632–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmet, P. Z. 1976. “Diabetes and other health problems in Nauru (a report of a diabetes survey, May 1075)”. Report to the Minister for Health and Education, Republic of Nauru.
   Google Scholar